Jose Rizal

Dr. José Protasio Rizal Mercado y Alonso Realonda (June 19, 1861–December 30, 1896) is the seventh in
the eleventh child of the couple Francisco Engracio Rizal Mercado y Alejandro and his wife Teodora
Morales Alonzo Realonda and Quintos. José Rizal was born in Calamba, Laguna. They are Saturnina, Paciano,
Narcissa, Olimpia, Lucia, Maria, Jose, Concepcion, Josefa, Trinidad, and Soledad are his siblings.

Rizal's mother was his first teacher and taught him the alphabet when he was just three years old.
only. When he turned nine years old, he was sent to Biñan, Laguna to study at
under the guidance of Justiano Aquino Cruz. A few months ago, he advised Rizal's parents.
to study him in Manila.

The Ateneo Municipal de Manila was the first school he entered on the second of January.
In 1872, according to a translation of Noli me tangere by Guzman et al., during his stay at this school, he received
she received all the main medals and outstanding grades in all subjects. It was also in this school that she
He received his Bachelor of Arts with honors, along with the highest distinction.

The following year, she took Philosophy and Literature at the University of Santo Tomas. At Ateneo,
At the same time, he took up Agricultural Science. Afterwards, he pursued the field of medicine in said
University (of Santo Tomas) after learning that his mother developed cataracts. On May 5,
1882, due to his inability to accept the discriminatory and scrutinizing treatment of the Spanish priests towards
indigenous students, he went to Spain. There he enrolled in the Central University of Madrid, where
In the second year, he completed his Medicine career as 'outstanding' (very good). When
the following year, he obtained a degree in Philosophy and Letters. He traveled to France and specialized in
treatment for eye pain at a clinic there. Then he went to Heidelberg, Germany, where
we still have a title.

In the year he graduated from Medicine, he studied the English language, in addition to the
language that he knows like French. Rizal is a linguist who knows Arabic, Catalan,
Tsino, Inggles, Pranses, Aleman, Griyego, Ebreo, Italyano, Hapon, Latin, Portuges, Ruso, Sanskrit, Espanyol, Tagalog,
and other indigenous languages of the Philippines.

Andres Bonifacio

Andres Bonifacio was born on November 30, 1863 in a small shack in Tondo, Manila. His
His parents are Santiago Bonifacio and Catalina de Castro. He was orphaned at the age of 14 and was stopped from...
study.

In expanding his basic education, he exerted effort in reading and studying on his own. Some
Among the books he is reading are the novels of Jose Rizal. Those about the lives of the presidents, the Les
Les Misérables by Victor Hugo, the Ruins of Palmyra, and the book about the French Revolution. The books
This motivated him to rebel and organize the Katipunan. This organization was quick.
spread in 1894.

In his declaration that he was ready to lead a successful revolution in May 1896, he gathered
the 1,000 Katipuneros. Due to a lack of modern weapons, they are always defeated by fatigue and hunger.
of the enemies. Because of this, a meeting was held in Tejeros, Cavite.
An election took place and Aguinaldo won as president, while Mariano Trias won as vice president.
as Bonifacio as the secretary. In his disappointment, he used his supremacy to eliminate
can the election. He moved to Naic, Cavite and started to form his own government. At this moment,
General Camilo de Polavia warned that he would occupy Cavite, so Aguinaldo gave him a new high ranking.
Position General Pio del Pilar and Noriel to leave Bonifacio's camp and return to their
function.

After that, he arrested Bonifacio and tried him for refusing to recognize the new government, and they were sentenced.
and death. He was murdered on the mountain of Maragondon, Cavite on May 10, 1897.

Apolinario Mabini

If Apolinario Mabini y Maranan (July 23, 1864-May 13, 1903), known as the 'Great Paralytic', is a
Filipino theorist who wrote the constitution of the First Republic of the Philippines from 1899 to 1901, and served
he was the first prime minister in 1899. He was born in Talaga, Tanauan, Batangas in
poor parents, Inocencio Mabini and Dionisia Maranan.

She learned the alphabet from her mother and writing from her grandfather. She studied at
high school and continued at Colegio de San Juan de Letran where he obtained a certificate in
Bachelor of Arts and became a professor of Latin. He graduated from the University of Santo Tomas.
became a lawyer in 1894. While studying law, he joined the La Liga Filipina of Jose Rizal.

Mabini fell ill in 1896 with 'infantile paralysis' that left him paralyzed. Aguinaldo had him fetched, and
they were kind to each other. He was secretly summoned by Aguinaldo and appointed as an official advisor. When
Aguinaldo inaugurated the Republic Government and appointed Mabini as the Secretary of Foreign Affairs.
minister) and head of councils. During this time he wrote his famous work "True
Decalogue

In 1899, Mabini was captured by the Americans in Nueva Ecija and imprisoned. He wrote at that time the
["Rise and Fall of the Filipino Revolution","The Similarity of Alexander","The Book","On January 5,"]
1901, Mabini was exiled to Guam, but he voluntarily returned to the country in February 1903 in exchange for
oath of allegiance to the United States. He fell ill with cholera and died on May 13, 1903.
in Nagtahan, Manila.

Marcelo H. del Pilar

Marcelo H. del Pilar was born in Kupang, San Nicolas, Bulacan on August 30, 1850. He is the youngest or
youngest in a wealthy family. His parents are Julian H. Marcelo, a 'gobernadorcillo', and
Blasa Gatmaitan. She studied at Mrs. Herminigilda Flores' school, and afterwards she transferred to
San Jose College later transferred to the University of Santo Tomas. He graduated in law.
In 1890, he grew to be one of the great propagandists who fought for the freedom of the Philippines.
through his pen or writing.
In 1882, del Pilar became the editor of the newspaper 'Diaryong Tagalog' where he opposed the
the administration of the Spaniards in our government and the poor treatment of the Filipino citizens.
Using the name PLARIDEL, his pen name, he criticized the Spanish priests in
through his articles 'Dasalan at Tuksuhan' and 'Kalingat kayo.' It is secretly brought to
Philippines in the Tagalog language and read by the revolutionaries.
In Spain, he replaced Graciano Lopez Jaena as the editor of the newspaper 'La Solidaridad,' the mouthpiece of the
propagandist working for the reform of Filipinos. His long service was cut short when
he suffered from a serious illness. He contracted tuberculosis and died on June 4, 1896
in Barcelona, Spain far from his/her family.

Antonio Luna

Antonio Luna (October 29, 1866 - June 5, 1899) is the younger brother of Juan Luna.

He was born in Manila on October 29, 1866 in Binondo, Manila. He was the youngest child of
Joacquin Luna at Laureana Novicio. He graduated with a Bachelor of Arts from Ateneo de Manila in 1883 at a young age.
age 15. He also took a pharmacy course at the University of Santo Tomas and earned his
license for this course at the University of Barcelona. He also completed a specialization in pharmaceuticals at
Ghent, Belgium. His profession is a pharmacist.

Writing is his hobby. He wrote El Nomatozario del Paerdismo which was published in Madrid.
in 1893. This is his greatest contribution to medical literature. He founded La
Independence and she also sends articles to other newspapers.

From the beginning, he was an advocate for seeking reforms through peaceful means. Due to the suspicion
he is one of the terrorists against the government, he was arrested by powerful Spaniards, tried and
imprisoned by the Spaniards.

When he was freed, he studied various ways of fighting in Ghent. Upon his return to the Philippines,
he was appointed in the revolutionary government of Emilio Aguinaldo. He was appointed as the director of war and
general commander of the Revolutionary Army. He was made a part of the armed forces against
Americans.

As a soldier, Antonio is strict in enforcing punishment. During wartime, he exerted effort to

The characters in the Battalion of Cavite are subjected to a discipline. One of its bloody battles is
took place in La Loma where Major Jose Torres Bugallon was killed. Many other enemy leaders as well.
General Luna was defeated, but an opportunity came when they were defeated, and this happened in Caloocan.

General Luna met his death on June 8, 1899 in Cabanatuan in the province of
Nueva Ecija. He went there to fulfill a supposed call from General Aguinaldo to
attended a meeting. While inside the church of Cabanatuan, he was shot by Aguinaldo's soldiers.
he is asking for discipline.

With the death of Antonio Luna, the First Republic lost a great soldier and leader of the revolution.
Philippines.

Melchora Aquino
One of the greatest heroes in the history of the Philippines was born in Banilad, Caloocan in January.
She is Melchora Aquino, also known as 'Tandang Sora' because she was already old when the uprising broke out.
the revolution of the Philippines in 1896.

She didn't study much but has the qualities of an educated person.
His parents are very well-known. Some say they are hardworking but are just struggling in life.
Tandang Sora was watching over a small shop in Balintawak when Andres Bonifacio was declared.
and other Katipuneros the 'First Cry of Balintawak' which marked the beginning of the Philippine Revolution.

In her small shop, she treated and fed the wounded Katipuneros and provided them with strength.
look at the advice as a considered mother. Because of this, she was called 'Mother of the Katipunan.' When it was learned that
The Spaniards did things to Tandang Sora, he was arrested and exiled to the Mariana Islands.

When the Americans replaced the colonization of the Philippines in 1898, Tandang Sora, like others
returned to the Philippines, weak and elderly.

He temporarily lived with his daughter Saturnina. Tandang Sora died on March 2,
1919 at the age of 107.

Gregorio del Pilar

Gregorio del Pilar is the youngest general to fight in the Philippine-American War. He was born in
Bulakan, Bulakan on November 14, 1875 to Fernando del Pilar and Felipa Sempio.

If Pilar first studied with Maestro Monico and then continued at the school of the local storyteller,
Pedro Serrano Laktaw. He studied at the Ateneo Municipal in 1880 and lived in the house of his uncle.
Deodato Arellano where it is said the Katipunan was founded. In the young mind of del Pilar, it was engraved.
dangerous messenger of the propagandists. In March 1896, he graduated from Ateneo with a degree in
Bachelor of Arts, he aspired to teach but the Revolution broke out.

At a young age, he joined the Katipunan. He became a leader of the rebels and joined Col.'s troops.
Vicente Enriquez where he fought in Kakaron de Sili and as a result of his intense defense he was
He was appointed lieutenant at the age of 19. He became a general of a brigade at the age of 22. The attack
in Paombong, Bulacan and Quingwa (now Plaridel, Bulacan) made him famous. He impressed.
Aguinaldo was appointed as a lieutenant where he liberated this province. When Gen. Antonio died
Luna and del Pilar took over Aguinaldo's small army. When they were chased by the Americans at Tirad Pass.
On December 2, 1899, he stayed behind to wait for the enemies while Aguinaldo was fleeing.
He and his men were killed defending Tirad Pass.

Emilio Aguinaldo

Emilio Aguinaldo and Famy (March 22, 1869 – February 6, 1964) was a Filipino general, politician, and leader of
freedom. He is a hero who fought for the independence of the Philippines. He led a failed uprising.
against Spain in 1896. After the United States defeated Spain in 1898, he declared
independence of the Philippines and assumed office as the first president of the Philippines in June 1899. He was very courageous.
but portrayed as a beginner believing that the United States would support his aspirations. When
To make the aspirations of the United States regarding the Philippines complete and explicit, he once again led a
uprising from 1899 to 1901. He was captured by the Americans in March 1901,
having fought for two years. He pledged loyalty to the United States but wore
in a black bow tie until the Philippines finally achieved independence in 1946. He ran as
president in 1935 but defeated in the election by Manuel Quezon. In the later years of his life,
he served in the Council of State of the Philippines.

Emilio Jacinto

Emilio Jacinto was a Filipino revolutionary during the period of the Revolution (1896) who became one of the
great leaders [Link] intelligence was utilized during the time of the revolution.
He is referred to as the 'Brain of the Katipunan'. He is the one who wroteCart of the Katipunanat nag-edit ng Freedomang
newspaper used by the Katipunan for disseminating information.

He was born on December 15, 1875 in Trozo,[Link] parents areMariano

JacintoatJosefa DizonAs long as Emilio's mother has been supporting their lives as a midwife since
his father will die. Due to poverty, Emilio lived with his uncle. Emilio studied at
San Juan de Letran College and pursue a law degree atUniversity of Santo Tomasbut this stopped when
he joined the Katipunan in 1896.
At the age of 19, she became one of the leaders ofKatipunanand became an advisor, secretary, and fiscal ofAndres
[Link] Bonifacio died, Jacinto continued the fight against the Spaniards even though he was not
join the forces ofEmilio [Link] a confrontation inMajayjay, LagunaJacinto was gravely injured and
died from malaria on April 16, 1899 at the age of 23.

Francisco Balagtas

Francisco Balagtas (April 2, 1788 - February 20, 1862), whose real name was Francisco Baltazar, is
considered one of the great Filipino poets. Florante at Laura is his most famous work.
teacher.

Born in a small village town of Panginay, a town now known as Bigaa (Balagtas), in the province
in Bulacan on April 2, 1788. He is the youngest of four children of Juan Baltazar, a blacksmith, and Juana dela Cruz,
a housewife. Kiko or Kikong Balagtas (the nickname of Francisco) was eleven years old when he was brought out of Tondo, Manila.
He was sent as an envoy to Donya Trining, a rich and distant relative. She was pleased with him.
Donya Trining was sent to study at Colegio de San Juan de due to her hard work and good service.
Letran and Colegio de San Jose. It was in 1812 when he finished his studies in Canon Law, Grammar.
Castile, Latin Grammar, Pisika, Christian Doctrine, Humanities, Theology, and Philosophy. He became her teacher.
Father Mariano Pilapil in Philosophy at the said college. Francisco Baltazar is dubbed the 'Prince of Filipino'
"Poets" is said to be the "William Shakespeare of Filipino Poems". He learned to write and recite poetry from Jose.
dela Cruz (Huseng Sisiw) who is recognized as the most famous poet in Tondo. Jose dela Cruz also served as
so that Kiko could further improve his poetry writing. Eventually, Kiko was more praised in
Prohibition of poetry. In 1835, Kiko settled in Pandakan. Here he met Maria Asuncion Rivera.
The beautiful maiden served as the poet's inspiration. She is called "Selya" and nicknamed MAR.
Balagtas in his poem Florante at Laura. Kiko's rival was Mariano Kapule in love for Maria.
Asuncion Rivera. Nanong Capule won due to the use of power and money. He managed to imprison Kiko.
And inside his prison, he wrote the narrative poem 'Florante at Laura.' Kiko was imprisoned again due to a complaint.
a female assistant in allegedly cutting her hair. She was released in 1860. She continued
the writing of comedies, songs, and corridos when he was released. He passed away in the company of his wife and
children on February 20, 1862 at the age of 74.

Diego Silang and Andaya

He was born on December 16, 1730 in Aringay,The Unionat supplying Nina Miguel Silang and Nicolasa Delos
Santos. He became an orphan at an early age, so he grew up in a convent, and the priests were the ones
served those parents.

Because he is a good and trustworthy person, he became a messenger or herald of the priests, and
he carries messages from Vigan [Link] to his activities, it became frequent.
Diego Silang's journey to Manila and here, he saw the true events in the Philippines. Here he saw the
evil and exploitative Spaniards.

Gabriela Silang

He was born on March 19, 1731, in Caniogan,Ilocos [Link] father is a Ilocano farmer.
while his mother is an Itneg helper from Piddig,[Link] his/her died
parents, he was adopted by a wealthy businessman, Don Tomas Millan. The wealthy Don is his...
spouse. After three years of their partnership, they were not blessed with a child and after
how many years ago did Don Millan die. In 1757, Gabriela met and marriedDiego [Link] a partner
Diego is with Gabriela in their activities related to the revolution. But unfortunately, one of the
Diego's friend betrayed him and killed him. Because of this, Gabriela further pushed for the
fighting against the Spaniards. He led the Filipino rebels in their fight against
justice and freedom. They continued the uprising in Ilocos and attacked several garrisons to gather weapons.

On September 10, 1763, Gabriela's group planned to attack Vigan. But the people were prepared for it.
the arrival of the Spaniards. There were nearly 6000 Spaniards while only 2000 were the
Gabriela's companions were defeated. Along with her uncle and seven others.
those companions, they were the only ones who survived and escaped.

On September 20, 1763, Gabriela and her fellow rebels were captured and beheaded.
Plaza of Vigan, Ilocos Sur.

Juan Luna and Novicio

SiJuan Luna and Novicioang painted the famous painting "Spolarium." He became known worldwide for it.
through his brush just like his acquaintances are known through pen and sword.

She was born inOctober 23,1857saBadoc,Ilocos NorteJoaquin Luna and Laureena Novicio
saBadoc, Ilocos Norte.

He/She is studying atAteneo de [Link] dream of becoming a sailor came true after he

study and work in the field at a young age of 16. He has visited many beautiful places and various
he was with different people. Although he was recorded as a sailor, he stopped just to continue.
she is studying painting.

He/she entered the Academy of Drawing and Painting in Manila in 1876in the course of Fine Arts. He continued his
this course onMadrid,[Link] personally asked Alejo Vera to teach him painting, who brought him to
the country ofRome,Italyto observe. He went to theBarcelona,Spainwhen1877there he/she is
became a professional painter in1880when he won with his painting The Death of Cleopatra. He won
this is the second honor in the exposition [Link] was bought by the Spanish Government and made into
permanent exhibit at the National Museum of Paintings, Modern Paintings Hall.

Luna's name became known when her Spolarium was awarded a gold medal at the Exposición.
National Museum of Fine Arts in Madrid on1884. This was also purchased by the Provincial Council of Barcelona for the amount of
20,000 pesetas in1886.

His other creations include the Pacto de Sangre, Idilio, Spain and the Philippines, Lavandera, Escena Mariquina, Batalla de
Lepanto, and others.

WhenOctober1884he moved to Paris where he sought help with painting.

Juan Luna married Paz Pardo de Tavera in1886And then1894after 17 years

Upon separation from the Philippines, he returned. He was suspected to be one of those involved in the initiation.
the revolution, which is why he was arrested and imprisoned. He was forgiven by Spain inMay 271897.

In the year1898Luna was appointed by General Aguinaldo as an envoy to Europe to present the side of the

Filipino in peace talks. He suffered a heart attack and died onDecember 7,1899in Hong Kong

Lapu-Lapu

Lapu-Lapu (1491–1542) was a [Link] island atBisayaPhilippinesas the most intense

sproutedin the archipelagoof the colonization of [Link] is what he/she is requesting now

Filipino hero.
Lapu-Lapu is known for resisting the invasion of the Spaniards on his island and is
what happened to youPortuguesethe explorer isFerdinand MagellanI am currently being called.

naBattle of Maktan.

If Magellan had not been forced and had not arrived at HadeZubu(yesDataHumabonto reveal as a something
Christians take an oath of loyalty to Spain. However, Lapu-Lapu stubbornly refuses to submit.
With a large force, Magellan attacked Maktan on April 27, 1521 but they were met by the army of
Lapu-Lapu counting fifteen over there on the beach. It is difficult to fight but the others helped.
The canyon of Magellan is where the ships of the ruler are anchored near the coast and the fireworks.
Never underestimate your opponent. He sent soldiers to follow those nightmares but this...
The courageous act of Lapu-Lapu and the fearless resistance of the natives against the Spaniards remains unforgotten.
a metal bar that was used to strike and beat the people of Lapu-Lapu, our comrades have been subdued.
This way, many conflicts arose with the Spaniards, including Magellan who was a significant part of this.
Let us uncover what is difficult in the absence of guidance. When they saw that there is no one to help, life has become burdensome.

Their complaint, saidAntonio Pigafetta"shining light, radiant and true guide.." in Spanish
they were heading back to their vehicles.

Change in the old rumor hereSuluLapu-Lapu is oneMuslimon the date.

The huge dragonBangsamoroit is the origin of the majority of Muslims in the southern Philippines, considered
he is a Muslim and a member of an ethnic groupTausug

This is the name of Lapu-Lapu, recorded by Carlos Calao, a 17th-century poet of Spanish-Chinese descent.
May God forgive youCastileTo God forgive Him) is the 'Cali Pulacu'.

In 1898Declaration of Independence of the PhilippinesLapu-Lapu is referred to as "Hadeng Kalipulako."

Mactan

Miguel Malvar

Malvar was born on September 27, 1865 in Santo Tomas,[Link] father is

Maximo Malvar, a wealthy farmer of rice and sugarcane, and his mother is Tiburcia Carpio.
the success of his father in farming led Malvar along with his siblings to have
in education. Because of this education, Malvar also prospered, got married, and was blessed with a child.

Father Jacinto Zamora

The next executed was Jacinto Zamora, born on August 14, 1835, in Pandacan. He was linked to the
rebellion in Cavite in 1872 due to his invitation stating, 'Grand Reunion... our friends are
well provided with powder and ammunition." These statements may mean
rebellious, but this is just an invitation from Zamora to his friends to play
In the cards, a well-known game, and the words powder and ammunition are just symbols.
I have enough money to play all night.

Father Jose Burgos

Jose Burgos, born on February 9 in Vigan,Ilocos Surthe last executed among the three martyr priests. He
the most distinguished among the three priests because he earned two doctorate titles, one in theology and
Another one in canon law. He is also a prolific writer and is connected to Manila Cathedral.

His death is the most dramatic of all. One of the details of his death is when he was
Stand up and shout, 'I didn't commit any crime!'

Mariano Gomez

born on August 2, 1799 in Santa Cruz,Manila,Mariano Gomez was executed first in Bagumbayan.
and the eldest of the three martyrs. He graduatedUniversity of Santo Tomasand served as a priest of
parish in Bacoor,[Link] also established the newspaper La Verdad (The Truth) where it shows this
the poor condition of the country. This newspaper also published the liberal articles of Burgos.

His famous last words were, 'Let us go where the leaves never move without the will of God.'

Julian Felipe

Julian Felipe is recognized as the composer ofChosen Landthe national anthem [Link]
she atJanuary 28,1861City of CaviteCaviteand she is the youngest of twelve children of a poor family.
the couple Justo Felipe and Victoria Reyes.

Julian studied at a public school in [Link] is where she learned to play the piano.
Eventually, he also became an organist at San Pedro Church. In addition to playing the piano, he also composed.
such as Mateti el Santesismo, Cintas y Flores at Amorita Danga. He/she has achieved honors
diploma as recognition of his/her abilities due to these songs.
Julian temporarily set aside music when he joined the freedom movement in Cavite. He was arrested and
he was imprisoned thenJune 2, 1898but was eventually freed. He was taken by General Aguinaldo as a

pianist and composer. When the First Republic of the Philippines was proclaimedJune 12,1898 at the entrance of
House of General Aguinaldo atKawit,Cavitethe Philippine flag is waved along with the playing of
Julian Felipe composed the national anthem. Because of this, he was appointed by General Aguinaldo as the director of the National...

Band of the First Republic of the Philippines.

In the field of politics, Julian served as a councilor of the city of Cavite, Cavite in the [Link]/She
was taken back to life onOctober 2,1941.

Graciano Lopez Jaena

Graciano Lopez Jaena is called the Prince of Filipino Journalists. Along withJose Rizalat Marcelo
H. del Pilar, they formed the triumvirate of the Propaganda Movement.

He was born on December 18, 1856, in Jaro,IloiloAt the wedding of Nina Placido Lopez and Maria Jacob Jaena.
At six years old, he underwent instruction from Father Francisco Jayne of the Provincial College of Jaro.