Solar Pumping System Guide
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ScribdTranslationsSolar Pumping System Guide
Translated by
ScribdTranslationsSOLAR PUMPING
FASTRI SOLUTIONS
SUMMARY
Definition
The components of a solar pumping system
The sizing steps
• Calculation of needs
Choice of the pump
Sizing of inverter and PV generator
Wiring and protective tools
Excel (Calculation and sizing of PS installations)
Definition
consists of capturing energy
solar through panels
photovoltaics to produce
of electricity that powers
an electric pump
allowing to ensure the
pumping water.
Solar pumping diagram
Energy
of sun
Energy Energy
electric hydraulic
Mechanical energy
the main elements of a system
solar pumping
Pump Protective tools
Photovoltaic panels
Variator
The cables
Tubes
Structure
The components
Pump
Types of water pumps
Volumetric pumps:
Volumetric pumps consist of a moving element that moves within a perfectly fixed body.
I adjusted.
The fluid is moved by a movement between the suction port and the discharge port due to the
decrease in upstream pressure.
Main features:
for a low flow rate
good yields
self-starters
Types of water pumps
Centrifugal pumps:
Centrifugal pumps are hydraulic machines characterized by their ability to
transmit energy to fluids (particularly liquids) through centrifugal force.
The main objective is to transfer fluids by increasing pressure.
centrifugal pumps may have different designs, but their principle of
the operation and their dynamic characteristics of fluids are always the
same.
Schematically, centrifugal pumps are made up of a rotor called a turbine or
wheel that turns inside a body.
Choice of pump
total manometric height HMT (m)
2. The hourly flow rate Qh m3/h
submersible pump Surface pump
Engine
An electric motor is a machine that converts electrical energy into mechanical energy.
Types of engines:
Alternating current:
- Synchronous motor
- Asynchronous motor
Direct current:
- Series excited motor
- Parallel excitation motor
- Compound excited motor
Engine
Three-phase motor: 220 V 380 V
Engine
Single Phase Motor:
Engine protection
Level relays:
Level control relays are regulators for
conductive liquids that allow to maintain the liquids at
within the limits set between a maximum level and a
minimum level and ensure the protection of the pumps
immersed against dry operation.
The operating principle is based on the raising of
the liquid's resistance thanks to the control box
which several probes are connected (between 3 and 5 depending on the
model).
Variable speed drive inverter
- Convert the DC, produced by the solar generator, into AC.
- Pump inverters are generally variable frequency to allow for a
variation in the rotation speed of the pump.
Roles of variators
- Search for the maximum power point of
power ( MPPT )
- Fixed voltage, the inverter imposes a fixed voltage of
generator that corresponds to its power point
maximum
- Controlled acceleration
- Controlled deceleration
- The variation and regulation of speed
Solar PV panel
The solar panel is characterized by
• The maximum continuous tension, known as open circuit voltage or no-load voltage;
Its peak power:
It is the maximum power (P=UxI) that a PV module can provide. The solar energy density that reaches the boundary
the external atmosphere facing the sun is commonly measured at 1,360 W/m2 (with a variation of a few
percent per year). During the passage through the atmosphere, this radiation of 1,360 W/m2 (Solar constant) undergoes
losses, due to its absorption by atmospheric gases and water vapor.
That is why we have acknowledged the standardized conditions of sunlight known as STC (Standard Test Conditions)
are:
1,000 W/m2
• a solar spectrum AM 1.5 and 25°C ambient temperature. This corresponds to quite strong sunlight, the sun at
zenith, the sky perfectly clear
its maximum yield:
The maximum yield of a photovoltaic panel will therefore be the ratio of the peak power generated to the power.
luminous received under STC conditions (1000 W/m2, 25°C).
Sizing
DIMENSIONING PROCESS
the existence of pump Absence of pump
1. Choice of dimmer 1. Choice of the pump
2. Number of modules 2. Channeling
3. Cabling 3. Choice of controller
4. Number of modules
5. Wiring
Calculation of needs
1. Calculation of the total manometric height HMT
2. Identification of water needs Qh m3/h
Calculation of HMT
HMT=H1+H2+Pc(H1+H2)
Pc: Pressure losses in (m) 10%
Water demand identification Qh m3/hour
Qh=Qj/Ne
Qj :Besoin journalier en eau m3/j
Number of equivalent sunshine hours for the critical month (h/d)
Ne=Gso/1000 conditions standards :1000 W/m2
Month January Feb Mars Avr Mai Juin Juillet Août September
Oct Nov Dec
Irradiation
2880 3900 5550 6560 7440 8210 8160 7390 6700 4400 3150 2550
(Wh/m2/day
Table 1 Average daily irradiation for the Tangier region
Choice of water pump
Hydraulic power:
Hydraulic energy:
Eh:Hydraulic energy (Kwh/j) Ch=g.ρ/3600
ChHydraulic constant (Kg.s.h/m2)
g : the acceleration of gravity (9.81 m²/s).
Volume of water (m3/day)
ρ: the density of the pumped liquid
HMTTotal manometric head (m)
(kg/m3).
PUMP CHOICE
In practice, we choose the
pump based on flow rate and of the
total manometric height.
Engine choice
Pmoteur⩾ Pm
PUMP CHOICE
Pump characteristics Our need
Qh (Hourly flow)
2. HMT
3. Power > [Link]: Flow rate m3/h
[Link]: the height of elevation
3 Pm
PUMP CHOICE
PUMP CHOICE
CHOICE OF VARIATOR
Power of the variator
> Pump power
CHOICE OF VARIATOR
PV compatibility - inverter
Voltage compatibility Number of panels in series
Current compatibility Number of panels in parallel
Panels in series and parallel
PV compatibility - inverter
Variable speed drive Photovoltaic panels
Maximum name in series
MPPT voltage range
Minimal number in series
Maximum input current Maximum number in parallel
Peak power of photovoltaic panels
the required peak electric power
Power
of engine
choose
Number of PV panels
Inclination
This formula for calculating the optimal tilt (latitude of the location + 10°) is valid
that in the case where we want to maximize the solar irradiation received in winter and
when the orientation is due South. If the orientation is not due South, one will be able to
use the following approximate formula:
Optimal inclination = (latitude of the location + 10°) × (1 - Orientation/180°)
Orientation
OrientationThe solar panels are important for capturing
at best the sun and produce a maximum of energy. Thus
the installation will be profitable faster.
● For a fixed installation, it will be necessary to prioritize the orientation of the
panels to the south. It is the orientation that receives the most energy.
solar throughout a day, and this all year round.
● Again, thanks to this diagram, you will see that the more you
the further you move away from the south, the more your production will be affected.
We go from 100% directly south to less than 60% due east or
due west.
Space between the panels
Canalization
Wiring
Protective tools
Fuses
sectional
DC surge protector
DC circuit breaker 4P
3-Pole AC Circuit Breaker
Sizing of the switch
switch
The switch-disconnector must be sized according to the following rule:
V = 1.15 x Vco and I = 1.25 x Icc.
M, the number of modules in series:
N, the number of parallel strings:
Icc, the short-circuit current of the photovoltaic module (under standard test conditions STC): The
The assigned current of the switch must be at least equal to N × Icc, increased by a factor of 1.25 (recommended.
by the UTE C15-712.
Vco, the open circuit voltage of the chain (under standard testing conditions STC): The rated voltage
The switch must be at least equal to M × Vco, increased by a factor of 1.15 (recommended by UTE C15-
712).
VARIABLE ORDER
example: