Asynchronous machine vs synchronous machine:

A difference related to the rotor:

▪ The two motors consist of a stator (fixed part) and a rotor (moving part). The difference
the difference between synchronous and asynchronous motors comes from the rotor:

▪ The rotor of synchronous motors consists of a magnet or electromagnet while that of the
asynchronous motors consist of rings (which form what is called a squirrel cage).
▪ In the case of a synchronous motor, the motor runs at the same speed as the magnetic field.
(the rotor turns at synchronous speed). In the case of an asynchronous motor, the fact that the
the rotor does not rotate at the same speed as the magnetic field causes what is called
slips).
▪ Direct starting of synchronous motors is impossible while asynchronous motors can.
can be launched directly on the network.
▪ When loaded, the asynchronous motor draws a current higher than the nominal current.
that the synchronous motor loses synchronization when the torque exceeds a certain limit.

A difference related to the rotor:

▪ The two motors consist of a stator (fixed part) and a rotor (moving part). The difference between
synchronous and asynchronous motors come from the rotor:
▪ The rotor of synchronous motors consists of a magnet or electromagnet while that of
Asynchronous motors consist of rings (which form what is called the squirrel cage).
▪ In the case of a synchronous motor, the motor rotates at the same speed as the magnetic field.
(the rotor rotates at the synchronous speed). In the case of an asynchronous motor, the fact that
the rotor does not rotate at the same speed as the magnetic field causes what is called slippage).
▪ Direct starting of synchronous motors is not possible while asynchronous motors can be started.
directly on the network.
▪ When it is loaded, the asynchronous motor absorbs current greater than the rated current and the
synchronous motor stalls when the torque exceeds a certain limit.

The negative points of the synchronous motor?

▪ The risk of stalling in case of exceeding the maximum torque, and a direct start
impossible.
▪ The risk of stalling if the maximum torque is exceeded, and direct starting is impossible.

The wound rotor asynchronous motor

▪ In a wound rotor motor, there are 3 windings (coils) around the rotor.
are connected to rings. On these rings, brushes come into contact that will supply the rotor.
▪ The wound motor is used for applications that require high starting torque and
a lot of power (e.g., the mineral industry). This type of engine offers the possibility of
decrease or increase the resistance of the rotor.

The wound-rotor asynchronous motor

▪ In a wound rotor motor, there are 3 windings (coils) on the periphery of the rotor which are
connected to rings. On these rings rub brushes which will power the rotor.
▪ The wound motor is used for applications that require a high starting torque and a lot of power.
(e.g. the mineral industry). This type of motor offers the possibility of decreasing or increasing the
resistance of the rotor.
The squirrel-cage asynchronous motor:

▪ In a cage motor, also called a squirrel cage motor, there is a short-circuited rotor.
The rotor is made up of bars (often made of aluminum) that are connected to the 2 rings forming this.
what is called the squirrel cage.
▪ Here, no feed brushes, which reduces the maintenance costs of the engine. Its construction
simple also makes its maintenance easier.
▪ Il possède un couple de démarrage faible. On réserve les moteurs à cage pour les cas où le
Starting requires a low load (machine tools, pumps, fans...) and we avoid them.
for load startup cases (e.g.: elevators).
▪ The star-delta starting is currently used instead of wound rotor motors for
the low to medium powers. It is the simplest starting system, but the torque at
Starting is weak, so we use an electronic speed variator.
▪ The squirrel cage motor resembles the double asynchronous machine closely.
Power supply used as an asynchronous alternator.

The asynchronous squirrel cage motor:

▪ In a cage motor, also called a squirrel cage motor, there is a rotor in short circuit. The rotor
consists of bars (often aluminum) which are connected to the 2 rings form what is called the
squirrel cage.
▪ Here, no supply brushes, which reduces motor maintenance costs. Its simple construction also
makes it easy to maintain.
▪ It has a low starting torque. Cage motors are reserved for cases where starting requires a low
load (machine tools, pumps, fans, etc.) and they are avoided for cases of start-up under load (e.g.
elevators).
▪ Star-delta starting is currently used instead of wound cage motors for low to medium power.
is the simplest starting system, but the starting torque is low, so an electronic variable speed
drive is used.
▪ The wound squirrel cage motor strongly resembles the double-fed asynchronous machine used as
an asynchronous alternator.

Internal combustion engine:

▪ Internal combustion engines are used in automobiles, airplanes, motorcycles, lawn mowers
lawn and other machines. They operate using the combustion of a fuel, usually
the essence.
▪ In many internal combustion engines, a moving part, the piston, slides in a
Cylinder. Automobile engines often have 4 or 6 cylinders. The fuel enters and exits.
through the valves located at the top of the cylinder. In the same place is the spark plug, which
ignite the fuel.

Internal combustion engine

▪ Internal combustion engines are used in automobiles, airplanes, motorcycles, lawn mowers and
other machinery. They work by burning a fuel, usually gasoline.
▪ In many internal combustion engines, a moving part, the piston, slides in a cylinder. Car engines
often have 4 or 6 cylinders. Fuel enters and leaves through the valves located at the top of the
cylinder. In the same place is the spark plug, which ignites the fuel.
When the engine is running, it goes through a 4-stroke cycle:

▪ The intake: thanks to the opening of the intake valves, air and fuel will be able to
enter the cylinder;
▪ The compression: the piston will rise for the compression of the air-fuel mixture;
▪ The explosion: during this phase, the piston will be at top dead center. The spark plug will have, from
Then, a spark is needed to ignite the air-fuel mixture. Then, the piston will be guided.
downward using the explosion.
▪ The exhaust: here, the piston will rise and send the smoke as well as the gases back to the level of the
exhaust collector. The exhaust valves will be open while those
closed admission.

When the engine is running, it completes a 4-stroke cycle:

▪ The admission: thanks to the opening of the intake valves, the air and the fuel will be able to
enter the cylinder;
▪ Compression: the piston will rise to compress the air-fuel mixture;
▪ The explosion: during this phase, the piston will be at top dead center. The spark plug will
therefore need a spark to ignite the air-fuel mixture. Then, the piston will be routed down using
the explosion.
▪ The exhaust: here, the piston will go up and return the smoke as well as the gases to the level of
the exhaust manifold. The exhaust valves will be open while the intake valves are closed.