Understanding Information and Communication Technology
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ScribdTranslationsUnderstanding Information and Communication Technology
Translated by
ScribdTranslationsModule: Information and Communication Techniques.
Technology of
the information and the
communication.
Written by:
Benamokrane Mohamed Amine
Hamani Sara
Key princess
Information and communication technology or technology of
information and communication, mainly in the academic environment, is
the field of telematics. H. Computer science, audiovisual media, and multimedia that
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allow communication, access, storage, manipulation, generation and
transmission of information from sources in a variety of formats, including
text, music, sound, images, video, and graphical interfaces
interactive, Internet, Telecommunications Technology (IHM). In the
legal and regulatory documents, the term 'electronic communication' is
used.
After the first step towards the information society, that is to say writing and
The printing press, the great leap was the telegraph, then the telephone and the radiotelephone.
Computing has evolved rapidly thanks to printed circuits, and manufacturers of
distributed computing systems are innovating rapidly. Television, the Minitel,
the Internet and cellular communications combined images with text and the
wireless voice, allowing access to the Internet and television with phones
portable devices that also served as cameras.
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The convergence of computers, audiovisual media, and communications in
the last decade of the 20th century benefited from the miniaturization of components,
accessing (for example, via ADSL or cable television networks)
in the 2000s at an affordable and 'multifunctional'. possible to manufacture
the device.) and access to high-speed Internet (via local fiber optic loops)
contributed to lowering ICT prices over two years from 2008 to 2010, promoting
thus the availability of affordable audiovisual content.
With the development of the Internet and WEB 2.0, the use of ICT has evolved and a
The majority of citizens in developed countries use them to access information.
On the other hand, there is a geographical digital divide in countries in
development where high-speed Internet access does not reach most households.
millions of internet users constantly add information on the Internet through
of websites, blogs, social media, or projects.
The use of ICT is growing, especially in developed countries, and is at risk
to exacerbate the localized digital, social, and generational fractures.
precision agriculture and forestry (traceability of wood to combat
human trafficking), to the overall management of the global environment and of the
biodiversity, trade, telemedicine, and participatory democracy (ICT
durables for development). Databases, various financial transactions,
robotics, military purposes, and not to forget helping disabled people (including
the blind with the help of advanced speech synthesizers and braille displays
temporary), ICTs have become a part of human life and occupy a
growing role in the functioning of society.
(a) Advantages and disadvantages of ICT:
1) From an economic point of view:
Cost reduction
Improve the development of economic employment
Improve the revenues of the different services
– Amélioration de la rentabilité. – Améliorer les services fournis par l'administrateur.
2) From a social point of view:
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Participation in improving social aspects and creating businesses
services
Improve individual economic and social goal choices
- Changes in behavior related to education or work. According to Stolper
Samuelson, the companies that invest in ICT are the companies that
will thrive in the future (the world of knowledge).
Advantages of economic openness:
competitive advantage
– advantages in terms of economies of scale;
Take advantage of the rationality of production
Advantages that improve the quality of products and services.
Advantages when entering other markets.
Advantages of using cutting-edge technology.
b) Advantages and disadvantages for the company:
1) Advantages:
At the level of information systems, it allows for the reallocation of production.
• Company structure and level of human resources management.
New distribution channels at the commercial level.
Improvement of productivity in information entry work
Organizational hierarchies are reduced, information is exchanged and the
human resource management is improved.
New production cycles due to the expansion of market potential (e-
commerce).
Disadvantages:
material, software, maintenance,
the phenomenon of overcapacity and the associated costs of underutilization;
Training costs of human resources
Structural restructuring of work;
Increase in remediation costs due to more frequent innovations,
• Ethical issues that make it difficult to quantify the return on investment.
Information and communication services:
Information and communication technologies (ICT) include all the
tools, services, and technologies used to create, record, process, and transmit
information. That is to say mainly computers, the Internet, radio and television
(live and recorded) and telecommunications. We also talk about News
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Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) to represent the
tools born from the convergence of computing, telecommunications, and media
audiovisuals, such as smartphones, microcomputers, tablets, and the cloud.
ICT emerged with the birth of the first communication devices such as
that the electric telegraph (invented in 1832) and the telephone (invented in 1876)
Application:
Electronic administration:
Electronic administration or online administration or also dematerialization
public services refers to the use of information technology and
communication (ICT) by public administrations aimed at providing services
more accessible to their users and to improve their internal functioning.
The factors promoting the development of ICT:
At the end of the article, the reader will have a better understanding of the process of
resilience, by identifying the key characteristics associated with it, by understanding
the importance of the individual's interaction with their environment for the
development and strengthening, and understanding the professional. You should
to be able to learn more. -Resilience learning interventions.
Mots-clés : résilience, facteur de protection, intervention
Example human factor:
Definition: The human factor is the human contribution to the event. This
understand behavior, skills, and personal characteristics
(such as interpersonal skills, communication, and fatigue).
The development of ICT:
Every major wave of technological innovation comes with changes.
major in the use and practice of information. Therefore, we have
tried to emphasize that the construction of ICT evolves with
the application and the practice. Attitudes towards ICT include a co-
built based on the relationships established between technology, humans, and
usages. The conceptualization of this term requires multiple considerations.
facets. The first concerns the technical aspect. The second is built around the
human and social practices. Given the diversity of perspectives, it would be
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futile to claim to cover all aspects in this regard. In fact, the name apparently
The simple concept of ICT raises a lot of ambiguity. Capturing it requires that the notion
As a rule, it should be central, so one should not simply rely on juxtaposing approaches.
Moreover, it is important to consider that human use affects technology.
and vice versa, so that technical determinism must be called into question. Well
understood, like any "evolution", the evolution of ICT poses another problem. We
specifically mentions their 'energy-consuming' nature and a greater integration of
different actors and aspects of environmental responsibility both of
organizations than communities.
The objective of this module is to enable a quick handling of ICT.
to introduce the learner to the use of the internet and its services
Evolution of the internet with its structure to familiarize yourself with the structure and the
functions of the Internet as well as its protocols, to understand the necessary resources
to connect, to distinguish the services offered, to fully benefit from
features while browsing the World Wide Web and conducting research
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Summary:
Currently, computing is everywhere. It is indisputable that its use has
generalized in our professional and private lives, a true epidemic! Thus, thanks to
the evolution in the field of telecommunications, Information Technologies
and Communication Technologies (ICT) are experiencing rapid development
currently. ICT encompasses all technologies and means used to process
(hardware and software processing) and exchanging (communication networks) of
information in digital form. This concerns almost all areas of
our daily life, including education, transportation, commerce, and the medical sector
And in the military, nothing works without it. Thus, as a student, it is essential.
today to know how to use certain office tools such as Microsoft Word.
Keywords:
technology/information/communication/development
-devices/line/internet/ /equipment/ /transmit/electronics.
-resilience/protective factor/intervention.
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Bibliography:
-[Link]: electronic administration.
- [Link]: the evolution information technologies and of the
communication.