International Journal of Latest Technology in Engineering, Management & Applied Science (IJLTEMAS)

Volume VIII, Issue IV, April 2019 | ISSN 2278-2540

Speed control of DC motor using LabVIEW

G. Pradeepa*1, N.T.Elakkya2, J.Jayashree3, S.Madhumitha4
*1
Assistant Professor, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, PSG College of Technology, Coimbatore, Tamil
Nadu, India.
2,3,4
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering , PSG College of Technology, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India.

Abstract-The projects aim is to control the speed of dc motor by

using the PID controller in Lab VIEW. It combines the
advantage of proportional, derivate and integral control action.
DC motors are used extensively in industrial variable speed
applications because of most demanding speed torque
characteristics and are simple in controlling aspects. The motor
speed is kept constant in this experiment. The simulation result
of the experiment shows that a motor is running approximately
at a constant speed regardless of a motor loop. It is concluded Fig. [Link] Diagram of dc motor speed control
that a PID controller is a successful tool for controlling the motor
speed in presence of load disturbances. The rpm of the dc motor
is sensed and given as an input to the DAQ by the proximity
sensor.
Keywords: DC motor, Speed, PID, Setpoint, Sensor, Closed loop,
LabVIEW

I. INTRODUCTION
Fig .[Link] block diagram of LabVIEW based speed control

D C motor converts electrical energy into mechanical

energy. All dc motors have internal mechanisms such as
electro mechanical or electronic to change the current flow
The overall block diagram[1] of LabVIEW based speed control
is shown in Fig.2. The motor is drive by using a driver
direction. Large dc motors have various applications such as IC(L293d).The output from the motor is given to the
propulsion of electric vehicles, elevators, etc. the origin of the proximity sensor. The proximity sensor senses the output
ac motor is possible by the advent of power electronics. Speed voltage and it is given to DAQ. From the DAQ it is given to
of the dc motor can be controlled by flux control method, the PID controller. The PID Controller generates the
armature control method, voltage control method. In open difference or error[2]. The error is reduced by varying gain of
loop system the output is not reliable and accurate. So to get PID.
accurate results closed loop systems are used. Closed loop III. PROJECT EXPLANATION
system automatically regulates a process variable to a desired
state or set point without human interaction. In this project, Lab VIEW(Laboratory virtual instrument engineering
the speed of the dc motor is measured by the proximity sensor workbench)is a system design platform and devolvement
and it is given to the PID controller. The PID controller varies environment for visual programming language from national
the output according to the set point in PID. The overall instrument. In lab view there are two main components front
closed loop plant is described in [Link] diagram of dc panel and block diagram. Front panel is just a user interface
motor speed control. .block diagram shows the internal connection of design .

II. BLOCK DIAGRAM 3.1.L293d

The closed loop system consists of DC motor, proximity L293d is driver IC which is used to drive the dc motor. The
sensor and PID controller controlled by LabVIEW. The dc pin diagram of L293D is shown in [Link] is 16 pin IC. Pin 1
motor is controlled by a user interface LabVIEW through PID and pin 8 are shorted and it is given to supply .The supply is
controller which processes the output of the sensor and regulated power supply of 5v.Pin2 is input pin which is given
controls the output. i.e.: motor. The LabVIEW controls the from the DAQ.Pin3 is output pin which is given to the one
speed of motor where the output is monitored and compared terminal of the motor. The another terminal of the motor is
with proximity sensor through a PID controller to give a given the ground Pin4.
desired speed of the motor.

[Link] Page 110

 International Journal of Latest Technology in Engineering, Management & Applied Science (IJLTEMAS)
Volume VIII, Issue IV, April 2019 | ISSN 2278-2540

3.2.1. The Characteristics of P, I, and D Controllers

A proportional controller (Kp) will have the effect of reducing
the rise time and will reduce but never eliminate the steady-
state error. An integral control (Ki) will have the effect of
eliminating the steady-state error, but it may make the
transient response worse. A derivative control (Kd) will have
the effect of increasing the stability of the system, reducing
the overshoot, and improving the transient response. Effects
of each of controllers Kp, Kd, and Ki on a closed-loop[4]
system are summarized in the [Link] table [5]
of PID gain as shown below.
Fig .3. Pin Diagram of L293D CL response Rise time Overshoot Settling time s-s error
3.2. PID Controller: Kp Decrease Increase
Small
Decrease
change
A proportional–integral–derivative controller[3] (PID Ki
Decrease
Increase Increase Eliminate
controller) is a generic control loop feedback mechanism
(controller) widely used in industrial control systems– a PID Kd Small Decrease Small
Decrease
change change
is the most commonly used feedback controller. A PID
controller calculates an "error" value as the difference
between a measured process variable and a desired set point. Table [Link] table of PID gains
The controller attempts to minimize the error by adjusting the 3.3. DAQ (Data Acquisition):
process control inputs. A PID controller consists of a
Proportional element, an Integral element and a Derivative DAQ is the process of measuring an electrical parameters
element, all three connected in parallel. All of them take the such as voltage, current, temperature, pressure etc. DAQ have
error as input. Kp, Ki, Kd are the gains of P, I and D elements 68 pin. Input pin AI0 to AI 15. Output pin AO 0, [Link] this
respectively. The PID controller compares the measured project we use 22,23,32,55 pin. The pin diagram of DAQ is
process value with a reference setpoint value. The difference shown in Fig.4.
or error, e, is then processed to calculate a new process input.
This input will try to adjust the measured process value back
to the desired setpoint. The alternative to a closed loop control
scheme such as the PID controller is an open loop controller.
Open loop control (no feedback) is in many cases not
satisfactory, and is often impossible due to the system
properties. By adding feedback from the system output,
performance can be improved.
The error will be managed in three ways, to:
1. Handle the present, through the proportional term
2. Recover from the past, using the integral term
3. Anticipate the future, through the derivation term
The transfer function of the PID controller looks like the
following:
[Link] Diagram of DAQ

3.4. Proximity Sensor:

A proximity sensor[6] is a sensor able to detect the presence of
Kp = Proportional gain nearby objects without any physical contact. A proximity
sensor often emits an electromagnetic field or a beam
Ki = Integral gain
of electromagnetic radiation (infrared, for instance), and looks
Kd = Derivative gain for changes in the field or return signal. In this project
proximity sensor sense the how many times the metal object
cross the sensor for the period of one minute. The proximity
sensor give the output to the DAQ which in turn manipulated

[Link] Page 111

 International Journal of Latest Technology in Engineering, Management & Applied Science (IJLTEMAS)
Volume VIII, Issue IV, April 2019 | ISSN 2278-2540

by the PID controller. Here NPN proximity sensor of 4mm The output from the proximity sensor on increasing to desired
measurable range of input voltage of 4V to 40V has been setpoint and output is 7.91V as shown in Fig.6.2. and output
used. of 8.31V as shown in Fig.6.3.
IV. EXPERIMENTAL SETUP:
By varying the slide, the set point is set to desired
value. The process variable is compared to the set point to
produce the difference by PID. The PID adjusts the output
according to the set point in terms of gain. The proximity
sensor output can be checked using gauge. And, the overall
manipulated output is given to DAQ, then to the driver circuit
L293d which drives the output. The experimental setup of
hardware is shown ion Fig.5

Fig [Link] setup of hardware of desired setpoint of 10

V. RESULT
[Link] of 7.91V
The output from the proximity sensor is given to the DAQ
assistant 1. It is given to the PID process input. The point
compares the setpoint and process variable and give the
output. On experimenting, PID which processes the output
goes on increasing step by step speed to desired setpoint. With
our desired setpoint of 10, the compared output of PID
increases on a decimal value shown in the following figures.
In [Link] of 7.85V

[Link] of 8.31V
[Link] is 7.85V

[Link] Page 112

 International Journal of Latest Technology in Engineering, Management & Applied Science (IJLTEMAS)
Volume VIII, Issue IV, April 2019 | ISSN 2278-2540

VI .CONCLUSION From this project, the problem faced by the open

loop system is overcome and the new way control by using
Lab VIEW is experimented... The output is varied by
automatically without any human interface. So we can able to
get the accurate results at the output of 10V by comparing the
various processed inputs from the proximity sensor as shown
in [Link] of 10.
REFERENCES
[1]. Jovitha Jenome,’Virtual instrumentation using Lab VIEW’, PHI
learning [Link], 2010.
[2]. Chance Elliot, Vipin Vijayakumar, ‘A programming environment
for Laboratory Automation and measurement’, SAGE
publications, 2007.
[3]. Karl Johan Astros, ’PID controller Theory, Design, Tuning’,
International society for measurement and control,1995.
[4]. Jeffrey Travis, ’LabVIEW for everyone’, Dorling Kindersley
[Link], Pearson education, 1996.
[5]. PID theory explained. Available at [Link]
[6]. How to connect PNP and NPN sensors. Available at
[Link] of 10V [Link]

[Link] Page 113