STDOIS0 31-2-ENGL 1992

INTERNATIONAL
4851903 0775539 02T - 31-1:I992
IS0
STANDARD 31-2:1992
31-3:1 992
31-4: 1992
31-5 1992
31-6: 1992
31-7:1992
31-8:1992
31-9~1992
31-10:1992
31-1 2: 1 992
31-13:1992
AMENDMENT 1
1998-12-15

Quantities and units -

Part 1: Space and time
Part 2: Periodic and related phenomena
Part 3: Mechanics
Part 4: Heat
Part 5: Electricity and magnetism
Part 6: Light and related electromagnetic radiations
Part 7: Acoustics
Part 8: Physical chemistry and molecular physics
Part 9: Atomic and nuclear physics
Part 1O: Nuclear reactions and ionizing radiations
Part 12: Characteristic numbers
Pari 13: Solid state physics
AMENDMENT 1

Grandeurs et unités -
partie I : Espace et temps
Partie 2: Phénomènes périodiques et connexes
Partie 3: Mécanique
Partie 4: Chaleur
Partie 5: Électricité et magnétisme
Partie 6: Lumière et rayonnements électromagnétiques connexes
Partie 7: Acoustique
Partie 8: Chimie physique et physique moléculaire
--``,,,,,````,,,`,,`,````,,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

Partie 9: Physique atomique et nucléaire

Partie 10: Réactions nucléaires et rayonnements ionisants
Partie 12: Nombres caractéristiques
Partie 13: Physique de l'état solide
AMENDEMENT 1 This material is reproduced from I S 0 documents under International Organization for
Standardization (IS01 Copyright License Number IHSIICCII 996. Not for resale. No
part of these I S 0 documents may be reproduced in any form, electronic retrieval
system or otherwise, except as allowed in the copyright law of the country of use,
or with the prior written consent of I S 0 (Case postale 56, 1211 Geneva 20,
Switzerland. Fax +41 22 734 10 79i,IHS or the IC0 Licensor's members.

Referencenumber
I S 0 31 (parts 1 to 10. 12 and 13):1992/Amd.l:1998(E)

Copyright International Organization for Standardization

Reproduced by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=DOLPHIN ENERGY/5959485001
No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale, 10/28/2005 21:53:53 MDT
 STD-ISO 31-2-ENGL 1992 485L903 0775540 84% W
IS0 31 (parts 1 to 10,12 and 13):1992/Amd.l:1998(E)

Foreword
IS0 (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide
federation of national standards bodies (IS0 member bodies). The work of
preparing International Standards is normally carried out through IS0
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which
a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented
on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-
governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. IS0
collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission
(IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.

Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are

circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International
Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting
a vote.

Amendment 1 to parts 1 to 10, 12 and 13 of International Standard

IS0 31:1992 was prepared by Technical Committee ISOTTC 12, Quantities,
units, symbols, conversion factors.

o I S 0 1998
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced
or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and
microfilm, without permission in writing from the publisher.
InternationalOrganization for Standardization
Case postale 56 CH-1211 Genève 20 Switzerland
Internet iso@[Link]
Printed in Switzerland

ii --``,,,,,````,,,`,,`,````,,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

Copyright International Organization for Standardization

Reproduced by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=DOLPHIN ENERGY/5959485001
No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale, 10/28/2005 21:53:53 MDT
 STDmISO 33-2-ENCL 3992 M 4853903 0775543 788 D
IS0 31-1:1992/Amd.l:1998(E)
I S 0 31-2:1992/Amd.l:1998(E)
I S 0 31-3:1992/Amd.l:1998(E)
I S 0 31-4:1992/Amd.l:1998(E)
I S 0 31-5:1992/Amd.l:1998(E)
I S 0 31-6:1992/Amd.l:1998(E)
IS0 31-7:1992/Amd.l:1998(E)
I S 0 31-8:1992/Amd.l: 1998(E)
IS0 31-9:1992/Amd.l:1998(E)
IS0 31-10:1992/Amd.l:1998(E)
IS0 31-12:1992/Amd.l:1998(E)
I S 0 31-13:1992/Amd.l:1998(E)

Quantities and units -

Part 1: Space and time
Part 2: Periodic and related phenomena
Part 3: Mechanics
Part 4: Heat
Part 5: Electricity and magnetism
Part 6: Light and related electromagnetic radiations
Part 7 : Acoustics
Part 8: Physical chemistry and molecular physics
Part 9: Atomic and nuclear physics
Part 1O: Nuclear reactions and ionizing radiations
Part 12: Characteristic numbers
Part 13: Solid state physics
AMENDMENT 1

Page v
Replace subclause 0.3.2with the following text:

0.3.2 Remark on units for quantities of dimension one

The coherent unit for any quantity of dimension one is the number one, symbol 1. When the value of such a quantity
is expressed, the unit symbol 1 is generally not written out explicitly.

EXAMPLE

Refractive index n = 133 x 1 = 1,53

Prefixes shall not be used to form multiples or submultiples of this unit. Instead of prefixes, powers of 10 may be
used.

EXAMPLE

Reynolds number Re = 1,32x lo3

Considering that plane angle is generally expressed as the ratio of two lengths and solid angle as the ratio of two
areas, in 1995 the CGPM has specified that, in the International System of Units, the radian, rad, and the steradian,
sr, are “dimensionless” derived units. This implies that the quantities plane angle and solid angle are considered as
derived quantities of dimension one. The units radian and steradian may be omitted, or they may be used in
expressions for derived units to facilitate distinction between quantities of different nature but having the same
dimension.

--``,,,,,````,,,`,,`,````,,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

1
Copyright International Organization for Standardization
Reproduced by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=DOLPHIN ENERGY/5959485001
No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale, 10/28/2005 21:53:53 MDT
 - ~

STDOIS0 33-2-ENGL 3992 4853903 0775542 614 W

I S 0 31 (parts 1 to 10,12 and 13):1992/Amd.l:1998(E)

ICs 01.060
Price based on 1 page
--``,,,,,````,,,`,,`,````,,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

Copyright International Organization for Standardization

Reproduced by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=DOLPHIN ENERGY/5959485001
No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale, 10/28/2005 21:53:53 MDT
 IS0 31 P T * 2 92 m 4851903 0 5 3 7 9 b 5 119 m

I NT E R NAT I ONA L IS0

STANDARD 31-2
Second edition
1992-09-01
Corrected and reprinted
1993-05-1
5

‫ادارة توكيد الجودة‬

‫قطاع البحوث والتطوير‬

--``,,,,,````,,,`,,`,````,,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
‫شركة كريستال عصفور‬
‫يحذر استخدامها خارج الشركة‬

Quantities and units -

Part 2:
Periodic and related phenomena

Grandeurs et unités -
Partie 2: Phénomènes périodiques et connexes

Reference number
I S 0 31-2:1992(E)

Copyright International Organization for Standardization

Reproduced by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=DOLPHIN ENERGY/5959485001
No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale, 10/28/2005 21:53:53 MDT
 IS0 31 P T * Z 92 4851903 0537îbb 055
IS0 31-2:1992(E)

Foreword
IS0 (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide
federation of national standards bodies (IS0 member bodies). The work
of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through I S 0
--``,,,,,````,,,`,,`,````,,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for

which a technical committee has been established has the right to be
represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental
and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. I S 0
collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission
(IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are
circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International
Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting
a vote.
International Standard I S 0 31-2 was prepared by Technical Committee
ISOflC 12, Quantities, units, symbols, conversion factors.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition
(IS0 31-21978). The major technical changes from the first edition are the
following:

The scope of Technical Committee ISO/TC 12 is standardization of units

and symbols for quantities and units (and mathematical symbols) used
within the different fields of science and technology, giving, where
necessary, definitions of these quantities and units. Standard conversion
factors for converting between the various units also come under the
scope of the TC. In fulfilment of this responsibility, ISO/TC 12 has pre-

I pared IS0 31.

I
o IS0 1992
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced
or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and
microfilm, without permission in writing from the publisher.
International Organization for Standardization
Case Postale 56 CH-1211 Genève 20 Switzerland

Copyright International Organization for Standardization

Reproduced by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=DOLPHIN ENERGY/5959485001
No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale, 10/28/2005 21:53:53 MDT
 IS0 31 P T * 2 92 m 4851903 0537967 Tï1 m
Q IS0 IS0 31-21992(E)

IS0 31 consists of the following parts, under the general title Quantities
and units:

- Part O: General principles

- Part 1: Space and time

- Part 2: Periodic and related phenomena

- Part 3: Mechanics

- Part4: Heat

- Part 5: Electricity and magnetism

- Part 6: Light and related electromagnetic radiations

- Part 7: Acoustics
- Part 8: Physical chemistry and molecular physics
- Part 9: Atomic and nuclear physics
- Part 1O: Nuclear reactions and ionizing radiations

- Part 11: Mathematical signs and symbols for use in the physical
sciences and technology

- Part 12: Characteristic numbers

- Part 13: Solid state physics
--``,,,,,````,,,`,,`,````,,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

...

Copyright International Organization for Standardization

Reproduced by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=DOLPHIN ENERGY/5959485001
No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale, 10/28/2005 21:53:53 MDT
 I S 0 31 P T * 2 92 4851903 0537968 928

IS0 31-2:1992(E) 0 IS0

Introduction

0.1 Arrangement of the tables

The tables of quantities and units in I S 0 31 are arranged so that the
quantities are presented on the left-hand pages and the units on the cor-
responding right-hand pages.
All units between two full lines belong to the quantities between the cor-
responding full lines on the left-hand pages.
Where the numbering of an item has been changed in the revision of a
part of I S 0 31, the number in the preceding edition is shown in parenth-
eses on the left-hand page under the new number for the quantity; a dash
is used to indicate that the item in question did not appear in the preceding
edition.

0.2 Tables of quantities

The most important quantities within the field of this document are given
together with their symbols and, in most cases, definitions. These defi-
nitions are given merely for identification; they are not intended to be
complete.
The vectorial character of some quantities is pointed out, especially when
this is needed for the definitions, but no attempt is made to be complete
or consistent.
In most cases only one name and only one symbol for the quantity are
given; where two or more names or two or more symbols are given for
one quantity and no special distinction is made, they are on an equal
footing. When two types of italic (sloping) letter exist (for example as with
9, 8; cp, 4; g, g) only one of these is given. This does not mean that the
other is not equally acceptable. In general it is recommended that such
variants should not be given different meanings. A symbol within par-
entheses implies that it is a "reserve symbol", to be used when, in a
particular context, the main symbol is in use with a different meaning.

0.3 Tables of units

0.3.1 General

Units for the corresponding quantities are given together with the inter-
national symbols and the definitions. For further information, see IS0 31-0.
The units are arranged in the following way:

a) The names of the SI units are given in large print (larger than text size).
The SI units have been adopted by the General Conference on Weights
and Measures (Conference Générale des Poids et Mesures, CGPM).

iv
--``,,,,,````,,,`,,`,````,,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

Copyright International Organization for Standardization

Reproduced by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=DOLPHIN ENERGY/5959485001
No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale, 10/28/2005 21:53:53 MDT
 IS0 3 3 P T * Z 92 = 4853903 O537969 864

0 IS0 IS0 31-2:1992(E)

The SI units and their decimal multiples and submultiples are rec-
ommended, although the decimal multiples and sub-multiples are not
explicitly mentioned.

b) The names of non-SI units which may be used together with SI units
because of their practical importance or because of their use in
specialized fields are given in normal print (text size).
These units are separated by a broken line from the SI units for the
quantities concerned.

c) The names of non-SI units which may be used temporarily together

with SI units are given in small print (smaller [Link] size) in the
"Conversion factors and remarks" column.

d) The names of non-SI units which should not be combined with SI units
are given only in annexes in some parts of IS0 31. These annexes are
informative and not integral parts of the standard. They are arranged in
three groups:

1) special names of units in the CGS system;

2) names of units based on the foot, pound and second and some
other related units;

3) names of other units.

0.3.2 Remark on units for quantities of dimension one

The coherent unit for any quantity of dimension one is the number one (1).
When the value of such a quantity is expressed, the unit 1 is generally not
written out explicitly. Prefixes shall not be used to form multiples or sub-
multiples of this unit. Instead of prefixes, powers of 10 may be used.
EXAMPLES
Refractive index n = 1,53x 1 = 1,53
Reynolds number Re = 1,32x I O3
Considering that plane angle is generally expressed as the ratio between
two lengths, and solid angle as the ratio between an area and the square
of a length, the CIPM specified in 1980 that, in the International System
of Units, the radian and steradian are dimensionless derived units. This
implies that the quantities plane angle and solid angle are considered as
dimensionless derived quantities. The units radian and steradian may be
used in expressions for derived units to facilitate distinction between
quantities of different nature but having the same dimension.

0.4 Numerical statements

All numbers in the "Definition" column are exact.
When numbers in the "Conversion factors and remarks" column are
exact, the word "exactly" is added in parentheses after the number.

0.5 Special remark on logarithmic quantities and units

The expression for the time dependence of a damped harmonic oscillation
can be written either in real notation or as the real part of a complex no-
tation
F(t) = A e-" cos(or) = Re(A

--``,,,,,````,,,`,,`,````,,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`--- V
Copyright International Organization for Standardization
Reproduced by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=DOLPHIN ENERGY/5959485001
No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale, 10/28/2005 21:53:53 MDT
 IS0 33 P T * Z 92 4853903 0537970 586 =
IS0 31-2:1992(E) 0 IS0

This simple relation involving 6 and o can be obtained only when e (base
of natural logarithms) is used as the base of the exponential function. The
coherent SI unit for the damping coefficient 6 and the angular frequency
w is second to the power minus one, 1/s. Using the special names neper,
Np, and radian, rad, for the units of 6t and wt respectively, the units for 6
and w become neper per second, Np/s, and radian per second, rad/s, re-
spectively. Neper and radian are special names for the "dimensionless"
unit one, 1. The neper is used as a unit for logarithmic quantities; the
radian is used as a unit for plane angles and for the phase of circular
functions.
Corresponding variation in space is treated in the same manner
F(x) = A e-curcos(bx) = Re(A e-'*), y =a + jg
where the unit for a is neper per metre, Np/m, and the unit for is radian
per metre, rad/m.
In I S 0 31, the level of a field quantity is therefore defined as the natural
logarithm of a ratio of two amplitudes, LF= In(F/F,), and is hence a
quantity of dimension one. The unit neper (= the number 1) is the level
of a field quantity when FIFO = e.
Since power is often proportional to the square of an amplitude, a factor
1/2 is introduced in the definition of the level of a power quantity
Lp = (1/2) In(P/P,) in order to make the level of the power quantity under
these circumstances equal to the level of the field quantity.
In practice the noncoherent unit degree, ...O, (1" = x/180 rad) is often
used for angles and the noncoherent unit bel, B,
[l B = (1/2) In 10 Np 1,151 293 Np] based on common logarithms
(base 1O) for logarithmic quantities. Instead of the bel, its submultiple the
decibel, dB, is commonly used.

vi --``,,,,,````,,,`,,`,````,,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

Copyright International Organization for Standardization

Reproduced by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=DOLPHIN ENERGY/5959485001
No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale, 10/28/2005 21:53:53 MDT
 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD 0 I S 0 IS0 31-2:1992(E)

Quantities and units -

Part 2:
Periodic and related phenomena

1 Scope part of I S 0 31 are encouraged to investigate the

possibility of applying the most recent edition of the
This part of I S 0 31 gives names and symbols for standard indicated below. Members of IEC and I S 0
quantities and units of periodic and related phenom- maintain registers of currently valid International
ena. Where appropriate, conversion factors are also Standards.
given.
IEC 27-1:I 992, Letter symbols to be used in electrical
2 Normative reference
technology - Pat? I: General.

--``,,,,,````,,,`,,`,````,,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
The following standard contains provisions which, 3 Names and symbols
through reference in this text, constitute provisions
of this part of I S 0 31. At the time of publication, the The names and symbols for quantities and units of
edition indicated was valid. All standards are subject periodic and related phenomena are given on the fol-
to revision, and parties to agreements based on this lowing pages.

1
Copyright International Organization for Standardization
Reproduced by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=DOLPHIN ENERGY/5959485001
No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale, 10/28/2005 21:53:53 MDT
 IS0 31 P T U 2 92 m 4853903 0537972 359 m
IS0 31-2:1992(E) 0 IS0

PERIODIC AND RELATED PHENOMENA Quantities

item
Quantity Symbol Definition Remarks
No.

2-1 period, T Time of one cycle

periodic time

2-2 time constant z Time after which the quantity If a quantity is a function of
of an would reach its limit if it maintained time given by
exponentially its initial rate of variation
varying F(r) = A Be-''' +
quantity
then t is the time constant.
2-3.1 frequency f = 1/T

2-3.2 rotational
frequency

2-4 angular o o = 27cf

frequency,
pulsatance

!-5 wavelength A. Distance in the direction of propa-

gation of a periodic wave between
two successive points where a t a
given time the phase is the same

-
--``,,,,,````,,,`,,`,````,,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

2
Copyright International Organization for Standardization
Reproduced by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=DOLPHIN ENERGY/5959485001
No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale, 10/28/2005 21:53:53 MDT
 I S 0 31 P T * 2 9 2 Y851903 0 5 3 7 9 7 3 295

8 IS0 IS0 31-2:1992(E)

Units PERIODIC AND RELATED PHENOMENA

~

Item International
Name of unit Definition Conversion factors and remarks
No. symbol for unit

--``,,,,,````,,,`,,`,````,,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
2-1.a second S

2-2.a second s

2-3.a hertz Hz 1 Hz = 1 s-' 1 Hz is the frequency of a periodic

phenomenon of which the period
is 1 s.
2-3.b reciprocal s -1 The designations "revolutions per min-
second, ute" (r/min) and "revolutions per sec-
ond" (r/s) are widely used for rotational
second to the frequency in specifications on rotating
power minus machinery. Language-dependentab-
one breviations, such as the English
rev/min and rpm (revolutionsper min-
ute) and rev/s and rps (revolutions per
second), and the French tr/min (tours
par minute) and tr/s (tours par
seconde), are not recommended.1)

1) See also IEC 27-1.

2-4.a radian per rad/s See the introduction, subclause

second 0.3.2.

2-4.b reciprocal S-l

second,
second to the
power minus
one

2-5.a metre m Bngström (Ai, 1 A = m (exactly)

3
Copyright International Organization for Standardization
Reproduced by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=DOLPHIN ENERGY/5959485001
No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale, 10/28/2005 21:53:53 MDT
 I S 0 3 1 P T * 2 92 M 4853903 0537974 323 M

IS0 31-2:1992(E) 0 IS0

'ERIODIC AND RELATED PHENOMENA (continued) Quantities

Item Symbol Definition Remarks

Quantity
No.

-6 epetency, r = l/d The vector quantities 6 and

vavenumber k corresponding to
'epetency and angular
'epetency are called wave
Jector and propagation vec-
tor respectively.

2-7 ingular
, c e = 2xu
:2-6.a repetency,
ingular
wavenumber

2%. 1 lhase velocity If velocities of

(4 electromagnetic waves and
other velocities are both in-
volved, then c should be
2-8.2 aroup velocity used for the former and Y for
(-1 the latter.
~

2-9 level of a field r, L~ = In(F/Fo) If PIPo= (F/Fo)2then

(2-7.1) quantity L p = Lp
where F and Fo represent two am-
plitudes of the same kind, Fo being Similar names, symbols and
a reference amplitude definitions apply to levels
based on other quantities
which are linear or quadratic
functions of the amplitudes,
respectively. The quantity on
which the level is based
should be specified in the
name and by the subscript
of the symbol, e.g. level of
electric field strength LE.
1 In(P/Po)
2-1 o level of a powe 4 L --
p - 2
(2-8.1) quantity A difference between two
where P and Po represent two field levels with the same
--``,,,,,````,,,`,,`,````,,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

powers, Po being a reference reference Fo is called the

power field level difference

uF= in(Fl/Fo) - In(F2/F0):

WlIF2)

independent of Fw

An analogous relation applie:

to power level difference.

4
Copyright International Organization for Standardization
Reproduced by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=DOLPHIN ENERGY/5959485001
No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale, 10/28/2005 21:53:53 MDT
 IS0 31 P T a 2 9 2 4853903 0537975 O b 8
0 IS0 IS0 31-2:1992(E)

Jnits PERIODIC AND RELATED PHENOMENA (continued)

item International Definition Conversion factors and remarks

Name of unit
No. symbol for unit

2-6.a *eciprocal
metre,
netre to the
power minus
one

2-7.a ?adian per ,ad/m See the introduction, subclause

metre 1.3.2.

2-7.b reciprocaI n-’

metre,
metre to the
power minus
one
~~

2-8.a metre per

second

_-------- ,-----_- ----

2-9.a neper I Np is the level of a field See the introduction, subclause
quantity when 0.5.
The decibel, dB, is widely used.
In(F/Fo) = 1
Generally LF = ln(F/Fo) Np =
2 ig(F/Fo) B = 20 ig(F/Fo) dB.

2-9.b bel 1 B is the level of a field 1 dB=- In20

lo~p (exactly) =
quantity when
0,115 129 3 Np
2 ig(F/Fo)= 1
--- __---- .___----- ____--------
2-10.a neper 1 Np is the level of a See the introduction, subclause
power quantity when 0.5.
The decibel, dB, is widely used.
1
2
in(P/Po>= i
1 In(P/Po) Np =
Generally Lp = -
2
ig(P/îo) B = 1O ig(P/Po) dB.

2-10.b bel 1 B is the level of a powei 1 dB=- In 10 ~p (exactiy) =

20
quantity when
0,115 1293 Np
b(P/PO) = 1

5
--``,,,,,````,,,`,,`,````,,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

Copyright International Organization for Standardization

Reproduced by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=DOLPHIN ENERGY/5959485001
No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale, 10/28/2005 21:53:53 MDT
 IS0 31 P T * 2 92 4853903 053797b T T 4

IS0 31-2:1992(E) 0 IS0

PERIODIC AND RELATED PHENOMENA (concluded) Quantities

Item Definition Remarks
Quantity Symbol
No.

2-1 1 damping I5 If a quantity is a function of time z = 1/6 is the time constant

(2-9.1) coefficient given by (relaxation time) of the am-
plitude.
F(t) = Ae-6' cos [w(t - to)]
The quantity w(r - to) is
then 6 is the damping coefficient called the phase.

2-1 2 logarithmic A Product of damping coefficient and

(2-10.1) decrement period

2-1 3.1 attenuation If a quantity is a function of dis- The quantity l / a is called the
(2-11 . 1 ) coefficient tance x given by attenuation length.

F(x) = Ae-a cos[ß(x - .o)] The quantity ß(x - .o) is

2-1 3.2 phase called the phase.
then a is the attenuation coefficient
(2-11.2 coefficient
and ß is the phase coefficient

2-1 3-3 propagation y=a+jß K = - jy is the complex

(2-11.3) coefficient angular repetency.

--``,,,,,````,,,`,,`,````,,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

6
Copyright International Organization for Standardization
Reproduced by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=DOLPHIN ENERGY/5959485001
No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale, 10/28/2005 21:53:53 MDT
 IS0 31 P T * 2 9 2 4851903 0537977 930 D
0 IS0 IS0 31-2:1992(E)

--``,,,,,````,,,`,,`,````,,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

Units PERIODIC AND RELATED PHENOMENA (concluded)

Item International
Name of unit Definition Conversion factors and remarks
No. symbol for unit

2-1 1.a reciprocal

second,
second to the
power minus
one
--- ----__ ------------
2-1 1.b neper per See the introduction, subclause
second 0.5.
--- ------ -- --.- ------ -
2-12.a neper See the introduction, Subclause
0.5.

2-13.a reciprocal m-’ See the introduction, subclause

metre, 0.5.
metre to the
a and /Iare often given in Np/m and
power minus rad/m respectively.
one

7
Copyright International Organization for Standardization
Reproduced by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=DOLPHIN ENERGY/5959485001
No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale, 10/28/2005 21:53:53 MDT
 IS0 31 P T * 2 92 = 4853903 0537978 877
IS0 31-2:1992(E)

UDC 389.15/.16:[534+535+537 ].081:006.72

Descriptors: system of units, international system of units, units of measurement, quantities, periodic variations, frequencies, waves,
attenuation, damping, symbols, definitions, conversion of units, conversion factor.
Price based on 7 pages

--``,,,,,````,,,`,,`,````,,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

Copyright International Organization for Standardization

Reproduced by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=DOLPHIN ENERGY/5959485001
No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale, 10/28/2005 21:53:53 MDT