PAGE 26.
1
FIRE PROTECTION
MD80 analogic Rev 1
DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION ...........................................................................................................2
GENERAL ....................................................................................................................................................2
FIRE DETECTION SYSTEM ............................................................................................................................2
FIRE WARNING SYSTEM...............................................................................................................................2
FIRE EXTINGUISHING SYSTEM ......................................................................................................................2
SYSTEM COMPONENTS .........................................................................................................................3
FUNCTIONAL DIAGRAM .........................................................................................................................4
FIRE WARNING AND PROTECTION ................................................................................................................5
APU FIRE WARNING AND PROTECTION GROUND PANEL ..............................................................................6
CARGO FIRE DETECTION AND SUPPRESSION SYSTEM ...................................................................7
OVERVIEW ..................................................................................................................................................7
SYSTEM COMPONENTS ................................................................................................................................7
FIRE DETECTION .........................................................................................................................................7
FIRE SUPPRESSION .....................................................................................................................................7
SYSTEM CONTROLS.....................................................................................................................................8
SYSTEM TEST ...........................................................................................................................................10
DISPATCH NOTES ......................................................................................................................................10
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FIRE PROTECTION
MD80 analogic Rev 1
Description And Operation
General
The fire warning and protection system provides the means to detect, and extinguish a fire in the engine nacelles
and the auxiliary power unit (APU).
The fire warning and protection system consists of fire detection, fire warning and fire extinguishing systems.
Fire Detection System
A fire detection system is provided for each engine and the APU. Each detection system consists of two sensing
element fire detector loops (one loop redundant) mounted parallel to each other. The resistance of the sensing
elements for each fire area is monitored by a control unit (detector amplifier).
False fire warnings are minimized (LOOP switch at BOTH) because both loops must be subjected simultaneously
to fire or overheat conditions before they will electrically trigger the control units and energize the warning system.
If one sensing loop is confirmed defective, the airplane can still be dispatched, or continue in flight, using the
single operational loop by moving the applicable LOOPS switch to the operational loop position. In normal
operation, with the LOOPS switch in BOTH, if a single system is falsely energized, only the applicable LOOP light
will illuminate, but the fire warning light and aural warning will not activate.
Fire Warning System
The fire warning system for the engines consists of ENG FIRE lights located in the fire handles on the upper
instrument panel, LOOP A and B lights on the overhead switch panel, FIRE DETECTOR LOOP light on the
overhead annunciator panel, both MASTER CAUTION lights on the glareshield, and aural warnings (bell sound)
from the central aural warning system. The ENG FIRE handle light and LOOP lights identify which engine has the
fire or overheat condition.
The aural warning, associated engine AC generator, fuel system, and hydraulic system are shut off and the
pneumatic crossfeed valve is closed when the ENG FIRE handle is pulled. The aural warning, including the voice
warning if aircraft is so equipped, can also be shut off by pushing the FIRE BELL OFF button located on the upper
instrument panel. The ENG FIRE lights and the LOOP lights will remain on until the fire is extinguished.
The fire warning for the APU consists of a red APU FIRE light and FIRE DETECTOR LOOP light on the
annunciator panel, both MASTER WARNING and both MASTER CAUTION lights on the glareshield, APU LOOP
lights on the overhead panel, aural warning (intermittent horn sound) from the central aural warning system, an
APU FIRE light on the external APU ground control panel, and an exterior fire warning horn. The aural warnings
will shut off automatically after three cycles. The MASTER WARNING and MASTER CAUTION lights can be shut
off by pushing the respective light caps. The APU FIRE lights, FIRE DETECTOR LOOP light, LOOP lights and
exterior fire warning horn will remain on until the fire is extinguished.
Note: The APU will shut down automatically if APU fire is detected and fire warning system is activated.
Fire Extinguishing System
The fire extinguishing system consists of two fire extinguisher agent containers, distribution lines, control circuits,
and AGENT LOW lights. Each container has separate discharge heads and distribution lines to each engine
and APU. The ENG FIRE handles on the upper instrument panel and the APU fire agent discharge switches on
the overhead switch panel and on the APU ground control panel provides the means to select the container and
dispense the fire-extinguishing agent. AGENT LOW lights on the upper instrument panel and the APU ground
control panel illuminate when pressure in container is below minimum, indicating that the fire-extinguishing agent
has been discharged.
Portable fire extinguishers are provided at strategic locations in the cabin and flight compartment.
Refer to Equipment ATA 25 for specific locations.
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FIRE PROTECTION
MD80 analogic Rev 1
System Components
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FIRE PROTECTION
MD80 analogic Rev 1
Functional Diagram
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PAGE 26. 5
FIRE PROTECTION
MD80 analogic Rev 1
Controls And Indicators
Fire Warning And Protection
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PAGE 26. 6
FIRE PROTECTION
MD80 analogic Rev 1
APU Fire Warning And Protection Ground Panel
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FIRE PROTECTION
MD80 analogic Rev 1
Cargo Fire Detection And Suppression System
Overview
All three cargo compartments are protected by a fire detection and suppression system. In the event of an inflight
cargo fire, the Flight Crew will be alerted by an aural horn, Master Caution and Warning lights, SMOKE DET
LOOP and CARGO FIRE lights on the annunciator panel, and several lights on the Cargo Detection Suppression
Control panel on the Overhead panel.
The warning horn is silenced with the Horn Reset Button. The Flight Crew pushes the BTL 1 DISCH button
releasing a knockdown discharge of Halon to the appropriate compartment. Fifteen minutes later the Flight Crew
pushes the BTL 2 DISCH button initiating a 45 minute (approximate) metered discharge of Halon. Upon receipt of
a Cargo Compartment Fire Warning, the Flight Crew must immediately divert to land at the nearest suitable airport
and evacuate the aircraft.
System Components
Fire Detection
Each cargo bay ceiling contains a forward and aft detection unit. Each unit contains one Loop A and one Loop B
detector, for a total of four detectors in each cargo bay. The status of both A detectors in a cargo bay is indicated
by one DET light and one FAIL light (the same is true for the B detectors) on the Cargo Detection Suppression
panel.
When a detector senses smoke, the appropriate cargo bay Loop (A or B) DET light, the annunciator panel SMOKE
DET LOOP light and the Master Caution lights will all illuminate.
When a detector fails, the appropriate cargo bay Loop (A or B) FAIL light, the annunciator panel SMOKE DET
LOOP light and the Master Caution lights will all illuminate. When one detector in a unit fails, the system
automatically operates that detector unit in a single loop mode.
A cargo fire warning will occur when any Loop A detector plus any Loop B detector in the same bay detect smoke.
When operating in single loop mode, a cargo fire warning will occur if the operating detector in the affected unit
detects smoke.
A cargo fire warning consists of the following:
Aural warning
Master Warning lights
Master Caution lights
Annunciator Panel:
CARGO FIRE light
SMOKE DET LOOP light
Cargo Suppression Detection panel:
FIRE warning light
A & B DET lights for affected bay
FWD/MID/AFT Squib light for affected bay
BTL-1 and BTL-2 Squib lights
Fire Suppression
Each cargo compartment contains four agent discharge nozzles. Two Halon bottles are mounted in the mid cargo
bay and are connected with tubing through a three way diverter valve to each compartment’s nozzles. Five squibs
(electrically actuated explosive charges which open diaphragm valves) direct the flow of halon to the appropriate
cargo bay. Pushing the BTL-1 DSCH button fires two squibs: One to release the halon from bottle 1, and one of
three squibs on the diverter valve to direct the halon to the bay with the cargo fire. Pushing the BTL-2 DSCH
button fires one squib to release the halon from bottle 2, which flows through the previously activated diverter
valve into the same compartment as bottle 1. A metering device in the line from bottle 2 sustains the discharge of
halon for approximately 45 minutes. Fire suppression will last 60 minutes.
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FIRE PROTECTION
MD80 analogic Rev 1
System Controls
A Smoke Detector Fault Panel is in the E&E compartment (maintenance use only).
A Cargo Detection Suppression control panel and speaker are located on the F/O’s side of the cockpit overhead
panel. Refer to figure 1 for description.
Three circuit breakers power the system:
SMOKE DET PNLS S-42
SMOKE A LOOP T-41
SMOKE B LOOP S-41
(Standard location, refer to CB guide in Section 3 for alternate locations)
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FIRE PROTECTION
MD80 analogic Rev 1
1 TEST Button.
When pressed for three seconds, the TEST button tests integrity of detection and suppression systems. All
functions and lights on the panel (except the DSCH annunciators) are tested. If a detector has failed, the system
will automatically turn off the faulty detector, turn on the respective FAIL light, and switch the unit to single loop
mode.
2 ARM Switch.
Controls arming of the five-halon discharge control squibs.
AUTO position: A cargo fire warning will automatically arm the diverter valve squib for the appropriate (FWD, MID,
or AFT) bay, and arm both the BTL 1 and BTL 2 squibs. The respective squib lights will illuminate.
FWD, MID, or AFT position: Manually arms the diverter valve squib for the selected bay and both the BTL 1 and
BTL 2 squibs (a cargo fire warning is not required). The respective green squib lights will illuminate.
Note: When ARM switch is in FWD, MID, or AFT position, pressing the BTL 1 or BTL 2 PUSH TO DISCHARGE
switches will discharge halon regardless of cargo fire warning.
3 HORN / RESET
Silences the aural warning horn.
4 SQUIB Lights (Green)
Squib lights illuminate during a system test, or when the system is armed, to show the status of the squibs. An
illuminated squib light indicates the respective squib has not been fired and is ready. After a squib is fired, its
respective squib light will not illuminate.
FWD, MID, or AFT: show status of squibs on the diverter valve.
BTL 1 or BTL 2: show status of squibs for halon bottles 1 and 2.
Note: Whenever squib lights are illuminated (even when TEST button is pressed), pressing the BTL 1 or BTL 2
PUSH TO DISCHARGE switches will discharge halon.
5 PUSH TO DISCHARGE Switches
These capped switches are not powered until armed. When the ARM switch is in AUTO position, these switches
are armed automatically when a cargo fire is detected. When the ARM switch is in FWD, MID, or AFT position,
these switches are armed regardless of a cargo fire warning.
When armed, pressing the BTL 1 PUSH TO DISCHARGE switch fires a squib releasing halon from bottle 1, and
also fires a squib on the diverter valve directing the halon to the appropriate cargo bay. Pressing the BTL 2 PUSH
TO DISCHARGE switch fires a squib releasing halon from bottle 2 through a restrictor into the same bay as bottle
1.
DSCH annunciators (in the PUSH TO DISCHARGE switches) show status of halon bottles 1 and 2. The lights
(Amber) in these buttons will illuminate when pressure for their respective bottle is low, either after intentional
discharge or from a leak. These lights are tested using the cockpit ANNUN/DIGITAL LTS TEST switch.
6 DET Lights (Amber)
When system test switch is pressed: Illuminate to verify the loop is operational (if light is off during test, loop is
inoperative).
When system test switch is not pressed: Illuminate when a detector in the respective Loop senses smoke.
7 FAIL Lights (Amber)
Illuminate when a detector in the respective Loop has failed.
8 FIRE Light (Red)
Illuminates when a cargo fire is detected.
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PAGE 26. 10
FIRE PROTECTION
MD80 analogic Rev 1
System Test
- Press the cockpit ANNUN/DIGITAL LTS TEST switch. The BTL 1 and BTL 2 DSCH lights, and all other
lights on the Cargo Detection Suppression Control Panel, should illuminate. Release switch.
- Press the Cargo Detection Suppression Control Panel TEST button for at least three seconds. Within
three seconds the following must occur:
o The aural cargo fire warning should sound. The aural warning may be silenced by pressing the
HORN RESET switch.
o The MASTER CAUTION and MASTER WARNING lights, and the SMOKE DET LOOP and
CARGO FIRE lights on the annunciator panel should illuminate.
o All lights on the Cargo Detection Suppression Control Panel, except for the BTL 1 and BTL 2
DSCH lights, should illuminate.
- Reset the Master Caution and Warning lights.
- Release the Cargo Detection Suppression Control Panel TEST button.
Note: If the TEST button is released prior to completion of the test, all or some of the FAIL lights may
illuminate. This is not an indication of system failure, but is the result of a failed test due to early release of
the TEST button.
- All lights on the Cargo Detection Suppression Control Panel should be out and the aural warning should
be silent.
Note: If horn does not sound during test, accomplish the following:
o Perform three separate tests of the system.
o If horn still does not sound, pull and reset system circuit breakers.
o Perform up to three more separate tests of the system.
Dispatch Notes
The aircraft may be dispatched with one detector inoperative for each detection unit (enclosure). When a detector
is inoperative, the annunciator panel SMOKE DET LOOP light and the Cargo Suppression Detection Control
panel FAIL light for the affected Loop will remain on throughout the flight.
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