Masonry Construction Techniques Manual
Translated by
ScribdTranslationsMasonry Construction Techniques Manual
Translated by
ScribdTranslationsKINGDOM OF MOROCCO
OFPPT
Office of Vocational Training and Employment Promotion
MANUAL OF PRACTICAL DESTRUCTION
MODULE: Realization of works in
Masonry
SECTOR: Construction
1ST YEAR COMMON TRONC
TS STRUCTURE
TS WORKS DRIVER
Site Chief Technician
TP
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July 22013
Document created by: [Link] MARZOUK Trainer at ISB
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the summary
I. MATERIALS FOR WORKS
SAND
b- CEMENT
c- MORTAR
d- BRICK
e- AGGLO
II. TOOLS
III. MATERIAL
IV. Wall of a half brick
1. But
2. Outllage
3. Material
4. Materials
5. execution
Wall straight in blocks
But
2. Outllage
3. Equipment
4. Materials
execution
VI. Corner wall in concrete blocks
But
2. Outllage
3. Equipment
4. Materials
execution
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I. MATERIALS OF WORKS
SABLE
Definition: It is a product resulting from the natural disintegration of stone.
siliceous (quartz) and/or flint (silicon), it consists of loose grains that do not have
no cohesion. Its purpose is to reduce the withdrawal and brittleness of the mortar caused by
the binder.
Types of sands
In certain rivers, where it is dredged, this sand is called: river sand or sand.
fluvial, it is composed of hard and rounded grains of all sizes, it is very pure
(washed by water).
In the sand pits, from where it must be extracted, this sand is called 'quarry sand'; it
was shaped by rivers in ancient times, containing clay particles,
the lemon and organic waste.
And in the sea, where it is dragged, this sand is called 'sea sand', it comes from rocks.
underwater or eroded cliffs; it is preferable to rinse this sand with fresh water
because it contains salts that are not harmful but can cause
efflorescences.
In the mountains, sand is called 'leaf sand', it has been carried away by the
vent
And it has settled against the slopes of the mountains and hills. The grain of this sand is
very fine and of regular dimension, which leads to a large percentage of voids
Consequently, it can only be used with a mixture of other kinds of sand.
b) CEMENT
Definition: Cements hold the top place among the binders used to bond the
solid materials such as sand, gravel, and stones. The birth of these products
resulted from the combination of silica, alumina, iron oxide, and lime.
Cement Manufacturing The diagram of cement manufacturing (FiB A) is the
following: crushing, grinding, and mixing of a clay material and a material
limestone. the mixture whose composition must be kept rigorously constant is
sent into a kiln where it is gradually heated up to the clinkering point
(combination and agglomeration in the form of pellets). The clinker falls, at the exit
from the kiln, in a cooler then it is mixed with a proportion of gypsum
carefully measured and finally ground into a fine powder that is then packaged.
the production of portland cement still follows this simplified scheme nevertheless they
may differ on certain points and in particular on the method of preparation of the
a mixture of clay and limestone that can be done by dry or wet method.
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c)
MORTAR
Definition: Mortars are obtained by a homogeneous mixture of an inert material:
the sand, with an active material: the binder, all mixed with a certain quantity
water.
Manufacturing of mortars:
Handcrafted:
First, using the shovel, mix the sand and binder dry as perfectly as possible.
possible and then form in the middle of the mixture a bowl that will receive the mixing water.
The mass is gradually moistened and then kneaded using a mortar robot.
However, it must be noted:
That the dry mix must be done carefully so that the binder is perfect.
distributed throughout the mass.
The water should be poured in several times, firstly for convenience and quality of the
mix, then because it's easy to add a little water while one cannot.
remove.
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Mechanical fabrication:
The production of mortars is done using machines called concrete mixers. For some
Concrete mixer models, the mix must be made dry, partly before introduction into the
mixing drum where it is properly moistened. Other concrete mixers do it themselves
the complete mixture: either introduced directly into the tumbler or into a bin,
the set of components of the mortar. The operation only lasts a few minutes,
it is much faster and less cumbersome than by hand.
Dosage:
d) BRICK
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Definition These are building elements made with clay obtained by
cooking and intended for the execution of masonry.
Different types of bricks.
Dimensions of common formats:
216 x 107 x 53 (mm)
250 x 125 x 65 (mm)
220 x 110 x 20 (mm)
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e) THE AGGLOMERATES
DefinitionThe aggregates are made up of an aggregate (heavy or light) of which the
Cohesion is ensured by a hydraulic binder. The aggregates are commonly referred to as
blocks or concrete bricks.
the characteristics of the agglomerates:
. Good mechanical strength
. Frost resistance
. Sufficient sound and thermal insulation
. Easy assembly, dimensions and weight allowing for easy work.
. The mechanical resistances as well as the required insulation characteristics must not
only to meet the requirements of the completed work, but also to allow the
Various handling and transport operations necessary for the realization.
The dosage and dimensions of the blocks
. For normal aggregates made using ordinary sands and gravels, the dosage
must be between 150 and 225 kg of cement per m3.
. The most common dimensions in Morocco are: Length: 40 cm, Height: 19 to 20
cm, Thickness: 10, 15 and 20 cm, they are also hollow
II. TOOLS
["level","plumb bob","small hammer","trowel","tape measure","square"]
III. MATERIAL
Mortar bowl, Profile
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BUT:
The half-brick device is used, among other things, for partition walls.
as well as for the facades covered with special facing bricks. The
bricks are laid in such a way that the vertical joint is offset by half
brick in relation to the joint of the lower seating.
TOOLING:
["trowel","water level","ruler","carpenter's pencil","square","folding tape measure"]
mason's line, carpenter's hammer, level ruler
MATERIAL:
Mortar cuvette, profiles
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MATERIALS:
Mortar; bricks
EXECUTION :
1) Establish the profiles and mark the seats
2) Stretch the cord between the profiles at the height of the first seat
3) Place the 1eraseat, check the verticality at the ends with the level
4) Cut the half-bricks and lay the 2 thand the 3thseated with crossing the
joints; always check the verticality at the ends
5) Ask the 4thsit and check the verticality with the plumb line
Masonry the other layers using the same procedure as the other layers.
SAFETY AND HYGIENE:
Caution, the masonry cords cannot become loops.
Do you regularly clean your tools at the end of each practical class?
Put the tools in order in the trunk?
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BUT:
The aim is to build an angle wall using the method of
3, 4, 5 to draw the return to be well squared
TOOLING:
["trowel","level","ruler","carpenter's pencil","square","foldable tape measure"]
mason's line, carpenter's hammer, level ruler
MATERIAL:
Mortar cuvette, profiles
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MATERIALS :
Mortar; concrete blocks
EXECUTION :
1) Trace the baseline alignment
Trace the return at 90°
3) Carry measures A and B
4) Place blocks 1, 2, and 3 perfectly level on top of each other.
(mason level)
5) Check the level and plumb of each of these blocks
6) Lay the intermediate blocks (thickness of the joints)
7) Adjust the alignment and the level of the 1erasitting while checking the squareness
8) Proceed in the same way for the other layers
Adjust the verticality and flatness of the other bases using the string.
lead and the rule
SAFETY AND HYGIENE:
Do you regularly clean your tools at the end of each practical class?
Put the tools in order in the trunk?
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BUT:
The goal is to build a straight wall with concrete blocks.
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TOOLING:
["trowel","water level","rule","pencil"] flexible, mason's line, hammer
the carpenter, square, tape measure carpenter, level rule
MATERIAL:
Mortar cuvette, profiles
MATERIALS :
Mortar; concrete blocks
EXECUTION :
1) Set the profiles
2) Bring the level on profiles with long-distance level
3) Mark the foundations and stretch the string for the 1ersession
4) Lay the extreme blocks 1 and 2
5) Lay the intermediate blocks 3
2 3 3 1
6) Check the horizontal and vertical alignment at the ends
7) Level the base with a ruler (alignment)
8) Cut the end half-blocks and lay the blocks
9) Check the alignment
10) Place the extreme half blocks of the 2.ème session
11) Check the horizontality and verticality of the same blocks afterwards.
Check the verticality in relation to the 1erasession
12) Lay the intermediate blocks and check the horizontal level and the
verticality simply with the ruler
13) Masonry the other courses
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SAFETY AND HYGIENE:
Do you regularly clean your tools at the end of each practical class?
Put the tools in order in the trunk?
DEFINITION:
It is a layer of mortar applied to brick masonry,
aggregates or blocks and also on concrete works.
BUT:
Cover the surfaces with a uniform layer
Protect structures with a waterproof layer
Give surfaces an aesthetic appearance
CONSTITUTION OF COATINGS:
Fat layer or gobetage: from 3 to 5 mm thick in rich mortar and
coarse hook servant
Background layer and leveling: from 15 to 20 mm in less mortar
richly dosed as for the 1eralayer
Finish layer: it can consist of a thin layer of
bastard mortar of a glacis with lime or plaster or by any other means
decorative-looking coating.
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APPLICATION OF THE COATING ON A WALL:
NOTE:
The markers that can be pieces of tiles are
removed gradually during the plastering.
The dressing between the bands is done horizontally from bottom to top.
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The troweling is done by a circular motion using the
sledgehammer
BUT:
It is to materialize on the ground the main lines of the construction.
TOOLING:
Trowel, level, ruler, pencil pliant, cordeau de maçon, marteau
from the carpenter, square, measuring tape carpenter, level rule
MATERIAL:
["spirit level","rubber level","double meter","double decameter"]
["strings","carpenter's square","claw hammer","mallet"]
MATERIALS:
Boards; rafters; nails; lime
EXECUTION :
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SAFETY AND HYGIENE:
Before starting the work, place a singing fence around it.
adequate signaling in accordance with current regulations.
Possibly install a lighting system on the singing fence.