THREE-PHASE INDUCTION MOTOR

[Link] :
The asynchronous motor consists of two distinct parts: the stator and the rotor. .

I.1. Stator(fixed part of the engine)

I.1.1. Presentation

It is identical to that of synchronous machines, that is to say made up of 3

windings formed from conductors housed in notches.
These windings are traversed by three-phase currents, leading to the creation of a
rotating magnetic field at the frequency ns = f / p and at the speed s =ω/ p

I.1.2. Coupling on the network

On the nameplate of an asynchronous motor, there is an indication regarding the voltages.

(ex: 127 V / 230 V). This means that, regardless of the network, each winding must be subjected to
nominal regime, at the voltage corresponding to the lowest indicated value (here 127V). Depending on the
network, it will therefore be necessary to perform the appropriate coupling.

Example: Indication on the nameplate: 230V / 400V Each winding must therefore be
subjected to 230V.

I.1.3. Wiring diagram

Three-phase motors have 3 windings that are connected to 6 terminals marked U1, V1, W1 and U2,
V2, W2; the positioning of three bars allows the motor to be powered under two different voltages .

I.2. Rotor(mobile part of the engine)

The rotor is not connected to any power supply. It spins at the rotation speed. There are 2 possibilities:

I.2.1. Squirrel cage rotor

He wears a set of conductive bars, often made of aluminum,

lodged in a stack of sheets.
The ends of the bars are connected by two conductive rings.
Note: The squirrel cage rotor has very low resistance: it is said to be short-circuited.
I.2.2. Coiled rotor
The rotor has notches in which are housed some
conductors forming a three-phase winding.
The windings are generally accessible through 3
rings and 3 brooms, thus allowing to modify the characteristics of
the machine.
Note: The rotor has non-negligible resistances, hence
the appearance of losses due to Joule effect in the rotorPjr

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 I.3. Operation
The stator creates a rotating magnetic field in the air gap at the speed s= / p(speed of
synchronism) and to the frequency ns = f/p.
The rotor, subjected to this rotating field, generates induced currents which, in accordance with Lenz's law,
oppose this rotation by causing the rotor to rotate in the same direction, at the speed (in the
frequency. n
Note: At charge, this speed is always slightly less than s.

II. Slip
synchronous rotation speed of the let: n = (1–g) ns
ns–n = Ω s – Ω rotating field (tr/s)
g= n rotor rotation speed (rev/s) n=0 g=1
ns Ωs
ngslip speed (tr/s)g= ns–n n = ns g=0

III. Frequency of induced currents

The rotor sees a rotating stator field at the slip frequency n.g= g ns. Let :fg= g f = fr

IV. Assessment of strengths

- Absorbed power : P = √3UI cos 
S = √3UI
Q = √3UI sin 

- Power transmitted to the rotor: This power is transmitted to the rotor by the electromagnetic torque.

Ptr= P–Pfs- Pjs= CeΩs with Cemoment of electromagnetic couple in Nm.

Ωs: synchronous angular speed (2..n) in rad/s.

Power on the rotor: Pr= Ptr–Pjr= CeΩ Cemoment of the electromagnetic couple in Nm.
Pél = Pr Ωrotor angular velocity (2. .n) in rad/s.

- Useful Power : PU= CUΩ with PU= P -ΣLosses.

- Joule Losses Stator :

Si r is the resistance of a phase of the stator: PJs= 3 rI2for the star coupling
PJs= 3 rj2for the triangle coupling
YesR is the resistance between phases of the coupled stator andI the intensity online then :Pjs(3/2) RI2

- Joule Losses Rotor : Pjr= g Ptr Ptrpower transmitted to the rotor

gslipping.
V. Yield PU C UΩ P–Pjs-Pfs–Pjr- Pm
η= = =
P √3UI cos P

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VI. Characteristics:

VI.1. No-load operation

The engine does not drive a load.
Consequence: the slip is zero and the motor is running at synchronous speed.
A video: g = 0 and therefore n = ns and the absorbed power P0= Pdude+ Pfs+ Pjs0

VI.2. Operating under load

The engine is now loaded, meaning that its shaft drives a resistive load which
opposes the movement of the rotor.
In steady state, or established state: Cu= Cr

VI.3. Mechanical characteristic CU= f (n)

The operating point is located at the intersection of the engine's mechanical characteristic and the
curve that characterizes the resistant couple of the load.
The mechanical characteristic of the engine in Cu(Nm)
the useful part is a segment of line . Cr(Nm)
To draw it, you just need two points. The first one is
generally given by the study of a specific case, the Cu1
second is derived from the empty test. In this test, the
useful couple is null, it is associated with a frequency of
rotation considered equal to the frequency of
synchronism. n' (tr/s)
0 n'1 n

The operating point (Cu1; n1Allows for very easy calculation of slip and power
useful in this specific case.

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[Link] OF INDUCTION MOTORS TO THE THREE-PHASE NETWORK
Coupling and starting modes:

1-Introduction :
When powering up an induction motor, it causes a high inrush current that can
cause significant voltage drops in an electrical installation. For these reasons among others, it is necessary to
sometimes perform a different start than the direct start. It therefore makes sense to limit the current during
the startup to an acceptable value. But if you limit the current, you limit consequently the voltage (in certain
just in case).

2-Choice of a starter:
The choice of a starter will be related to:
to the nature of the load to be moved
to the type of asynchronous motor
to the power of the machine
to the power of the electrical line
to the required speed range for the application.
3-Delta and Star Coupling.
The three-phase asynchronous motor has a terminal plate where the ends of the
stator windings:

The star or delta coupling is chosen based on the characteristics of the motor: The nameplate
An asynchronous motor always specifies two possible operating voltages:
Example: 230/400 or 380/660
The smallest indicated value is the rated voltage of a winding (one phase of the motor).
consequently the three-phase asynchronous motor is connected:
In a triangle: when the phase-to-phase voltage (composite voltage) of the power supply network is equal to the
lowest operating voltage:

motor 380/660 Network: 220V / 380V (380 V = voltage between phases of the network)
Symbol: Δ or D.

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In star: When the phase voltage of the power supply network is equal to the operating voltage
the highest:

Example motor: 230/400 Network: 230 / 400

Another example: Motor with the nameplate indicating: 230/400. Three-phase network: 132 / 230.
The coupling must be TRIANGLE (The voltage between phases of the network = 230 V which corresponds to the voltage
of a winding (230V) of the motor

4-Starting processes:
a- Direct start:
Diagram:
PH

Id

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3 ~ N

Operation:
A pulse on S2 powers the relay (KM1): the KM1 contacts close and the relay is self-powered.
The engine starts. The stop is achieved by a push on S1.
The startup is therefore achieved in one go; the stator of the motor is directly coupled to the network.
The advantages of direct starting:
Simplicity of the control equipment
Important starting torque (1.5 to 2 times the nominal torque)
quick start (2 to 3 seconds)
The disadvantages of direct starting:

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The inrush current when turning on is very high, ranging from 4 to 8 times the nominal current.
- Sudden start: not recommended if the start needs to be gentle and gradual (treadmill, conveyor, etc.)
Usage:
Starting is reserved for low power motors (P < 5kW) due to the significant current draw during startup.
of the start.
b- Stator starting with resistors:
Scheme:

0
Order of march

1 KM1
Timing

2 KM1 KM2
Opening of stoppage

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3 ~
Operation:
The start takes place in two stages:
Initially, a resistor is connected in series with each phase of the stator (Closure of KM11)
In the second step, we short-circuit the resistances (Closure of KM1)
Operation of the control part:
1er time - Impulse on S2: the KM11 relay is activated and the KM11 contacts (power part) close. The
the relay is self-powered.
2ndtime - The timed switch KM11 closes, triggering the power to relay KM1: The contacts
KM1 powers short-circuit the resistors.
The stop is achieved by a push on S1.
Advantages of this type of start:
No power interruption during startup. Strong reduction of transient current spikes.
Possibility of adjusting values at startup.
Disadvantage :
Power loss in the resistors. Significant torque loss. The starting current is still high.
(4.5 In)

c- Star/delta starting:
This starting mode can only be used if both ends of each winding are accessible.
Moreover, the motor must be compatible with a final delta coupling.

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 Calculate:
IdY = V/Z = U/(Z.√3).
JdD = U/Z and IdD = √[Link] = √3.U/Z.
We take the ratio: IdY/IdD = 1/3.
Likewise:
CdY = K.V². et CdD = K.U².
We make the ratio: CdY/CdD = 1/3.
Conclusion: The current and the torque of
start-up is reduced by three.

Schemas:

I
I C

IY
CY

N N

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 Functioning:
The startup occurs in two stages:
First step: Star (Y) coupling of the motor:
The windings are subjected to a tension of U/√3.
The starting current Id is reduced compared to direct starting. (Id = 1.3 to 2.6 In)
The starting torque is weaker than in direct starting (0.2 to 0.5 Cn)
Second step: Delta (Δ) coupling of the motor:
When the engine is started, we switch to the delta coupling. The resulting overcurrent is less significant.
when starting directly and the motor reaches its nominal speed at full voltage.
Advantages of this type of start:
Relatively inexpensive starter
The starting current is lower than direct and therefore less disruptive to the network.
Disadvantage:
Weak starting couple
Power cut and significant transients at the Etoile/triangle crossing.
Usage:
Reserved mainly for machines starting without load.
Operation of the control part:
A pulse on S2 powers the relay KM1. The contacts KM1 close and the relay KM2 is activated: it
the auto-feeding (KM2: 13-14 is closed). The power contacts KM1 and KM2 being closed, we have a
star coupling.
After t seconds, the time delay contactor (KM2: 55-56) opens, causing a slight
delays the closing of contact 67-68: The relay KM3 is then powered. The contacts KM2 and KM3 are therefore
closed: it is the Triangle coupling.
Note: The slight delay in closing contacts 67-68 is necessary to eliminate any risk of a short circuit.
des phases (KM3 et KM1 ne doivent jamais être fermés en même temps). Arrêt moteur si appuie sur S1.

d- Voltage reduced by autotransformer:

First, we start the motor on a star-coupled autotransformer. As a result, the
the motor is powered under a reduced adjustable voltage. Before switching to full voltage, the coupling is opened.
star of the autotransformer, which sets up inductances on each line slightly limiting the peak and
almost immediately, these inductances are short-circuited to couple the motor directly to the grid.

0
Marching order

1 KM1 KM3
Timing 1

2 KM1
Timing 2
3 KM1 KM2

Stop Order
Id = 1,7 à 4 In
Cd = 0.5 to 0.85 Cn
This starting mode is mainly used for high power (> 100 kW) and leads to cost of
the installation is relatively high, especially for the design of the autotransformer.

e-Rotary start:
In all the previous starters, we only used squirrel cage motors. For this
starter, we need to have access to the rotor conductor. Adding resistors to the
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rotor causes a limitation of the current peak at startup. In addition, it has the advantage, if the resistances
are well chosen, to start with the maximum torque of the engine.
Power circuit Control circuit

1 3 5
Q1 F1 95
Q1 F2
2 4 6 96 Marching order
1
S1 2 1 KM1
1 3 5
13 Timing
KM1 3 KM1
2 4 6 S2 2 KM1 KM2
1 3 5 14
4
F2 Stop Order
2 4 6 68
KM1
V1W1 67 Remark :
1 Rh 1 3 5
This type of startup is in
KM2
2 4 6 disappearance route, the best
K M
L economic choice being the
electronic variator.
Operation: KM1 KM2

The start occurs in two phases:

1ortime: Closure of contacts KM1, the motor starts with resistors in series with
the rotor windings.
2emeTime: Closure of contacts KM2, short-circuited resistors.
Operation of the control circuit:
A pulse on S2 excites the contactor KM1, starting in [Link]. After t seconds the
Timed contact KM1: 67-68 closes to excite contactor KM2, starting in 2eme
moment. A push on S1 stops the motor.

Electronic starters:
They allow for a gradual start of the engines, they replace the starter technology.
electromagnetic mentioned in the previous paragraphs.
The starters consist of a three-phase dimmer.
The supply network voltage is applied
progressively to the motor's stator.
The variation of the stator voltage is obtained
by the continuous variation of the delay angle α to
the triggering of the thyristors of the dimmer.

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g- Summary table:

Direct start Starters Startup Startup by auto Rotary start Starter

static triangle transformer electronics
Current of
100% 33% 50% 40/65/80% 70% 150 to 750%
startup
Surcharge on
4 to 8 In 1.3 to 1.6 In 4.5 In 1.7 to 4 In <2.5 In
line
Couple in % 10 to 50%
100% 33% 50% 40/65/80%
of Cd (50 to 100% in 100ms)
Initial couple
0.6 to 1.5 Cn 0.2 to 0.5 Cn 0.6 to 0.85 Cn 0.4 to 0.85 Cn 0.4 to 0.85 Cn <2.5 Cn
at startup
order T.O.R Terms of Reference1 fixed crane 3 fixed cranes From 1 to 5 notches electronics
advantages - simple starter - economical possibilities of good report very good value Startup without
and economic good relationship settings of couple/current couple/current coup
couple at couple/current values at possibilities of possibility of progressive increase
startup startup settings of values adjustment of values at speed
important No cut at startup at startup limitation of the call
of food current at
during the startup
start
disadvantages - current spike couple of -low reduction of -requires a car ring motor plus price
very important weak start the current transformer tip costly
brutal start cut on startup expensive
food supply requires presents risks
change of {"text":"resistances"}of disrupted network
coupling voluminous
-6 terminal engine

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Fig1 Fig2 Fig3
3
3
3

6
3
3

Fig4 Fig5
4
3 3

6 3

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 SINGLE-PHASE INDUCTION MOTOR
I- Principle:
A rotating magnetic field B can be created at
the help of 2 phase-shifted windings (by 90°) by a
capacitor with capacity C, the metal disk
(rotor) is driven by the action of this rotating field
The reversal of the direction of rotation is achieved by
inversion of the power supply of the circuit consisting of:
the secondary winding 2 and the capacitor C.
Main winding.
2: Starting secondary winding.
C: starting capacity.

II- Different types of startups:

1- Start by launch:
After powering on the stator, we can manually start the motor in one direction or the other.
2- Starting by auxiliary phase:
An auxiliary starting winding, powered by a phase-shifted current of 90° by a capacitor.
of capacity C which improves the starting. See diagram above.
III- Relation :
Speed: n = f/p
Slip: g = (ns-n)/ns
Efficiency: η = Pu/Pa With: Pa = [Link]φ.
IV-Transformation of a three-phase asynchronous motor into a single-phase one:

w
xy

z y
x u c v
z w
u v

U U/√3

Two phases connected in series or in parallel depending on the coupling. The third connected in series with a
Capacitor constitutes the auxiliary phase.
V- Linear induction motor :
1- Principle: If we develop the stator of an asynchronous motor, we obtain a linear motor.
2- Different types of linear motors:
a- Linear stator motor:
Linear stator

Cage of induced currents

Cylinder head where the flow closes.

b- Two linear stator motors:

Usage:
Electric traction.
Band training
Carrier.
Large stroke cylinder.

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SYMBOLS OF ROTATING MACHINES

13
 EXERCISES ON THREE-PHASE ASYNCHRONOUS MOTORS

Exercise 1:
The nameplate of a three-phase asynchronous motor with four poles (4 poles) is as follows:

230 V/400 V; 50 Hz;

4.2 kW ; cos = 0.85
15.1 A / 8.7 A; 1450 rpm.

The motor is powered by the 230 V/400 V network.

What is the meaning of the information provided by the nameplate?
2) How should this machine be connected to the network? Why?
What should be the effective value of the nominal current intensity:
a) in a winding?
b) online?
What is the synchronous frequency ns of the motor?
5) Calculate the slip g at nominal operating conditions.
6) Calculate the nominal torque moment Cn.
7) Calculate the nominal active power absorbed Pa and the efficiency η at nominal operating conditions.
8) Express the speed n as a function of f, g, and p (where p is the number of pairs of poles).
9) How to vary the speed n of this motor?
10) The motor drives a load whose resisting torque is proportional to the speed n:
Cr = 17,12.10-3n (n in rpm). It is considered that the engine torque characteristic Cm = f(n)
is a line segment passing through the point (1500; 0) and the nominal point. Determine the point
of operation of the motor-load group.

Exercise 2:
Let there be a three-phase asynchronous motor with a wound rotor, the nameplate bears the following indications:
220/380V–50Hz. Network available at a phase voltage of 380V. The useful torque characteristic in
the function of the engine's rotation speed (Cu = f(n)) is given by the following table:
Cu (N.m) 60 70 85 102 102 90 70 45 20
n (rpm) 450 600 800 1100 1200 1300 1350 1400 1450
The motor drives a load: circular saw whose characteristics are:
Operating service: Continuous (S1).
Mechanical power: 6.5KW.
Idling.
MD² at 1500 rpm equals 1 kg.m².
Ambient temperature 50°C (Class E).
Horizontal axis mounted on a slide.
Direct training.
The characteristic resistant torque as a function of the load rotation speed: Cr = 36.103/n.
1) How should the stator windings of the MAS be connected? Justify your answer.
2) Establish the diagram of the power and control circuits of the motor. Rotor starting in two.
time, semi-automatic control by push-button box on/off, one direction of rotation.
Provide the necessary protections.
3) Using the document on page 150:
a–Correct the power according to the ambient temperature.
Determine the engine mounting method.
Determine the type of engine.
Determine the operating point.
The rotor starter of the MAS is replaced by a stator starter using a variator.
three-phase. Establish the new power circuit diagram of the motor.

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CHOICE ELEMENT OF A TRIPHASE ASYNCHRONOUS MOTOR

Correction coefficients

Mounting methods

15
Exercise 3:
Study of a pump motor: Network: 220/380V-50Hz.
It is a three-phase squirrel cage asynchronous motor 220/380V-50Hz; direct start; the characteristic
The torque as a function of the rotation speed (Cu = f(n)) is given by the following table:
Cu (N.m) 60 70 85 102 102 90 70 45 20
N (rpm) 450 600 800 1100 1200 1300 1350 1400 1450
The characteristics of the pump are:
Horizontal shaft centrifugal pump mounted on a slide.
Direct training, flow rate: q = 20 l/s.
Manometric height h = 24m.
Startup under load: MD² = 4Kg.m² at 1500rpm.
Altitude : at = 1200m.
Ambient temperature: ta = 50°C.
The resistant couple Cr varies linearly with the rotation speed n: Cr = 0.032.n.
The pump operates automatically thanks to the water level detection by the two
floats h and b in the tank and a float P in the well. But the operator can intervene to
stop or start manually by two push buttons run MA and stop AT, except in
two cases where the tank is full or the well is empty.
1) Determine graphically the operating point of the motor-pump group.
2) Calculate the pump drive power using Table 1.
3) Make the necessary power corrections and provide the available power using
Table 2. Compare this power with that of training and conclude.
4) Choose the appropriate type of engine using Table 3.
5) How should the stator windings of the motor be coupled? Justify your answer.
6) Complete the diagrams of the power and control circuits of the motor by anticipating the
necessary protection. Page 153. Table 1
Pumping devices Ventilation devices
P in kW P in KW
g = 9.81 m/s² g = 9.81 m/s²
Water flow Water flow
in l/s. in m³/h.
h: Manometric height in m Total pressure in mm
Pump efficiency:
water.
Centrifugal pump η=0.6
Piston pump η=0.65. Yield of
P= h = ha + hr + p. P= fan
(g.q.h)/(1000.η) h: Manometric height in m. (g.q.p)/(1000.η) Fan at
Suction height in m. helice=0.25
Discharge height in Fan
m. centrifuge=0,6.
p: Assessed charge losses
in meters of water height in
the ducts.

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 Table 2
Correction based on ambient temperature: ta > 40°C.
If the ambient temperature is above 40°C, the power Température ambiante : ta Cœfficient correcteur:
the engine undergoes a Kt downgrade as indicated by the Kt
table on the opposite side. Example:
45°c 95/100
10KW motor ta = 45°c. 50°c 90/100
Declassification: Kt = 95/100.
55°c 85/100
Available power:
Pm=10.95/100=9.5KW.
either a downgrade of 99/100 on Pn per °C above
40°c.
Table 2 (continuation) Correction according to altitude (at > 1000m)
If the operating altitude is above 1000m, the engine power undergoes a
declassification Ka according to the relationship on the side. Example:
100KW motor at = 3000m. Ka = (11000-at)/10000.
Declassification:
Ka = (11000–3000)/10000 = 0.8.
Available power: Pm = 100.0,8 = 80KW.
Tableau 3 ELEMENT OF CHOICE FOR A THREE-PHASE MOTOR
Type Power Intensity Couple Load characteristics Mass
in KW In/380V Id/In Md/Mn Rend the 4/4 Cosφ 4/4 In Kg
LS 56 L 0.09 0.38 2.89 1.80 0.54 0.67 4
LS 63 L(E) 0.12 0.43 2.79 2.00 0.55 0.80 4
LS 63 L(E) 0.18 0.60 3.50 2.10 0.63 0.78 5
LS 71 L 0.25 0.82 3.90 1.80 0.61 0.75 8.4
LS 71 L 0.37 1.1 4.36 1.85 0.67 0.76 7.3
LS 80 L1 0.55 1.65 3.9 1.80 0.66 0.76 9
LS 80 L2 0.75 2 4.3 1.85 0.69 0.80 10.5
LS 80 L3 0.9 2.4 5.2 2.80 0.73 0.77 11.5
LS 90 S1 1.1 2.7 4.9 2.00 0.74 0.83 14
LS 90 L2 1.5 3.6 5.5 2.20 0.77 0.82 15
LS 90 L3 1.8 4.3 5.4 2.10 0.77 0.83 17
LS 100 L1 2.2 5.2 5.3 2.40 0.78 0.82 21
LS 100 L2 3 7 6.1 2.60 0.80 0.82 23
LS 112 M1 4 9.1 6.2 2.40 0.82 0.81 28
LS 132 S30 5.5 12 6.2 2.40 0.81 0.85 45
LS 132 M1 7.5 15.8 7 2.50 0.85 0.85 56
LS 132 M2 9 18.6 8.2 2.60 0.85 0.86 62
LS 160 M 11 22 5 2.10 0.87 0.87 80
LS 160 L 15 29.3 5.8 2.40 0.89 0.86 97
LS 180 MT 18.5 36.4 5.8 2.50 0.885 0.87 113
LS 180 L 22 44.1 5.5 2.40 0.89 0.85 135
LS 200 LT 30 60 6.3 2.50 0.895 0.85 170
LS 225 ST 37 72 6.4 2.70 0.905 0.86 210
LS 225 M 45 85.5 6 2.70 0.91 0.86 275
LS 250 M 55 106 6.6 2.70 0.92 0.86 315
LS 280 ST 75 145 7 3.10 0.92 0.85 400
LS 280 M 90 173 7 3.10 0.925 0.85 565
LS 315 ST 110 211 7.4 3.40 0.93 0.85 685
Range of closed three-phase asynchronous motors LS 220/380V-50Hz-IP 54
Squirrel cage. Reduced current draw.
Class of insulators B.
Rotation frequency: 1500 rpm. (4 poles).

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MORE
3~

18
Exercise 4:
An asynchronous motor with slip rings has the following characteristics: 95 kW; 230V/400V; 50 Hz; 8
poles.
1) Knowing that it is powered by a three-phase line at 400V, what should the coupling be?
2) Calculate the frequency synchronism.
of
On the move, the sliding is worth 4%:
3) Derive the rotation frequency.
What is the value of the useful couple then.
The engine is very powerful, we can neglect its stator and mechanical losses. For the nominal speed:
5) Calculate the absorbed electrical power.
6) Calculate the current intensity absorbed at the stator if the power factor is
from 0.83. The motor is now powered by a 230 V line.
7) What is the stator coupling?
8) Calculate the effective value of the current intensity in the line.
9) Calculate the effective value of the current intensity in a winding.

Exercise 5:
A three-phase squirrel cage motor has the following ratings 220V / 380V:
A video: Io = 5,2 A Po = 390 W
In charge: I = 7.5 A P = 4070 W
We measured the resistance between two phases of the stator at hot R = 2.2 .
Assuming that the mechanical and magnetic losses are equal, calculate the efficiency of the motor if the
The rotation frequency is 1430 rpm.

Exercise 6:
An asynchronous motor is such that:
In fact, its rotation frequency is close to synchronism.
The charge of its mechanical characteristic is practically linear.
En fonctionnement nominal, on a déterminé :Pa = 3,4 kW ;η= 86,5 % ; n’= 1440 tr/min
Calculate the synchronous frequency and the number of poles.
1) Calculate the moment of the useful torque.
2) Give the equation of the mechanical characteristic in its useful part.
In a low-load operation, the slip is 2.67 %.
4) Give the rotation frequency.
5) Determine the useful torque and the useful power.
6) The resistant couple of the driven machine is 22 Nm. Calculate the slip.

Exercise 7:
A three-phase four-pole squirrel-cage asynchronous motor draws a current of 340 A under full load.
and a power of 207 kW at a voltage of 380 V, 50 Hz. The slip is then g = 1.2 %.
Knowing the resistance between two terminals of the stator R equal to 0.018Ω and the collective losses Pc of 5200
W. The losses mécaniques et magnétiques sont égales. Calculer :
1) The power factor.
The rotation frequency.
3) The different losses.
4) The useful power.
5) The yield.
6) The moment of the torque transmitted to the rotor and the moment of the useful torque.

19
Exercise 8:
A three-phase asynchronous motor has the following information on its nameplate: 230V/400V,
50Hz; 960 RPM; cos 0.83.
We measured the resistance of a stator winding at hot and found 0.6 .
1) We connect this motor to a 400V, 50Hz network. What coupling should we adopt?
A no-load test is performed. The line current intensity is I = 5.1A and
0 the received power
P0 = 470W.
Knowing that in this test, the engine runs almost in synchronism, deduce its frequency of
rotation at see and its number of pole pairs.
3) Determine the power factor in this test.
4) Deduce from this test the iron losses in the stator and the mechanical losses. It will be assumed that they are
equals.
5) A test is carried out at nominal power, and the active power received by this motor is measured.
(méthode des deux wattmètres). On trouveP = 4300WetP
1 = 1900W. 2
6) Calculate the active power received
7) Calculate the effective intensity of the current in the line
8) Calculate the stator losses due to Joule effect
9) Calculate the rotor losses due to Joule effect
10) Calculate the useful power
11) Calculate the moment of the useful torque
12) Calculate the yield
13) What are the two currents and the power indicated on the nameplate?

Exercise 9:
A three-phase asynchronous motor, with the stator connected in a delta configuration, has the nominal characteristics.
following:
Useful power: 40 kW; voltage across the terminals of a winding: 220 V, 50 Hz.
Line intensity: 131 A.
Rotation frequency: 1455 rpm.
The resistance measured hot between 2 terminals of the stator is 0.038 .
In the whole problem, the motor is powered by a three-phase 220 V network.
phases, 50 Hz. A no-load test gave:
Absorbed power at no load: P =01850W
Line current: I = 31.2 A.0
The mechanical losses, assumed to be constant, are equal to P dude = 740 W.
What is the number of poles of the stator?
2) Calculate for the nominal load:
a) The sliding
b) The power transmitted to the rotor.
c) Losses in iron and losses due to Joule effect stator
d) The absorbed power.
e) The yield and the factor of power.
f) The moment of the useful couple.
3) The mechanical characteristic Cu(n') of the engine is comparable, in its useful part, to a portion
line passing through the points: (n' = 1500 rpm; Cu = 0 Nm) and (n' = 1425 rpm; Cu = 430 Nm).
a) Give its equation.
b) The engine operates below its nominal load: it drives a machine with a
independent couple resistant of the speed and moment C = 130 R Nm. What is the frequency of
engine rotation?
4) We accidentally connected the star winding of the stator to the 220 V network at a frequency of 50 Hz.
What is the voltage across the terminals of a stator winding?

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 b) Calculate the useful torque moment Cu for n' = 1425 rpm, and provide the new equation of the
Mechanical characteristic Cu (n'). (It is reminded that, for a fixed slip g, the moment of the couple
useful is proportional to the square of the voltage across a winding of the stator.
c) The motor driving the same machine as in question 3.2., what is the speed of the motor.

Exercise 10:
In a new ski resort, a cable car needs to be installed. The Town Hall has had
a small energy study.

Station

F
F cable


V  Tensile force F = 25 kN
cabin

village
500 m

1) Calculate the energy involved in making an ascent.

2) The climb lasts 5 minutes and 26 seconds. Calculate:
a) the linear speed v of the cabin's movement in m/s ;
the required useful power Pu.
3) The four-pole three-phase asynchronous motor in use operates under load with a line current of
150A il est alimenté par un réseau 230 V/400 V ; 50 Hz. Le glissement du moteur est g = 3 %, son
yield
= 90%. Calculate:
a) Pa, the active power absorbed by the motor;
b) the synchronous frequency ns (in rpm);
c) the rotation frequency n of the motor (in rpm).
The resistance of the windings measured between two phases is 90 m The losses in the iron of
The stators are 1.5 kW. Calculate:
a) the losses due to Joule effect in the stator Pjs ;
b) the power transmitted to the rotor Ptr (take Pa = 83.5 kW);
c) the Joule losses in the rotor Pjr.

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Exercise 11 :
A four-pole three-phase asynchronous motor 220/380V with a wound rotor is powered by a 220V/50 Hz network.
A no-load test at a rotational frequency very close to synchronism provided an absorbed power,
measured by the two wattmeter method: P = 1160 W1P = - 660 W. 2
A load test yielded:
- courant absorbé : I = 12,2 A,
- glissement : g = 6 %,
absorbed power measured by the two wattmeter method:
P1 = 2500 W 2P = 740 W. The resistance of a stator winding is R = 1Ω.
1) Which is, of the two voltages indicated on the nameplate, the one that can be supported by a
stator winding? Deduce the connection of the stator to a 220 V network.
2) In the no-load operation, assumed to be balanced, calculate
a) the rotational frequency (equal to the synchronous frequency);
b) the reactive power Q 0 absorbed;
c) the line current intensity I; 0
the no-load power factor cosφ; 0
e) the constant losses. Deduce the iron losses in the stator assumed to be equal to the mechanical losses.
3) In load operation, calculate:
a) the rotation frequency;
b) the power transmitted to the rotor;
c) useful power, efficiency;
d) the moment of useful torque on the Cu shaft;
e) the power factor.
4) Calculate the capacity of the capacitors which, arranged in a triangle, would raise the factor to 0.86 AR.
engine power under load.
What would be the new line intensity then?
6) This engine drives a machine whose resistant torque moment Cr in Nm is given as a function of the
rotation frequency in rpm by the relation: Cr = 8.10 n'. The useful -6 2part of the feature Cu (n')
The engine is a straight line. Determine the rotation frequency of the group and calculate the useful power of the
engine.

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Braking of asynchronous machines

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Wound rotor asynchronous motor

squirrel cage induction motor

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