Directed Work Electrical Machines

DIRECTED WORKS N°2: SYNCHRONOUS MACHINE

Exercise 1
A three-phase alternator, 1000 kVA, 4600 V, star connection, has a resistance per phase
equal to 2 and a synchronous resistance equal to 20 .
Under full load, find the e.m.f. developed under the following conditions: cos = 1 ; cos =
0.75 AR ; cos = 0.75 AV ; cos = 0.4 AV.

Exercise 2
A three-phase alternator with the stator windings connected in star provides, under load
nominal, a current of intensity I = 200 A under an effective voltage between phases U = 5000 V
when the load is inductive (cos = 0.87). The resistance of a stator winding is r =
0.02 The current frequency is 50 Hz, the rotation frequency is 250 rpm. The whole
The so-called 'constant' losses and Joule effect in the rotor are 220 kW.
J (A) 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
E (V) 0 1050 2100 3150 4200 5200 5950 6550 7000 7300 7500
E is the effective value of the electromotive force between phases and J is the intensity of the excitation current.
A short-circuit test yielded, for an excitation current of intensity J = 40 A, a current
in the windings of the stator with a current I = 2500 A.
What is the number of poles of the rotor?
2) Calculate the synchronous reactance of a stator winding (it will be assumed constant in
the rest of the problem).
3) The maximum flux under a pole being 0.025 Wb, the Kapp coefficient being 2.08 and the
The number of active conductors per phase is 1620, calculate the electromotive force between phases.
4) Using the synchronous reactance diagram, find this electromotive force between phases. What is it?
so what is the intensity of the excitation current?
5) Calculate the nominal power of the alternator and its efficiency.

Exercise 3
A three-phase alternator with a star-wired stator provides a voltage between phases.
Constant U = 2400 V, 50 Hz. The record of the characteristics at no load and short circuit is summarized.
below :
J (A) 0 0.5 1 1.5 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
E (V) 0 200 400 600 1200 1500 1660 1720 1760 1780 1790 1800
Icc (A) 0 400 800 1200
In this table, J represents the intensity of the excitation current, E is the phase voltage and
neutral, Icc is the intensity of the short-circuit current in the stator windings.
resistance between phase and neutral, measured hot, is 0.08 .
1) Plot the open-circuit characteristic (10 mm for 100 V, 15 mm for 1 A).
2) The rotor rotates at 150 RPM. What is the number of poles?
3) Calculate the impedance of a stator winding (assumed constant synchronous reactance).
The alternator delivers 1000 A in an inductive circuit with a power factor of 0.8.
a/Determine graphically the emf of the alternator between phase and neutral.
Deduce the value to be given to the excitation current.
Calculate the losses due to Joule effect in the stator.

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The alternator tested at no load, under the normal excitation determined in b), absorbs 100 kW.
understood the power necessary for excitation.
What is the efficiency of the alternator under normal operating conditions (1000 A, cos =
0.8)

Exercise 4
A single-phase alternator (unsaturated magnetic circuit), having the following characteristics:
Tension d'induit U = 380 V, fréquence f = 60 Hz, vitesse de rotation N = 900 tr/min, résistance
of induced r = 0.02 .
When the excitation current is 9 A, the open circuit voltage is equal to 420 V. Additionally, for a
With an excitation current of 5 A, the alternator delivers a short-circuit current of 307 A.
Determine the number of poles of the alternator.
2) Determine the synchronous reactance using the Behn-Eshenburg diagram.
3) The power factor of the installation being 0.9, find the electromotive force to have for U = 380 V and
I = 120 A.
4) Deduce the corresponding excitation current (assuming that the E(J) curve is linear
between 380 and 450 V.
5) The rotor consumes a current of 5 A under a voltage of 17 V, and the constant losses are
equal to 700 W.
Calculate for the conditions of questions 3 and 4, the useful power as well as its efficiency.

Exercise 5
A three-phase alternator, star connection of 20 kVA, 220 V, 50 Hz. At synchronous speed,
we conducted the following tests:
Idle operation:
E(V) 39 76 106 115 121 125 130 132 135 141 148
J(A) 1.0 2.0 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.5 6.0 7.0 9.0 11.5
- Operation in three-phase short circuit: Icc = 30 A ; Jcc= 4 A
Operation in rear dewatted current: Id= 52 A ; Jd= 16.2 A ; Vd= 124 V.
The resistances of the stator windings are negligible.
1) Draw the open circuit characteristic with a scale of 10 V/cm and 1 A/cm.
Determine the elements and of the potter's diagram.
3) The alternator powers a balanced three-phase resistive load under a voltage of U = 220 V and
A current I = 50 A. Determine the value of the necessary excitation current J.1.
4) The alternator now supplies 3 identical coils of pure inductance, connected in star.
under a voltage U = 220 V.
The excitation is maintained at its value J1determined in (1). Determine the inductance L of
each spool.
For this, we will determine for certain values of the current I the corresponding values of
excitation current required and we can deduce the value of L.

Exercise 6
We have a small salient pole alternator whose nameplate bears the
following indications: 4 kW; cos 0.8 AR; 220/380 V; 13.1/7.6 A; 1500 RPM; 50 Hz.
The alternator being connected in star configuration, we recorded at nominal speed:
The empty characteristic E(J), related to a phase:

E (V) 0 84 160 216 244 264 278 289 297 302 305
J (A) 0 0,1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1

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The balanced short-circuit characteristic I cc(J) which is a line passing through the origin and through
the point : Icc= 10 A, Jcc = 0.73 A.
In a wattless essay: Vd= 224 V (simple tension), Id= 7.6 A, Jd= 1 A.
In the slip test, with an open inductive circuit, for a terminal voltage of 60 V, the
The effective current per phase varies between 0.56 A and 1.10 A.
The resistance of a winding of the stator measured hot is: R = 0.9 .
The empty characteristic E(J) will be plotted with the scale as follows: 12 V/cm and 0.06 A/cm.
I-Determination of constants:
1) Give the values of the short-circuit ratio k ccand the longitudinal synchronous reactance xs
deduced from open-circuit and short-circuit tests.
2) Determine the values of the Potier coefficients and .
3) What are the values of the unsaturated transverse and longitudinal reactances x?trand xl
deduced from the sliding test?
II-Calculation of the inducing current at nominal operating conditions:
1) Determine the excitation current J under nominal operating conditions using the method of the
synchronous reactance.
What value of the excitation current J would we have found using the Potier diagram?
3) By drawing a Blondel diagram, determine the excitation current J needed to
normal operation. Record the value of the angle of internal phase shift.

Exercise 7
In order to raise the Mordey curves, a small alternator is connected to the 220/380 V network.
three-phase with nominal characteristics: 10 kVA, 220/380 V, 1500 rpm, 50 Hz. The machine
is not saturated. Its resistance and synchronous reactance per phase are respectively R =
0.5 and x = 1.5 .
The network is considered of infinite power and its measured composite voltage is 378 V.
At the moment of coupling, the voltage across the alternator terminals is shifted by 30° electrical in
back on that of the network and is worth 381 V.
Calculate the current demand and the power demand caused by this false maneuver.

Exercise 8
A three-phase synchronous machine has the following characteristics: 23 kVA, 127/220 V, 50
Hz, 1500 rpm.
The resistance of a stator winding is R = 0.19 .
The no-load characteristic recorded at 1500 rpm:
E (V) 86.6 160 214 220 234 260 268 278 291
J (A) 1 2 3.5 3.8 4.5 7 8 10 15
The short-circuit characteristic gives for Jcc= 6 A to an armature current Icc60 A.
In operation as an alternator at 1500 rpm with a balanced three-phase load
purely inductive, we measured Ud= 216.5 V ; Id= 50 A ; Jd= 11.5 A.
I-Operation in isolated alternator:
1) Determine the parameters and of the potter's model (one will find = 0.09 and 0.5 ).
2) Determine the excitation current for a flow of 60 A with U = 220 V and cos 0.8
AR.
II-Operation in synchronous motor:
We neglect the resistance R of an armature winding in front of the synchronous reactance.
1) Determine the synchronous reactance x corresponding to an excitation J = 10 A. We will keep
this value for the continuation of the problem.
2) The machine operates in synchronous compensator at no load (P = 0). Determine the current.
debited by the network when the excitation is set to 10 A.

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3) Calculate the capacitance of one of the three identical capacitors, which are connected in a triangular arrangement.
same network, provides the same reactive power Q.
4) The excitation is always set to 10 A. The motor is now driving a compressor that
he opposes a resistant couple Cr= 72 Nm. It is assumed that the efficiency of the synchronous motor is
0.95; Determine the current absorbed by the motor.
What value should be given to the excitation for the motor driving the compressor?
provides the same reactive power as in question II-3).
The compressor's resistant torque increases by 60% of its previous value. We adjust
The excitation so that the motor does not engage any reactive power. Determine the value.
the excitation current as well as the current supplied by the network.

Exercise 9
The nameplate of a synchronous motor includes the following indications: 10 kVA;
127/220 V; 50 Hz; 1500 rpm.
Maximum current in the polar wheel Jmax= 20 A.
The no-load characteristic related to a phase is given for 1500 rpm:
E (V) 0 3.5 5 8.5 10 15 20
J (A) 0 65 87 127 140 171 190
For the short-circuit test, we recorded: Icc= 52 A ; Jcc= 15 A.
1) Deduce the synchronous reactance x for J = 10 A and J = 20 A.
For the continuation of the problem, we will use the following assumptions: x = 3 and the resistance of a
stator winding R << x.
2) Connected to the 220 V/50 Hz network and decoupled from its load (Pu= 0), the engine absorbs 1.27
kW and provides a reactive power to the grid equal to 5 kVAR.
a/Provide the apparent power S at the terminals of the motor. Deduce the stator current.
b/Draw the corresponding vector diagram for this operation (we will take as scale
10 V/cm). Deduce the current in the polar wheel.
3) The reactive power provided by the motor remains equal to 5 kVAR and the losses consumed
In this one, they are evaluated at 1 kW.
a/Calculate the maximum torque of the load applied to the motor shaft and corresponding to a
stator current I = Inominal .
Deduce from the vector diagram related to this operation, the new value of the current.
in the polar wheel.
Deduce also the 'mechanical' internal angle defined by the angular deviation between the wheel axis.
polar and the axis of the resulting field.

Exercise 10
We have a synchronous motor with 8 poles, powered by a 3800 V network at 50 Hz.
the rated power of the engine is Pn= 165 kW and it can support a maximum current Imax =
50 A. The resistance of the armature, the magnetic losses, and the mechanical losses are assumed
negligible. The no-load characteristic measured between terminals at nominal speed goes through the
following points :
J (A) 0 0.5 0.9 1.15 1.5 2 3 4
E (V) 0 2000 3200 4000 4800 6000 8000 10000
The winding mounted in star, with a synchronous reactance per phase assumed constant equal to 65.8 .
The engine operates under these optimal excitation conditions (cos It is crossed by a
current that is equal to half of the maximum current. Determine:
1) The emf between terminals as well as the inducing current.
The absorbed power Pa.

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The useful couple.

The angle of internal offset , we will specify its sign.
The engine operates at its constant power equal to the nominal power.
1) Knowing that /2 et I Imaxusing a signed diagram, specify the two points
corresponding to the limiting operations.
2) Determine for these operations the intensity of the absorbed current, the excitation current and
the power factor.
3) For cos ["0.6 AR; 0.8 AR; 1; 0.8 AV; 0.6 AV and 0.5 AV."]
Determine the induced current I and the excitation current J. Then plot I = f(J).
III-When the engine absorbs I = Imaxunder its nominal power, what are the capabilities of
capacitors mounted in a triangle on the grid that can provide the same amount of
reactive power that the engine?
IV- We associate the synchronous motor with a system consuming a power P.1600 kW under
cos 10.6 AR that we wish to improve. What will be the new power factor cos 2of
the entire installation plus synchronous motor? The latter operates at its rated power
and with its maximum intensity.

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