Calculate Slope and Altitude Differences
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ScribdTranslationsCalculate Slope and Altitude Differences
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CALCULATION OF A SLOPE
1/ Calculate a slope
The "Slope" is the elevation difference between two points.
separated by a horizontal distance.
That is why it is always necessary to define the difference in altitude.
between the relevant points before trying to calculate the slope.
Note: The slopes are calculated with the projected altitudes.
Example:
Calculate the slope between profiles P1 and P2
Altitude P2 95.14
B
P =……. %
H =……m
A
Altitude P1 95.00 Distance 24.50 m
Height = Alt. B - Alt. A
= Alt P2 - P1
= 95.14 - 95.00
H = 0.14 m
We therefore have a height difference (H) of 0.14 meters between P1 and P2.
After determining the Height, we will be able to calculate the Slope between P1.
and P2 by applying the following formula.
H x 100
P = ---------
D
2
Slope or elevation
H: Height or difference in altitude
D: Distance between the two points
Example:
Always with profiles P1 and P2.
14
P= -------------- ≈0.57 %
24.50
Our slope will therefore be 0.57%, rounded to 0.6%.
This means a gradient of 6 millimeters per meter.
2 / Calculation of a projected altitude.
To calculate a level (project altitude), there are two solutions.
Let it be:
The difference between the TN and the project
The application of the formula.
Altitude refers to the vertical elevation of a place or a project in relation to a
benchmark listed in the General Leveling of France (NGF).
A leveling marker is a marked point whose altitude is determined.
with precision. There are many types of leveling benchmarks,
generally metallic.
Today, one can do their own research on the internet thanks to the GeoPortal.
made available by the IGN. (The National Institute of Geographic Information and
forestry, formerly the National Geographic Institute.
2.1 / The T.N gap - Project.
It is the height difference of a profile that exists between the altitude of the TN and
the altitude of the project.
So to find the altitude of the TN or the project, we need to differentiate and
understand a legend to know if the altitude to be calculated is higher or lower
lower than the one given.
Example:
Altitude TN = 350.69 m
Ecart TN‰ Project = 0.89 m
If the TN altitude is lower than the Project altitude, we will have:
Altitude Project = Altitude TN + 0.89 m
351.58 m
3
If the TN altitude is higher than the Project altitude, we will have:
Altitude Project = Altitude TN - 0.89 m
= 349.80 m
2.2 / The formula
By applying the formula, we calculate the height difference (H) between two
points, namely:
The result obtained must be subtracted from or added to the altitude of
reference.
Altitude P 2
Altitude P1 P = 2%
349.80 m
H =….. m
D = 32.00 m
Hence the formula:
DxP
H = --------
100
Example:
Altitude project P 1 = 349.80 m
Distance = 32.00 m
Pent = 2%
So;
32.00 x 2
H= ------------ = 0.64 m
100
If altitude P1 is lower than altitude P2, the result will need to be added.
obtained.
Example:
Altitude P2 = Altitude P1 + 0.64
= 349.80 + 0.64
= 350.44 m
If altitude P1 is higher than altitude P2, the result will need to be subtracted.
obtained.
4
Example:
Altitude P2 = Altitude P1 - 0.64
= 349.80 - 0.64
= 349.16 m
3 / Calculation of a distance between two points
To calculate a distance (D) between two points, we need to know
the altitude of the concerned points as well as the percentage of elevation change.
This will give us the following formula:
H x 100 D : Distance
D = --------- H: Height
P Slope
Altitude P 2
95.42 m
Altitude P1 P = 0.3%
95.33 m
H =……. m
D =…….. m
Example:
Project P1 altitude = 95.33 m
Altitude P2 of the project = 95.42 m
Pente 0.3 %
First of all, calculate the Height, which is the difference in altitude between the
two points.
From where:
H = Altitude P2 - Altitude P2
= 95.42 - 95.33
0.09 m
With this height, we can calculate the distance between P 1 and P 2.
0.09 x 100
D = ------------ = 30.00 m
0.3
Application exercises: