Operating system

Windows
The Windows operating system

The operating system is the software component that ensures

the functioning of the computer.
This is the one that connects (the interface) the user, hardware and
the programs from the computer.
Windows is a very intuitive operating system, offering a
pleasant graphical interface, the possibility to launch programs
by touch or with the mouse; it also offers the possibility to
work simultaneously with multiple programs etc.
The launch of the Windows operating system.
Using the mouse

The launch of the Windows operating system

The launch of the Windows system does not require any special actions;
it is enough to turn on the computer and the system launches
automatic. In certain cases, the system will require indication
the user's username and password.
Using the mouse
Windows presents information through images and icons,
so that applications can be easily activated. The mouse
(the small mouse) is a small device that connects to
calculator, with two or more buttons.
The mouse pointer, which usually has the shape of
a white oblique arrow changes its appearance depending on
the place of placement and the action or function that is performed.
The working area of the Windows operating system

The launch of the Windows system concludes with the display

on the desktop working surface - the screen
of editing - the background on which the windows appear and
The work surface contains pictograms.
(Icons) represent graphic symbolizations of different
Windows objects, with text at the bottom
explanatory, label material. Content of the labels,
for most icons, it can be modified.
We can also add new icons,
remove some icons that we no longer have
need, change their placement on the surface of
work, etc.
Work surface

Pictogram Label

The Start Button Just launched The buttons Operation bars

fast active applications
Working surface

The work surface is organized in such a way that the majority

frequently used commands to be accessible during the process of
work. The work surface contains icons.
they represent graphic symbols of different Windows objects,
having at the bottom an explanatory text, called a label.
The content of the labels for most pictograms can
it modified.
The taskbar is a bar located along
the lower part of the screen, which displays the Start menu and lists
applications (icons) and documents released in
execution. It can be left visible or hidden, it can be
displaced from its initial location.
The Start button placed on the operating panel provides quick access to
applications (programs), documents, preset parameters,
thematic Help and much more. The button activates (opens)
the basic menu of the Windows system.
Work area

My Computer window contains icons that

they represent the disk units of the system, files, and folders
(the directories) of the computer, the control panel (Control Panel) and
the printer files. The disks are labeled with the help of a letter
the letters of the Latin alphabet, followed by the sign ':'. The units of
flexible discs are marked with A: and B:, while fixed discs can be marked
for C:, D:, E:, etc. CD ROM units are assigned the letter that
follows after the last letter that indicates a fixed disk unit. For to
the content of a disc is displayed by double-clicking on it
this pictogram.
Network Neighborhood is a window that
displays network computers, allows shared use
the sharing of computers, printers, and other devices with
the users of the local network you are connected to.
The trash can (Recycle Bin) is used for storing objects.
excluded. If necessary, these items can be restored.
The appearance of the work surface depends on how it was
configure the Windows system, of the changes made by the user
în procesul personalizării sistemului.
Types of pictograms

The pictograms represent graphic symbols of different objects.

Windows. Types of icons:
Pictograms for representing folders, files, devices
(disk units, printers), commands and options from the bars with
tools, applications, quick access commands ('shortcuts')
(Shortcut) - pictograms that contain references to other objects
Windows (programs, folders and documents). The user can
change the graphical appearance of the icons. Activating (deactivating)
The pictogram is activated by clicking on its surface or on the
associated text. Detailed information about the selected object can be found
Properties of the contextual menu of the icon.
Double-clicking on the icon's surface can
have different effects, depending on the type of icon: icons
what represents programs (applications, commands) - launching (executing)
of these programs (commands); the icons that represent documents-
opening the respective document within the application; icons
of the group or a file - we obtain their content, shortcuts -
activation of the associated object.
The mouse (the little mouse)

The mouse (the little mouse) is a small device that

connect to the computer, with two or more
buttons. In Windows OS, only the button is used.
left and right mouse button.
Usually, the mouse pointer is shaped
a set of white oblique arrows. Depending on the placement location
and the action that is executed by the mouse pointer its
modify the form.
The mouse (the little mouse)

– usual form;
obtaining assistance and help information;
-execution, another command can be launched;
Execution, no other command can be launched;
the cutting out of a graphic object;
text cursor (indicator);
forbidden operation;
vertical resizing;
horizontal resizing;
– vertical/horizontal resizing;
– horizontal/vertical resizing;
-the movement of the object;
Context menu. Properties box

Detailed information about the represented object

pictograms can be obtained by executing a
right-click on the surface and select
the Properties option from the contextual menu
icon. Execute Shift+F10 for
displaying the contextual menu or Alt+Enter
for displaying the window with properties.
The user can change some properties
of the objects, selecting and modifying
the respective options.
Window maneuvering

Elementulesenţial de afişareîn SO Windows este

[Link] on the work surface - areas
rectangles on the screen that contain folders, files,
documents, dialog boxes, messages, etc.
Multiple windows can be displayed on the screen, possibly
total or partial overlaps. Each window belongs to a
applications. The window that is above, in which it appears
the cursor and clicked in advance, is the active one (has
(focus). Activating/deactivating a window is done
by a simple click of the mouse (or
Alt+Tab; Alt+Shift+Tab; Alt+Esc.
Window maneuvering

By double-clicking the title bar of a window, we can maximize it.

restabilishes the previous dimensions of a window. Also,
quick launch bar, which is on the left
on the operations bar, there is a button designed for maximizing or
minimizing all windows simultaneously.
With the help of the mouse, the active window can be moved.
resized. To do this, the mouse pointer is placed at
una dintre margini, se lasă pînă cînd cursorul îşi schimbă forma,
after which, with the mouse button pressed, the window is resized
upon request. The suspension is achieved either by overlaying it with a
another window of another application, feminizing the window
respective.
All Windows programs (applications) released, the buttons of which
are represented in the operation bar are active, regardless of whether
Their windows are displayed on the working surface or are minimized.
The button of the active window in the taskbar is highlighted.
Window manipulation

There are two types of windows: application (of

application windows
every time we launch into execution a
application (a program). Document windows can
it appeared only within application windows. Some
application windows can contain multiple windows
the document, others– only a single one. In the last
since the document window matches the window of
application. Finally, there is a third category of
application windows that do not contain any window
the document.
The components of a window

1 2 3 7 456
1. The menu button
System
8 [Link] bar
Menu bar
9 4. Minimize button
5. Button of
maximize/restoration
10 [Link] button
[Link] bar;
[Link] buttons on
horizontal/vertical
9. Acsensor vertical/
horizontal
10. The content of the window
11. Status bar
11
The components of a window

The title bar contains the window title, the System menu button and
the three buttons for minimizing, maximizing, and closing the window;
The System menu button (Control menu box) that is activated
by clicking on the icon placed in the top left corner
of the window (of application or document) (Alt+Space);
Menu bars. Most windows contain menu bars.
the length of the upper part of the window that displays the menus
available (Alt, F10). Each menu contains associated commands between
he;
Minimize button_));
Maximize button));
Close button ));
Restore button ));
Toolbar;
Scroll buttons horizontally/vertically , , , );
scroll-bar for vertical scrolling (vertical ascensor);
scroll-bar for horizontal scrolling (horizontal scrollbar);
bar of strength;
the actual content of the window.
Window maneuvering

Windows is a multitasking medium - (almost) simultaneously it

Run multiple programs. Each application has its own window.
User actions, for example, inputting commands
keyboard shortcuts refer to the active window, the title bar of
this is highlighted by a dark color and is flat
always in the foreground, above the other windows; while
the title bar of the window often becomes inactive due to opened color
(pane). At any moment, only one of the windows can be active.
and all the others - inactive. In other words, surfaces of things
(Desktop) three-dimensional aesthetics are arranged like windows
a stack of documents on a desk. At any moment each
window can look taxable on the surface, being activated by executing
click on the surface, or by clicking the application button
respective in the area of operations.
Note: The color of the title bar can be changed: Start\Settings\Control Panel\Display\Appearance\Advanced,
the box that will be displayed allows you to select the desired colors (Classic Style Windows) for the active or inactive title bar,
etc.
System menu

On the left side of the title of each window,

on the title bar, there is the icon
the system menu, which represents
a reduced copy of the icon
aplicaţ[Link] de sistemconţine
window control commands:
Restore
Move
Size
Minimize(Minimizare),Maximize
(Maximizare),Close(Închidere).
Opening of the system menu
Alt+Space, closing - Alt or
Esc.
Note: The menu color can be changed:
Start"}Settings""Control Panel""Display""Aspect""Complex, in
the box that will be displayed you can select the desired colors (Style
classicWindows) for Menu, etc.
The components of a window

_));
Arranging the windows on the workspace

Arranging the windows on

the surface of the thing can be
carried out in several ways
different. Indicate towards a
region from the taskbar
which do not contain a
button to display time
button
right of the mouse. From
quick menu select
Cascade for
a poster window in a
in an orderly manner; to
orange windows direction
horizontal or vertical
respectively choose tile
HorizontallysauTile
Vertically.
Closing the window

To close any of the document windows within

in an application window, we execute the command Closed in the menu
System (sometimes also from File) or we press the button (To
save the file, execute the command Save or Save As from the menu
File.
Closing the active application window can also be done by
pressing the Alt+F4 key combination, and of the document window
-by pressing the Ctrl+F4 key combination.
Minimizing and closing an application window represents
two different actions.
A window can be closed by double-clicking on the box.
The menu system will cause the window to disappear from the screen.
the application that was closed and the respective button will disappear from the bar
of operations.
Note: Copies of programs that are not used occupy memory.
operational and slow down the running of other programs.
Using the menus

An important component of the Windows operating system

the menu bar. The menu bar, located just below the bar
title, it can include different menus both by their number, as well
and by content. The menus allow us to communicate
with the system.
A menu becomes active when a click is executed on the name
menu. At this moment a new window appears with a list of
options, specific to the dialogue, that allows the user to
choose an action from several possible ones. For different
applications, menus with the same name may have lists of
different options. The associated commands are organized in
menus to facilitate their finding. Common features of
lists of options:
The selected option from the option lists is highlighted by a
a pronounced colored horizontal bar.
2. The menu commands, which are pale in color, cannot be executed.
At the moment, clicking on them has no effect.
Using menus

3. If two or more
consecutive options of
the menu items exclude each other
(that is, only one of them can)
they have in front each a
white circle. The presence of a point
green inside one of
circumferentially systematizes the regime
active of the respective options. To
choosing another option from the set
respectively, the black dot is
place inside the circle
disappearing from the cell
precedent.
Using menus

4. Presentation of the sign after

the option name signifies
in-depth development of the option
respective; it is selected at her
scroll a list of sub-options,
placed in a rectangular layout.
5. The presence of a check ( ) on the left
the option signifies the active regime
option. The repeated selection of a
similar options sign α
disappears/appears, and her regime becomes
inactive/active.
[Link] of the ellipsis
(...)after the name of the option
it signifies the opening, following
selection, a unique dialogue box,
List of sub-options for the command in which we specify different parameters
Arrange icons in the menu of work.
contextual on the work surface.
Using menus

7. The presence on the right edge of the options list of

the names of keys or key combinations test
the possibility of launching orders into execution with the help of
indicated buttons, without activating the respective menu.
8. Selecting an option from the menu can also be done by
the keyboard pressing the underlined letters in the name
options (for example, to select the Tool Box option)
9. Horizontal separators that separate certain commands,
certifies the belonging of these commands to groups with functions
similar.
10. To close a menu (cancel any action),
we click outside the list or press the Esc key.
Also, when executing a right-click on the icon
a contextual menu is displayed on the screen for an object
(Shift+F10) (this type of menu can be called:menus
contextual, dynamic, operational, hidden, etc.). The menus
contextual to different option lists depending on the object
over which the mouse pointer indicates.
Dialog box

To display different on the screen

communications, control parameters,
Windows applications display on the screen
special windows, called cases of
The dialog boxes contain
options with which you can
communicate with the Windows system.
Dialogues appear when it is
user intervention is necessary in
the work of SO or a program with the purpose of
selection or change of some parameters,
the working regime of a program,
when the user needs to make a decision
regarding the continuation of work on a
program, the actions that will follow.
The dialogue boxes contain different
special elements of guidance and control:
overlapping submenus, buttons for
options, drop-down lists, check boxes
validate, text boxes, buttons of
order.
Dialog box

The dialog boxes have a size

fixed, cannot be minimized or
maximize (the respective buttons)
(missing). This is done.
for all the elements of
the controls are displayed on the screen.
They are very widespread in
Windows, it darkens the screen
in the most diverse situations: at
selection from a menu of a
options contain points of
suspension (for example, in the window
My Computer, the selectaţimeniul
View, select, choice details.
This command followed by dots
suspension leads to occasion
dialog).
Dialog box

The functions performed and the appearance of the boxes

Dialogs are very diverse, but they have common elements.
are treated in a similar way. In any dialog box, on
along with other control elements, there is the OK button with the help of
What may close the dialog box. As long as it
the dialog box is open, you cannot continue a
action, if you accept the changes by choosing OK, or
Cancel the dialog box by pressing the Esc key. A command to
quick access for accepting changes in the box of
dialog password entry. To cancel the box of
dialog seapasătastaEsc.
Dialog boxes. The main types of boxes
dialog

Warning and confirmation boxThese boxes appear, from

rule, following some incorrect actions of the user or of
communication failures can lead to information loss
example, the dialog box that appears in the case of closing a
documentWordwithoutpriorinformationstorage.
In accordance with the pursued goal, the user will act.
button Yes, to accept the proposed changes of the box
de dialog,No–în caz contrar sauCancel -pentru a inchide
dialog box. The actions described above can be executed
The bird tastes for the option Yes, not for No, and
Esc - for Cancel. Also, pressing the button
contour (for example Yes) can be made and through the bird
tasteiEnter.
Drop-down lists

Selection list boxes. In

These boxes display a list of
options from which the user can
choose one or more options
(or none). Select option
clicking on it (Blanc), will
a validation sign () that
the active state of the option
respective. To act one or
more options within a
group. With the help of the keys ↑, ↓, Tab
you can move up or down
already in the options list. After selection
options horse section OK for
confirm or cancel for
renunciation. Confirmation of options
can it be done through the bird
enter, the renunciation - through
pressing the Esc key.
Elimination option boxes

Eliminatory coupon boxes.

These boxes contain lists with
the names of different regimes in
The part of the meadow that is filled with rain
white round buttons that can
it contains a black dot then
when they are selected. These
the boxes are different from the boxes
describe above by the fact that
the options they contain
exclude reciprocity. You can choose only
a single option in a group of
options. Clicking on the circle
from the option point
black moves in this
circle, disappearing from the previous one,
deselecting the previous option.
Inserts with text

Text insertion boxes. These boxes require input.

by the user of a text (file name, text sequence
followed by a search within a document etc.).
The necessary text is entered in the insertion field instead of
text cursor flashes. After entering the text, it
presses or selects the confirm button
dialog boxes (usually, OK, but can be the others: Yes,
Start, Next, Apply, Save, Open, etc.
Boxes with scroll buttons

Tape with rewind buttons.

these boxes option selection
face through some buttons in
arrow shape or triangle (5,6).
You can also enter some
measurable values, such as size
points for letter bodies
etc. The operation of the buttons
the list on the side scrolls the values
possible options of which a
We appeal to the decision-maker, confirming
this by pressing the button
OK. If to the right of a field of
the dialogue cassette is present
button triangle ( ), then
we can modify the values (numerical)
but the field through the archery of arrows
respective (irregular, up - for
increase, down - for decrease.
Laminated boxes

The layered tapes were more

multiple overlapped files. In the part
superior to such boxes
from the dialog there are some labels that
the files that meet
the control elements that ensure
certain function. To pass
about the content of a file
(submenu) execute click on
this. By pressing the consecutive-
the vouchers are tastefully presented
different fields of the window of
dialog, and through the return of the masters
you can live from withering
the high. Pressing the Alt key
combination with underlined letter from
the text associated with the respective field,
you can go directly to any of
the window fields.
Dialog box

In many dialog boxes in

top-right, next to the button of
close the button
with the help of which you can receive
information supplementary
regarding the use
control elements of
dialog boxes. For example,
click on the button
the mouse pointer will
obtain information. Execute
click to display the information
explanatory. On the screen there will be
the helpful information is displayed.
Click execution anywhere
dialogue boxes and the information
helper will disappear.
Taste operative

The launch of many commands can also be done by pressing

some key combinations, without opening the menus from
what these commands belong to. For example, to
execute commandCopy in the menuEdit is enough to
we pressed the key combination Ctrl+c (in case of combinations
the first of the specified keys is pressed down, and
then press the second button briefly). The key combinations
I am also called hotkeys or shortcut keys.
Keys). In general, the operational key combinations are
available in multiple system applications of
operateWindows, having the same effect.
The table below presents the most commonly used
operational key combinations.
 Taste operative
The key combination The action

Ctrl+c (Ctrl+ Ins) Cutting and copying the selected object to the clipboard

Ctrl+v (Shift+Ins) Pasting the clipboard content in the indicated place

Ctrl+s Saving the active document

Ctrl+a Selecting the entire content of

document; Selecting all objects
Ctrl+o Opening an existing document in the active application

Ctrl+n Opening a new document in the active application

Ctrl+z Cancellation of the previous order

(Alt+Backspace)
Taste operative
The key combination The action

Ctrl+arrows, Home, End Switching to the icons of the objects in a folder without
to have the object selected

Ctrl+space Cancellation of selection

Ctrl+Alt+Del Call the dialog boxClose Program

Ctrl+Esc Opening the main menu Start

F1 Calling the assistance and help program

F2 Renaming the selected object

Taste operative

F3, Ctrl+F The Find program (Finding files and folders) is activated.
for the current file
F4 The list 'Transfer to another file' opens if the bar is installed.
of the instruments. Upon repeated pressing, the list closes
F5 The content of the window is updated; the regime is canceled.
selection
F6 Select the list 'Transfer to another file' if it is installed
tool bar. On repeated pressing the list closes
F10, Ctrl+F10 Select the first command from the menu bar (corner of
left)
Alt+Enter Displaying the properties of the selected object. Transitioning applications
DOS in window mode in full display mode
the screen and the reverse

Alt+double-click Display the properties of the selected object

Alt+F4 a) closing the active application b) displaying the Shut dialog box
Shut down Windows (completing work with the Windows system)
Taste operative
Alt+Tab Switching between active applications

Alt+Esc Switching to the next active application's button, if it hasn't

it had to be minimized

Alt+space Activating the control panel

Alt+minus Activating the control box of the active application

Alt Choosing the first item on the menu

Alt+underlined letter Activating a corresponding command from the menu. Of

example, consecutiveness Alt+f+s (File menu, submenu)
Save) activates the command Save from the File menu
Taste operative
Shift+F10 Displaying the contextual menu

Shift+Alt+Tab Switching to the previous active application

Shift+Del Deleting the selected item without putting it in the basket.

papers (permanent deletion)

Tab Moving on to the next parameter, group of parameters or

the next field of the dialog window

Shift+Tab Switching to the previous parameter, group of parameters or

the previous button

Esc Canceling all selected parameters

Taste operative
Space Choosing an item from the list of options

Shift+arrows, Home, End Object selection

Of Deleting the selected item by placing it in the cart

of papers

Backspace The transition to a higher level in the tree hierarchy

superior

Letter On the work surface: moving to the next one

pictogram whose name starts with the given letter
Basic Menu Start

By clicking the Start button, we open the menu

Basic Start (Ctrl+Esc or ).
The Start menu allows:
Opening an existing document;
Contains the most commonly used applications (programs)
Windows;
Display the list of recently used documents;
Allows the setting (adjustment) of the system components;
Launching the application Find(Search);
The launch of the Help application (The assistance system and
help),
The launch of the programs, indicating the location and
their names;
Shutting down or restarting the computer.
Basic menu Start

The Start button is used

for carrying out the majority
operations Windows:
allows the launch of applications
(programs), opening
modified documents
recent sauce, adaptation
Windows parameters,
the launch of the program of
assistance etc.
Menu Appearance Start
depends on how it
customized installation
SO Windows. The triangles
dark color indicates
there are subsections
["option lists","menu"]
secondary). The orders
three dots (…)
display the dialog box
associated.
 Main Menu Start

With the help of the keys ↑ and ↓ you can scroll the list of options.
select the necessary command from the menu, if after the name
this is the sign►Press Enter (or →) to
open a drop-down list. In this case, it will be displayed on the screen
the submenu of the respective command with the first option above
highlighted. With the help of the ↑ and ↓ keys you can navigate through the list of
sub-options up or down. Select the desired option. If after
her name does not reveal the meaning►Press Enter to
launch the respective program. The menu will close, and the application
it will be displayed on the screen her window of
work, and in the taskbar - the button pressed. The presence
of the sign► The name of some sub-options in the list means
a in-depth development of that option. If you press this
Enter(sau→), it will display on the screen the command submenu
respective. To close the sub-option list, press this key
Esc (or←). To close the Start menu, press the key
Esc.
Windows Explorer application

To open Windows Explorer:

Start/ Programs/ Windows Explorer;
Right-click on the button
Start/Windows Explorer;
+E

The workspace (Desktop) represents

the highest level in the hierarchy
file system. Next My
computer, disk units, then
the files of the active disk. Activating a
disk units are made by executing
a click on that icon; in
The analog mod can open files.
Windows Explorer application

The combination The action

of taste
Ctrl+A Selecting all objects
Backspace The transition to the higher level
F3, Ctrl+F The launch of the Find application
the current file
F5 The content of the window is being updated
F6 (Tab) Switching between different domains of
I have sent
→ Opening a selected file (if
Arrow it is closed) or the opening
to the right) of the first subfile
← Closing a selected file (if
Arrow to the left it is open) or the transition to
parent file
↑ and ↓ (Up/Down Arrow) Navigation through tree structure
defining direction up or down,
respective
Windows Explorer application

A file can be searched or

a folder typing Tools,
Find Files or Folders
(sauF3). A box appears
dialogFind. The search can
I have done it after everything.
the criteria indicated in the box.
 Aplicaţia Windows Explorer. Deschiderea dosarelor
and the launch of the programs

When you open a file represented in

the left panel, its contents are displayed
in the panel on the right. If a file contains
old files, its pictogram is preceded by
the sign+.To unfold the content
of the file, it is enough to execute a click
on this sign and to the right of the window
Explorer will display the contents of the file.
Double-click on the file and the files that
the contents will appear on the left side of
ferestrei. Dosarele desfăşurate sunt
preceded by the sign -, while the current file
open is represented by the pictogram
corresponding. If the icon of a
the file is not preceded by any sign,
To display the content of a file it means that the file contains only objects
on the right side of the Explorer window elementary (files, documents, etc.) or not
double-click. To open contains nothing. The bar that separates the left panel
a file/application, double-click to execute the right cell can be moved.
on him.
 Windows Explorer application

Creating folders and files. To create a new folder, we indicate, in the first
row, the location (the site of placement) of the new file. A file can be created within
any other file of any disk unit. We will describe two methods of
creating files and folders:
Creating folders and files using the contextual menu. From the menu
we select New, then Folders or the desired file type, we indicate
the name of the file and we pressed the Enter key. Of course, the files created this way do not
contains information.
Creating folders and files using the File menu. Open the window
for the folder or disk where you wish to create a new folder. Then open
File/New. A submenu will appear. From the submenu, choose
commandFolder(file). The new file will appear in the right panel of
open Windows Explorer. Click the mouse on the folder name,
New Folder. The mouse pointer changes to the letter I
the file name is highlighted. Enter a new name for
file; when you write it, the old name disappears. Press Enter when you finish
written, so that the new name can be confirmed.
 Windows Explorer application

Sorting files. To sort files by type, date, size or

Select the View command from the menu bar and then Arrange Icons.
Starting with the Windows 95 version, the names of files and folders can
contains from 1 to 255 characters. Name and extension of an object
large letters of the Latin (or Russian) alphabet including
digits, spaces and symbols: ~ ! @ # $ % & ( ) - _ = + { } [ ] ; , .
The name extension starts with a dot, usually containing no more than
three characters are mandatory. The file extension corresponds
the content, by extension, can be determined by the application that created it
the file.
Note: Each file has a name that can be composed according to the rules.
the composition of the name of a file. Folders usually do not have an extension.
The Explorer application allows the display of the contents of a folder in multiple.
moduri:Large Icons(Pictograme de dimensiunimărite);Small Icons
(Pictograme de dimensiuni mici);List(Lista obiectelorfărădetalii);
Details (List of items with specification of details - creation date,
size, etc.)
 Windows Explorer application

Selecting files and folders

Selecting a file, folder, or shortcut is done by performing a click.
on the respective pictogram. To select a consecutive group of objects,
select the first object, then, holding down the Shift key, click on
the last of them. The same effect can be achieved by describing with the help of
the mouse of a rectangle includes the necessary objects. In order to
select many scattered objects, we execute a click on each, holding
pressed the Ctrl key. In all cases, the selected objects change their
[Link]/deselecting objects-Ctrl+Blank.
Copying of folders and files
Copying is the most commonly used procedure for handling with
the objects. To copy multiple objects at the same time, hold down
press the Ctrl key and then click on each folder you want to
Copy. Release the Ctrl key before choosing the Copy command.
Windows Explorer application

There are several methods for copying objects:

Copying via the Clipboard memory
The object (objects) is selected
The command is executedCopy;
The location (disk, folder) where the objects are to be copied is indicated;
The command is executed in the Edit menu or the combination of
tasteCtrl+v.
Copying by Drag and Drop
Select the object(s) that will be copied;
The mouse cursor is positioned over the selected objects;
The left mouse button is pressed, and holding down the Ctrl key,
drag the selected items over the folder where we want to copy them
(we actually position the tip of the mouse arrow on that folder);
We release the mouse button.
Windows Explorer application

The movement of files and documents

The movement results in the copying of objects to the destination.
deleting them from the source location. Methods of moving files/documents:
Transfer via the Clipboard memory
Select the object(s) that are to be moved.
The command Edit/Cut or the keyboard shortcut Ctrl+x is executed;
Indicate the location (disk, folder) where the files are to be moved;
Execute the command Edit/Paste or the key combination Ctrl+v.
2. Moving through the context menu:
position the mouse pointer over the object;
holding down the right mouse button, drag the pale image of
pictogram of the selected object;
release the right mouse button. A menu will appear on the screen from
you can choose your desired order.
Windows Explorer application

3. Moving by Drag and Drop method

The window containing the file (source) opens;
The window opens in which you move the file (destination);
Press and hold the Shift key;
Drag (move) the file from the source window to the destination window.
This method is similar to the one described above for the operation
copiers, with the difference that during the mouse drag, no button is pressed.
key.
There are other ways to copy or move objects. For example,
The Copy, Cut, and Paste commands can also be executed by pressing the buttons.
respective in the toolbar with instruments. Also, these commands can be
selected from the contextual menu that appears as a result of pressing the button
mouse pointer right (the mouse pointer must be positioned on
any of the selected items). Finally, the nominated orders
they can also be executed by pressing the respective key combinations.
 Windows Explorer application

Renaming of folders and files

When naming or renaming folders or files, you can choose a name
containing up to 225 characters, including spaces. You can also name
a folder or file with letters, numbers and other symbols from the keyboard, with
except for the following: \? : * “ < > /. In case we want to rename
a folder or a file, we right-click on it and from the menu
We select the option Rename. We click on the name of the object.
to display the mouse pointer in the form of the letter 'I' for selection
the name of the file. After you have indicated the new name, press the Enter key (or
we click outside the object) to confirm it.
Windows Explorer application

To select multiple objects, hold down the Ctrl key and execute
click on each folder you wish to select. To deselect one
among these objects, hold down the Ctrl key while clicking
on the object you want to deselect. To deselect all
the files, click anywhere in the window. We will examine two
methods for deleting files and folders:
1. Deleting by moving objects to the Recycle Bin
the possibility of being restored later.
For this purpose, the objects to be excluded are selected, then they are
press the delete key. We get a warning box.
2. Permanent deletion (without the possibility of being restored later).
This method is used when we are confident in the intention to
wipe objects without the need to recover them. As in the case of
first we select the items to be liquidated, then we press
the key combination Shift+Delete.
Windows Explorer application. Deleting folders and
of the files
Note: If you accidentally deleted files or folders from a diskette, then
with Windows means the information cannot be restored.
In order to optimize the size of a table field, so that the information that
to be displayed in full, position the mouse pointer on
the right margin of that field and when the cursor will
get the form double-click.
If the file in which the deleted file was located has been deleted, then when will it be
the deleted file will be automatically restored along with its folder.
To keep deleted files, Windows allocates 10% of the memory.
fixed disks. If you do not have enough free space on the disk, then you can
change the volume of the paper basket or you can withdraw from its use.
The transition from displaying information using 2 panels (The Application
Windows Explorer) the display with a single panel (My Computer) is
face by pressing the Folder key in the toolbar.
Panoul de Control (Control Panel)

The launch of the application Control Panel is done

using one of two methods:
we double-click on the icon
respective from the My Computer window
Windows Explorer;
Navigate to Start/ Settings/ Control Panel.
The Control Panel brings together a set of applications.
programs intended for adjustment and
managing different components of the system
Windows, including the display, the mouse, the date and
time, keyboard, etc. Each parameter that
you can adapt to the requirements is represented by a
pictogram in Control Panel that opens
in a dialog box. The applications launch
face by double-clicking on
the respective pictograms.
Control Panel

Modification of date and time

For the purpose of subsequent identification of the file
saved/liquidated or of the receipt/shipping date
of a message by electronic mail etc., the computer
stabilized data changing the file
etc.
To change the date and time of the Windows system,
double click on the Date/Time icon
Control [Link] BoxDate/Time
Properties that appear contain the Date & Time files -
data/time zone - time zone.
You can also display the dialog box Date/Time
Properties by double-clicking on the time area
only the operations.
The button applies after each modification
carried out to fix the modifications made. For
the completion of the modification procedure, we act
OK button. To cancel the changes
execute, press the Revoke button.
Control Panel

For modifying the working surface

we double-click on the icon
The program control group is displayed.
Panel. As a result, a box opens
Properties display contains
the files:
Themes (Background) - for
changing the background screen
Workspace-modification
the appearance of the background
Screen Saver
for using the program of
protection of the photosensitive surface of
the monitor;
•Aspect(Appearance) -pentru
modification of color models and
character sets of windows and
dialog boxes;
Settings - for modification
screen resolution (number of
of pixels) and the color palette.
Control Panel

Modification of color models and sets

character of windows and dialog boxes.
Modification of the basic menu Start

You can add programs often.

use the Start menu,
to be able to access them more
rapid in several ways:
Using the Drag and method
Drop.
Start/Settings/Taskbar
of operations)/Taskbar
Properties/ Start Menu.
Click on
Specification/Add
(Add) ...
Then right-click on
surgical ward, will appear
dialog boxTaskbar
Properties of the bar
of operations). Select
Specification ...
The properties of the activity bar and the Start menu

We display the dialog box

The properties of the bar
activities and menu
Start by right-clicking
on the operational bar.
We select the chosen options.
Adding icons in
rapid barragesQuick
The launch is done with the help of
Drag and Drop method.
 Completing work with Windows. Reloading
calculator

While working with Windows, the system keeps track of everything.

of the files, folders, open applications. A simple disconnection
from the power source can lead to information loss or
the malfunction of the system. Therefore, it is necessary to finalize
correct the work. First, we close all active applications, saving,
if necessary, the respective documents. Then from the main menu
Start selecting Log Off ... or execute the command Shut Down ...
From the dialog box that appears, we select the desired button: Switch
utilizatori,Log OffsauStare de veghe,Închidere,Reporniresau
Revoke.
Finalizing work with Windows. Reloading
the calculator

The completion of the work can be done

and by pressing the key combination
Alt+F4. Also, by pressing
the key combination Ctrl+Alt+Del,
we get the dialog box, from which
we can choose the Shut Down option.
The last procedure is particularly useful
in cases when the execution of one
Among the active applications, suspend.
for unknown reasons, event
which involves blocking the entire
system. In these situations it is necessary
let's exclude the respective application
pressing the End Task button
caseta de dialogClose Program.
Regional linguistic options

Control Panel/Options
regional linguistic