MECHANISM FOR CONVERTING MOTION

1. The crank-slider mechanism

Capturing attention - the operation of the single-cylinder engine (fig 1) is presented in which
component within a crank-slider mechanism.

Fig 1

1.1 General Concepts

Depending on the intended purpose, this mechanism can achieve the following transformations:
Alternative translation of motion into continuous rotational motion (internal combustion engines fig 1);
continuous rotational motion into alternating translational motion (compressors, pumps, presses).

It is being done
in two variant
constructive
-deviated, having axis
the rotation of the crank
displaced see you
eccentricity e
daughterof the direction
Fig 2
of the guideDB(fig2a);

-axat, when the eccentricity is zero (fig 2 b).

The elements from fig 2 :
1 - crank
2 - white;
3 – piston.
 1.2 Constructive elements

For the mechanism

from figure 3:
1 - piston
Fig 3 2 - piston rod;
3 - crossroads head;
4 - slide;
5 - cylinder;
6 - white;
7 - crank of the tree
cotit ;
8 - warehouses;
9 - steering wheel;
10 - segments.
The elements can be grouped into fixed elements and mobile elements.
The mobile elements are:
-the piston;
-white;
crank.
The fixed elements:
the cylinder ;
the garage on the car's battery.
Figure 4 shows the crank-link mechanism of a steam engine:
1 - cylinder;
2 - piston rod;
3 - intersection head;
4 - steering wheel; Fig 4
5 - railing;
6 – white;
7 - white;

1.3 White (fig 5)

The functional role of transmitting forces from
the piston the crank or vice versa.
Bielele are made from resistant materials
fatigue and high tear resistance: OL 50 B,
OL 60 B, OLC 35, OLC 45, hotels affiliated with Cr, Ni,
Me.
The requests that are subject to the letters:
flambaj; Fig 5
understanding
bending
tiredness.
 1.4 The piston (fig 6)
Arelolude is to define the workspace, to guide and to transmit during the movement of the component.
normal to the direction of movement towards the walls of the cylinder.

The materials used for making the pistons will have the following
properties :
resistance to fatigue;
resistance to high temperatures;
resistance to wear, etc.
The most commonly used are aluminum alloys.

Fig 6

Feedback
1. Specify the components of the mechanism in the image:

crank
2 - white
3 - piston

2. Choose the correct name for each mechanism and explain the meaning of the notation 'e'.

Fig a
Fig b
Fig a - crank-slider mechanism
Fig b - crank mechanism with offset connecting rod.
e- eccentricity = the distance between the axis of rotation of the crank and the direction of the guideDB.

3. Choose from the list of materials those that can be used for making the blanks:
gray cast iron with nodular graphite, quality laminated steel, aluminum alloys, bronze, alloy steel
plastic materials, wood, natural rubber.

4. Choose from the list of materials those that can be used in the manufacturing of pistons:
aluminum alloys, Cr-Ni alloys.
 2. The mechanism with oscillating slider

The role of this mechanism is to transform the circular motion of the driving element into
alternative translational motion of the driven element.
The principle of operation is shown in fig
7: the sliding stone 2 receives movement from a
the toothed crown performs a circular motion
uniform around the joint A, through
0 the means of
Culisa 3 is trained by the stone of
it hinges 2 and oscillates at one end around
articulation B0and with the other one puts in motion
the driven element C. It will perform the movement
the main (C is a nut whose movement of
rotation is transformed into translational motion
of a screw with which it is conjugated).
The mechanism is made in two variants.
constructive principle

Fig 7

a) crank-slider oscillating mechanism (e.g., seping mechanisms) - fig 8;

b) the crank-slider mechanism (e.g. rotary cylinder engines) - fig 9.

Fig 9
Fig 8

1 - crank
2 - sliding stone;
3 - slide
A0, B0joints
In the first variant, the two extreme positions of the slide are symmetrical, the slide having a movement
oscillating.
In the second variant, the curtain rotates permanently in the same direction.
 3. The ratchet mechanism
The functional role of obtaining intermittent rotational movements (the forward movement from some
machine tools).

The lever is a (1) articulated lever at one end and has the other
profiled head, so that, penetrating between the teeth of a gear wheel (2) to
prevent its rotation in a certain direction (fig 10).

Fig 10
Operating principle:

The toothed wheel (5) has a rotational movement, imparted by

crank (1) through the connecting rod (2) and the rocker arm (3).
The movement will be interrupted by the click (6) that rotates freely.
around a joint fixed with the balancer (3).
The locking latch (7) is a safety element.
against the accidental change of rotation direction.
Întregul mecanism se sprijina pe elementul fix (4) –
I will.
It is used in some special displacement mechanisms
with a very short race. He is driven to push a
Fig 11
then, stepping back, it trains the next one
tooth, repeating the motion. In this way, the gear or
The rack moves step by step.

4. The Maltese cross mechanism

Functional role: obtaining an intermittent rotational movement (for training devices
tip 'dispenser' in the chemical industry.

Operating module (fig 12): the driving wheel (1) is

rotates with a constant angular velocity. The driven element (2) has
the form of the Maltese cross. The steering wheel and the Maltese cross are
mount on parallel shafts. The driven element has 4 radial grooves,
set at 90° where the pin (C) enters one by one. For each
the displacement of the pin results in a quarter rotation of the driven element
(2).

Fig 12
 5. The cam mechanism
They are used to transform the rotational, translational, or oscillatory motion of the cam into a
either rectilinear or oscillatory movement of the tachometer.
The profiled conductor element, which transmits the controlled element called tacheto.
determinate motion, which unfolds according to a law given by the cam profile.

Fig 15
Fig 13 Fig 14

Figure 13 shows the mechanism that transforms the rotational motion of the cam into motion.
vertical alternative rectilinear of the tachometer. The tachometer is equipped with a roll R, which transforms friction
of slip in rolling friction.
Figure 14 shows the mechanism with the oscillatory motion of the stilt, while figure 15 shows the mechanism
with a translation bed and oscillating bracket.
Usage: valve control in internal combustion engines, elements of fuel injection pumps
with items in line etc.

6. Screw-nut mechanism
6.1 General concepts

It consists of a screw (power screw) and a nut.

This mechanism falls into the specified category due to its advantages:
achieving a slow movement;
high load capacity in the case of small dimensional sizes;
constructive simplicity.
The disadvantages are:
losses due to friction
low efficiency at high speeds.
Areas of use:
-cranes (lifting tasks) ;
-screw press (fig 16)
machine tools;
-adjustment displacement (fig 17);
-micrometre (precise displacement of division fig 18).
 Fig16
1 - mounting system
2 - fillet fish
3 - material subject to processing

Fig 18

Fig 17

For high-precision movements, the following are required:

finely sliced fillet
rectangular profile fillet;
filet with a large step, in case of harsh working conditions (environment with impurities, significant demands).

6.2 Constructive variant

Ø Rotating screw movable by translation and fixed nut (simple jacks fig 19);
 Fig 19

Ø Telescopic construction with two screw-nut pairs for increasing the stroke;
Ø Differential threaded screws (with two threads in the same direction, but with different pitches). At a
The single rotation of the screw, the moving assembly moves a distance equal to the difference.
among the filets, the difference can be very small;
Ø Transmissions where the motion by sliding friction is replaced by friction through
rostogolire (fig 20) ;

Fig 20

Ø Two-rod transmissions with different threads (fig 21);

Fig 21
 Ø Open transmissions with a single rod and right-left thread (fig 22).

Fig 22

7. Rack and pinion mechanism

This gear assembly is composed of a cylindrical toothed wheel and a toothed bar or rack.
called rack.
Usually, the rack is fixed and the gear wheel rolls straight.
The system is a particular case of cylindrical gears, where one of the wheels has a radius
infinite of the sea.
When the gear rotates, the rack will undergo translational motion.
along it.
Sometimes, the gear is replaced with a screw, resulting in the screw mechanism -
rack.
Figure 23 shows a rack and pinion mechanism used in the planing machine.

Fig 23

Installation conditions (fig 24)

primitive line AA’ the cremaliera should be tangent to the primitive circle of radius R of the gear
with acre engages;
it respects the distance between the axis of the toothed wheel and the rack during movement;
to ensure the parallelism between the axis of the gear wheel and the axis of the rack teeth.

Fig 24

The rack and pinion is used in the case of machine tools with linear motion, in
the construction of steering systems, laboratory equipment (microscopes).