Solar Thermal Energy Technologies Explained
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ScribdTranslationsSolar Thermal Energy Technologies Explained
Uploaded by
ScribdTranslationsMaster in Energy, Mechanics and Materials
Thermal solar
Produced by:
CHAHID Mohammed
REGRAGUI IMAN
Framed by:
Pr
Academic year 2022-2023
Solar thermal energy
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Solar thermal energy is the thermal energy from solar radiation. It is captured in the
but to heat a fluid (liquid or gas). The energy received by the fluid can then be used
directly (domestic hot water, heating, etc.)
A solar thermal system harnesses sunlight to directly convert it into
heat (thermal energy).
The fundamental principle of solar thermal energy is to capture, using a solar panel
thermal, the radiation of the sun at every moment of the day. From there, the mechanism
then consists of transforming this light into heat, following several levels of temperature.
Thermal solar energy
Passive solar thermal technologies 6
Passive solar energy is created for free by
the absorption of sunlight through the windows and
the glass doors of a house. The energy is stored
in the walls, the ceiling, and the floor, then spread in
heat in the housing.
Thermal solar energy
Active solar thermal technologies 7
• the energy of solar radiation is absorbed by some
flat sensors operating on the principle of the effect
from the greenhouse. The heat stored is then
transported within a 'primary' circuit containing
a heat transfer mixture of water and antifreeze.
• Thanks to a heat exchanger, the heat transfer fluid
content in the primary circuit transmits its energy
thermal to the sanitary water contained in the
reservoir (a "balloon") of a second isolated circuit, referred to as "
secondary. The cooled heat transfer fluid returns
then to the sensors to be warmed up.
• When the heated water in the tank is used, it
is replaced by cold water from the network, heated
according to the same principle.
L’énergie solaire thermique
The solar sensor 8
A solar thermal collector is a device designed to capture the solar energy transmitted by
radiation and transfer it to a heat transfer fluid in the form of heat. This energy
Thermal energy can then be used for heating buildings, for the production of water.
sanitary hot water
Solar thermal energy
The solar sensor 9
Flat glass sensors
The most common sensors are flat covers, similar to frames of
gardener. The apparent simplicity of the equipment hides the requirements imposed on
their components to achieve good energy conversion yields
solar. These decrease with the temperature of the heat transfer fluid.
Uncoated sensors
They consist of a network of black plastic tubes, joined together.
Heating the water in a swimming pool, the sensors can be inserted into the filtration circuit. Their
the efficiency is very good for producing temperatures close to that of the air
ambient. On the other hand, unglazed sensors do not allow for the production of hot water.
sanitary, except in hot countries.
Thermal solar energy
The solar sensor 10
The vacuum tube collectors This technology eliminates convective losses due to
the air. At equal temperature, these sensors have a higher efficiency than flat sensors
glasses. They also allow for maintaining an acceptable yield at a temperature close to
100 °C, suitable for coupling with an absorption chilling machine.
Air sensors are used to increase the temperature of
the air of 5 to 10 °C for direct use for the
heating, or for the drying of agricultural products.
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Thermal solar energy
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The solar sensors used are relatively simple to use and offer
a very long lifespan.
Thanks to this mastery of costs and underlying technologies, the return
The output of a thermal solar power plant can be very high.
In countries with very high sunshine rates, the return on investment
energy can be less than 1 year. This means that in just 1 year, the
The main drawback of any so-called solar energy is that to function
panels must be exposed to the Sun; consequently, the production of heat
is not permanent. Also at night, they cannot produce heat.
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Thermodynamic solar energy
Passive solar thermal technologies 16
Thermodynamic solar energy
Tower solar power plant 17
A heat transfer fluid is brought to the top of the tower.
where it circulates and absorbs heat, it is heated
up to a temperature of about 500°C, then
descend towards an interchange.
The top of the tower receives thus about up to
1000 times more radiation than in the absence
heliostats.
Thermodynamic solar energy
Fresnel mirror solar power plants 18
When circulating in this horizontal receiver, the
Thermodynamic fluid can be vaporized
then overheated to 500 °C. The steam then
produces action drives a turbine that produces
electricity.
The thermodynamic cycle is generally
direct, which avoids the exchangers of
heat
Thermodynamic solar energy
Cylindrical-parabolic solar power plants 19
parallel alignments of long mirrors
hemicylindrical focus the radiation on
a horizontal tube placed above each,
where the heat transfer fluid circulates. The mirrors rotate
around a horizontal axis to follow the course of
sun. The fluid temperature can rise up to
500°C.
Thermodynamic solar energy
Parabolic trough power plants 20
resembling a reception parabola
satellite, a large parabolic mirror
orientable directs the sun rays toward a point
of convergence (placed at the focus of the parabola).
At this point, a Stirling engine is installed which
works thanks to the pressure increase of a gas
content in a closed enclosure. The
temperature can reach 1,000°C on the
receiver.
Thermodynamic solar energy
the solar tower with chimney effect 21
Chimney effect solar power plants are
composed of an immense tower around which there
to the presence of a greenhouse.
The greenhouse is heated by the sun: the air
hot will therefore end up underground and will circulate
to the tower
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