Project: Study and deployment of a technology network

WIFI

Introduction
The establishment of a wireless network (Wireless LAN) allows for the connection of computers.
between them, without being connected by network cables, and this happens through the propagation of
radio waves. This setup can be carried out in two ways:

By going through an access point equipped with a Wi-Fi antenna: mode "
with infrastructure.

By directly connecting several Wi-Fi equipped computers to each other: in mode

ad hoc

In the case of setting up a network in 'infrastructure' mode, the access point is

necessary. Then come the equipment that needs to connect to the wireless network. In
In the other case (ad hoc mode), the machines do not need an access point, communication
is done directly between the machines.

In the following, we will outline the various steps necessary to set up a

wireless network whether in infrastructure mode or ad hoc.

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Case 1: Infrastructure Mode

Presentation of the WiFi infrastructure network

The setup of a Wi-Fi network in infrastructure mode is very similar to that of a network
Wi-Fi equal to equal with these few differences:

A Wi-Fi network in infrastructure mode requires an access point, connected or not to

a local network, or even to the internet in the case of a wireless router;
The association of client machines to the infrastructure network is generally more
simple
If the wireless network is intended to provide internet access to mobile workstations, it
It is not necessary to leave a computer on to gain access to the network of
networks;
The possibilities in terms of security are broader and more robust.

Choice of equipment
1 modem for internet connection near the provider

1 D-link 16-port switch

03 Cisco WRT54G2 WIFI routers for the ground floor, the 1st and the 6th floor.

Note: In the case of an ADSL connection, one must ensure that the modem has a port.
RJ11.

We must also have an ADSL filter to separate the telephone from the internet.

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Access point configuration

The access point is the central hardware element of a Wi-Fi network in infrastructure mode: it
allows the management of client machine associations and connects them to the local network.

Thus, an access point generally has a certain number of connectors allowing it to

connect to a local network or sometimes to a computer using a USB cable.

The configuration interface can vary from one manufacturer to another; however, most of the
Access points have a local web interface, accessible at an address of the type
[Link] (or [Link]

To configure the wireless access point, it is sufficient for it to be connected at a minimum to a

computer via a wired connection. To access the interface, simply enter the address
[Link] in a simple web browser. The interface then asks for a name
user (username) and a password. Just enter the username and the password.
by default, mentioned in the documentation of the access point.

Reset the access points (AP)

Press the 'Reset' button located at the back of the AP for 10 seconds.

Connect to the AP via an Ethernet port

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Connect the computer used for the manipulation to the router via network cable.

Default values (IP, Login / Pass)

In the case of our project, the values are:

[Link]

After connecting your computer to the router, make sure that the LED light corresponding to the port is
which the computer is connected and turned on (ON).

Step 1:
Open a web browser, for example, Internet Explorer.

Step 2:
In the Address bar, enter the IP address of your router and then press [Enter].

Step 3:
Enter your username and password. Then click OK.

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 Local IP address configuration on the machine
Assign a fixed IP in the range of that of the AP.

[Link]

Mask: [Link]

The administration interface

It is accessible by entering the router's IP address in the browser.
The username and password for the WRT54G are admin and admin.

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 Radio aspect configuration

Change of the wireless network SSID:

Step 1:
Go to the web-based configuration page of the router.

Step 2:
When the web-based configuration page of the router appears, click on
Wireless.

Step 3:
Search for the SSID and change it to the desired wireless network name.

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Enter the SSID in the 'Wireless Network Name (SSID)' field:

ESGIS-0 for the ground floor AP

ESGIS-1 for the first floor's AP

-ESGIS-6 for the AP of the sixth floor

Definition of the emission channel

Step 1:
Go to the router configuration web page.

Step 2:
On the configuration page, click on the Wireless tab, then in sub-
click on Basic Wireless Settings.

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Step 3:
In the Configuration View section, click on the box
of option, Manual (Manual). The choice of manual configuration allows you
to adjust your wireless channel to your preference.

TIP: If you are using a simultaneous dual-band router, you need to follow the
next steps for both frequencies (2.4 GHz and 5 GHz).

Step 4:
For the 5 GHz network, you can enable either 20 MHz or 40 MHz for the width of
channel. For the 2.4 GHz network, you can only switch to 20 MHz.

TIP: To avoid interference from other 2.4 GHz wireless networks in

your region, Channel Width must be set to 20 MHz for the
two

Step 5:
Click on the arrow of the dropdown menu for Channel, then select your
favorite channel.

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 TIP: The recommended channels for the 2.4 GHz network are 1, 6, 9, and 11, because they
non-overlapping channels are considered. For the 5 GHz network,
Channels 36, 40, 44, and 48 are recommended to be less susceptible to interference.
For Linksys wireless routers, it is best to leave the channel on Auto, if
You are not experiencing connectivity issues.

Step 6:

Click on (Save the Settings).

Define the emission channel in the 'Channel' field:

Channel 1 for the ground floor

Channel 6 for the first floor

Channel 9 for the sixth floor

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Broadcast the SSID

This means to enable the 'SSID Broadcast' field to broadcast the SSID.

To do this, check 'Enabled' in the SSID Broadcast field.

Configuration of the static WAN IP

We will configure the WAN IP @ statically, for this go to the 'Basic' tab.
Setup» and select from the dropdown menu « Static IP»

We fill in the following fields belonging to the 'Internet Setup' submenu:

Internet IP Address

Subnet Mask

Default Gateway

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- DNS1

- DNS2 (Optional)

Click on (Save Settings).

Principle of NAT

The mechanism ofaddress translationNetwork Address Translation (NAT)

has been developed to address the shortage ofIP addresseswiththe IPv4 protocol(the
The IPv6 protocol will eventually address this problem.

Indeed, in IPv4 addressing the number of routable IP addresses (thus unique on the planet)
is not enough to allow all machines requiring it to be connected to
internet.

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The principle of NAT therefore consists of using a gateway for internet connection, possessing
at least one network interface connected to the internal network and at least one network interface
connected to the Internet (having a routable IP address), to connect all of the
network machines.

DHCP Server

The activation of the DHCP service on the access point allows for automatic assignment of
IP addresses to client stations. Most of the time, it is possible to define the range of the
allocatable addresses, using a start address, an end address, and a subnet mask
network.

Some access points also allow you to reserve an IP address, so that

The access point automatically assigns the same IP to a machine.

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 Interconnection of AP
To interconnect the APs, the APs must be connected to the switch via network cables.

Configuration of client machines

The configuration of client machines is very similar to the configuration in the case of a
peer-to-peer network. Just right-click on the network connection icon
wireless and choose "properties" or click on the icon in the taskbar and
choose 'properties'.

The properties dialog of the wireless network connection (configuration tab

wireless networks) displays the networks detected by the wireless adapter and allows them to be
configure.

To connect to the access point, simply add a new network identified by a name.
unique, theSSID. To do this, click on the Add button. A new dialog box
opens then:

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14
Addressing plan

Level Router IP IP Internet Subnet mask Footbridge Addresses in

DHCP
Ground floor [Link] [Link] [Link] [Link] [Link] –100
1erfloor [Link] [Link] [Link] [Link] [Link] –61
6 floor
e [Link] [Link] [Link] [Link]

2) Secure the connection

An adapted infrastructure

The first thing to do when setting upa wireless networkconsists of intelligently positioning the access points according to the area that
one wishes to cover. However, it is not uncommon for the area actually covered to be significantly larger than desired, in which case it is
It is possible to reduce the power of the access point in order to adapt its range to the area to be covered.

Avoid default values

When first installing an access point, it is configured with default values, including those concerning the password.
administrator password. A large number of aspiring administrators believe that as long as the network is functioning, it is unnecessary to
modify the access point configuration. However, the default settings are such that security is minimal. It is therefore imperative to ...
connect to the administration interface (usually via a web interfaceon a portspecific to the access point) notably to define
an administration password.
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On the other hand, in order to connect to an access point it is essential to know
the network identifier (SSID). Therefore, it is strongly recommended to change the name of the network to
default and disable the broadcast of the latter on the network. The change of
the default network identifier is all the more important as it can give to thepiratesof the
information elements about the brand or model of the access point used.

Change the default password of the AP

The administrator password of the router is used to prevent

potential unwanted users from accessing your router's configuration web page
and to change the settings. It is recommended to change the password immediately
administrator to prevent intrusions.

Step 1:
Go to the router configuration web page.

NOTE: If the login window does not appear, disable the popup blocker.
up (pop-up windows).

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Step 2:
Click on the Administration tab. Enter the new password in both fields.
Router Password
confirm).

Step 3:
Click on Save Settings and then on Continue
(Continue) on the next page.

You will need to enter your login details again. Enter your new
password you just created to make sure that you have succeeded in
change the administrator password of the Linksys router.

NOTE: after saving, the number of points you can

observer in the fieldPassword router is always fixed, it does not depend
not the number of characters of your password.

Remove the Broadcast SSID

Disabling SSID broadcasting is another way to secure your wireless network. This
This procedure will prevent other users from detecting your SSID, or your network name without-
when they try to see the available wireless networks in your area.

Disabling SSID Broadcast

Step 1:
Go to the web-based setup page of the router.

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Step 2:
Once the web-based configuration page of the router is open, click on Wireless
search Diffusion SSID No-net select Disable.

Step 3:

Click on .

Step 4:
Reconnect to your wireless network by creating a profile in the configuration utility.
wireless computer.

WEP Key

Step 1:
Access the router's web configuration page.

Step 2 :
When the router's web configuration page appears, click on Wireless.
then on Wireless Security.

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Step 3:
In the dropdown list Security Mode, select WEP.

WPA–PSK (if available)

WPA (Wi-Fi Protected Access) is a Wi-Fi standard designed to enhance the functions of
security of the WEP protocol. The WPA standard is more powerful than WEP encryption. PSK and
PSK2, the types of WPA, offer you two encryption methods: the TKIP method.
(Temporal Key Integrity Protocol) which integrates a MIC (Message Integrity Code) of
protection against hackers and the AES (Advanced Encryption System) method that proceeds
in symmetric data encryption using 128-bit blocks.

To set up WPA wireless security on your Linksys router, follow these steps.
below:

Step 1:
Access the router's web configuration page. For more instructions, click here.

NOTE: If you access the router's web configuration page from a

Mac computer, click here.

Step 2:
When the router's web configuration page appears, click on Wireless.
select Wireless Security.

WPA personnel

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Step 3:
Select WPA Personal from the Security Mode dropdown list.
(Security mode).

Step 4:
Select TKIP from the dropdown list WPA Algorithms.

Step 5:
In the WPA Shared Key field, enter the desired WPA key.
MySecretKey. " for example. It will serve as a network key whenever you
You will connect to the wireless network.

NOTE: This key must remain confidential, as it is what secures

your wireless network. In the field Group Key Renewal
group), keep the value 3,600 seconds.

MAC address filtering

Each network adapter (generic name for thenetwork card) hasfrom a physical address
that is peculiar to him (calledMAC address). Thisthe address is represented by 12 digits
hexadecimals grouped in pairs and separated by dashes.

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Access points generally allow managing a ...
list of access rights (called ACL) based on the MAC addresses of authorized devices to
connect to the wireless network.

This somewhat restrictive precaution limits network access to a certain number.

the machines. In return, this does not solve the issue of privacy of
exchanges.

Step 1:
Click on the Wireless tab to continue.

Step 2:
Click on Wireless MAC Filter.

Step 3:
Click on the radio button Enable located next to the Wireless MAC Filter option
(Wireless MAC filter).

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Step 4:
Click on either of these options:

Block the computers listed below from accessing the wireless network
listed computers below to access the wireless network)

Permit the computers listed below access to the wireless network.

listed below to access the wireless network).

Step 5:
There are two methods to specify the MAC addresses of your wireless devices.
network in the section MAC Address Filter List.

A. Manual entry of MAC addresses

B. List of wireless clients

The wireless client list displays a list of computers and other devices on the network that
can be sorted by MAC address.

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Step 2:
A new window opens displaying computers and other devices connected to the network.
To add a device to the MAC address filtering list, check the box Add to
MAC Filter List (Add to the MAC address filtering list). Then click on Add.
(Add).

Case 2: Ad hoc mode

1) Set up a network in Ad-hoc mode

Presentation of the ad hoc WiFi network

If you have two or more computers equipped with wireless adapters (WiFi cards), it is
it is possible to connect them very easily in a network by setting up a so-called 'ad hoc' network,
that is to say a peer-to-peer network, without using an access point.

If one of the computers in the ad hoc network has an internet connection, it is then possible
to share it with other computers on the network, as in the case of a local area network
traditional.

Wireless adapter installation

First and foremost, it is necessary to equip all machines of the future ad hoc network with a
wireless adapter and install the drivers.

A new icon appears in the taskbar, indicating the presence of an adapter.

active wireless in the computer

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By default, Windows XP offers a utility to configure wireless networks.
The Microsoft Windows XP wireless network configuration utility disables the tools
of the builders' configuration. To disable the Windows XP tool, just click
on Start /Settings / Network Connections, then right-click on the icon
corresponding to the wireless network and select Properties. In the wireless network configuration tab
Check or uncheck the box Use Windows to configure my wireless network.

This operation involves enabling or disabling the automatic configuration service.

Windows XP wireless networks. One alternative is to go to the control panel
configuration / Administrative tools / Services, then start or stop the service
Automatic wireless configuration.

In the following of this article, all manipulations will be done using the utility of
Windows XP (Service Pack 2).

Ad hoc network configuration

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The properties dialog box of the wireless network connection (configuration tab
wireless networks) presents the networks detected by the wireless adapter and allows them to
to configure.

In order to create an ad hoc network, it is necessary to add a new network, identified by a

unique name, the SSID. To do this, click on the Add button. A new box of
the dialogue opens then:

To create the ad hoc network, it is enough, on each of the computers of the future network, to enter the
same SSID and check the box "This is a peer-to-peer network." The other options
are used to enhance security. Initially, leave the network completely open.
(with the options in the above capture), in order not to multiply the parameters that are likely to
to prevent the first networking.

Therefore, the machines of the ad hoc network should be able to connect with each other.

IP Configuration

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The previous steps allow for connectivity between the machines. Nevertheless,
to fully utilize the network, it is necessary to define an IP addressing for the
network machines, and to set up a number of services (web server, files)
shared, internet connection sharing, etc.).

For such a network, it is necessary to use a private IP address. There are ranges
addresses reserved for this purpose, namely [Link] to [Link] will be sufficient (or
[Link] to [Link] if you already have a local network with the addressing
previous).

If one of the computers on the ad hoc network has internet access that it wishes to share
with the other computers on the network, it is customary for it to be named [Link] (or
[Link]), but this is just a convention. The other machines will take the
addresses in the same address range: [Link], etc.

To configure the machine, simply right-click on the icon corresponding to

the wireless network connection, then choose "properties":

Then, in the list of protocols, select 'Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)' and click on
Properties

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Then enter the IP address of each machine, ensuring that you do not enter it twice.
same IP address, [Link] as subnet mask and possibly the IP address
from the machine sharing its internet access (default gateway, which by convention
the address [Link]).

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In the fields related to the DNS, enter the IP addresses of the name servers
corresponding to the service provider of the machine connected to the internet. To know them,
for example, simply enter the following command (Start / Run) on the machine
connected to the internet

cmd /k ipconfig /all

There is only left totest the connectionbetween the machines of the ad hoc network.

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Conclusion
During the deployment of a wireless network, Wi-Fi (802.11) appears to be the solution that meets
at best to the needs of wireless local networks thanks to the advantage it provides, which is
its interoperability with Ethernet-type networks. Indeed, only the first two
the layers of the OSI model are defined by Wi-Fi. This technology is frequently
used in companies wanting to accommodate mobile users or wishing for a
alternative to wired network while maintaining nearly identical performance.

We have seen that Wi-Fi suffers from many security issues, but this weakness has been
fulfilled by the integration of WPA and 802.11i.

The installation of a wireless network also helps to solve the many technical problems.
what wired networks know, such as cabling problems, shortcomings of
spaces that can accommodate many machines.

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