ABC Institute SRE
Biology Topic : Biological Classification
Q.1 Protists are alike in that all are Q.11 A researcher lyses a cell that contains nucleic acid
(1) unicellular (2) eukaryotic molecules and capsomeres of tobacco mosaic virus
(3) symbionts (4) monophyletic (TMV). The cell contents are left in a covered test tube
overnight. The next day this mixture is sprayed on tobacco
Q.2 Which of these taxa contains species that produce potent plants. Which of the following would be expected to
toxins that can cause extensive fish kills, contaminate occur?
shellfish, and poison humans? (1) The plants would develop some but not all of the
(1) red algae (2) dinoflagellates symptoms of the TMV infection.
(3) diplomonads (4) euglenids (2) The plants would develop symptoms typically
produced by viroids.
Q.3 A certain unicellular eukaryote has a siliceous (glasslike) (3) The plants would develop the typical symptoms of
shell and autotrophic nutrition. To which group does it TMV infection.
belong? (4) The plants would not show any disease symptoms.
(1) dinoflagellates (2) diatoms
(3) brown algae (4) radiolarians Q.12 Trypanosoma belongs to –
(1) Flagellated protozoans (2) Ciliated protozoans
Q.4 Which of these statements about dinoflagellates is false? (3) Sporozoans (4) Amoeboid protozoans
(1) They possess two flagella.
(2) Some cause red tides. Q.13 Members of which kingdom have cell walls and are all
(3) Their walls are composed of cellulose plates. heterotrophic?
(4) Their dead cells accumulate on the seafloor, and are (1) Plantae (2) Fungi
mined to serve as a filtering material. (3) Animalia (4) Protista
Q.5 What is the primary role of a mushroom's underground Q.14 Cyanobacteria are
mycelium? (1) photoautotrophs
(1) absorbing nutrients (2) anchoring (2) photoheterotrophs
(3) sexual reproduction (4) asexual reproduction (3) chemoautotrophs
(4) chemoheterotrophs that perform decomposition.
Q.6 The vegetative (nutritionally active) bodies of most fungi
are Q.15 Asexual reproduction in fungi is carried out by
(1) composed of hyphae (2) referred to as a mycelium. (1) conidia (2) dikaryotic hyphae
(3) usually underground. (4) 1, 2, and 3 (3) ascospores (4) basidiospores
Q.7 In most fungi, karyogamy does not immediately follow Q.16 All eukaryotic unicellular organisms belong to –
plasmogamy, which consequently (1) Monera (2) Protista
(1) means that sexual reproduction can occur in (3) Fungi (4) Bacteria
specialized structures.
(2) results in multiple diploid nuclei per cell. Q.17 In Whittaker’s five kingdom system of classification,
(3) allows fungi to reproduce asexually most of the time. eukaryotes are distributed among
(4) results in heterokaryotic or dikaryotic cells. (1) two kingdoms (2) three kingdoms
Q.8 Members of this phylum produce two kinds of haploid (3) four kingdoms (4) all the five kingdoms.
spores, one kind being asexually produced conidia:
(1) Zygomycota Q.18 Which of the following statements is correct regarding
(2) Ascomycota sexual reproduction in Basidiomycetes?
(3) Basidiomycota (1) Plasmogamy occurs by the fusion of two somatic cells
(4) Glomeromycota of different strains.
(2) Karyogamy and meiosis occur in the basidium
Q.9 This phylum contains the mushrooms, shelf fungi, and producing four basidiospores.
puffballs: (3) Basidiospores are exogenously produced on the
(1) Zygomycota (2) Ascomycota basidium.
(3) Basidiomycota (4) Glomeromycota (4) All of these
Q.10 In what structures do both Penicillium and Aspergillus Q.19 The five kingdom classification was proposed by
produce asexual spores? (1) R.H. Whittaker (2) [Link]
(1) asci (2) zygosporangia (3) A. Roxberg (4) Virchow
(3) rhizoids (4) conidiophores
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Q.20 Slime moulds are (1) dinoflagellates (2) euglenoids
(1) photosynthetic protists (2) saprophytic protists (3) diatoms and desmids (4) slime moulds
(3) both (1) and (2) (4) none of these
Q.30 Difference between Virus and Viroid is
Q.21 Mycoplasmas are classified under which of the following (1) Absence of protein coat in viroid but present in virus
kingdoms? (2) Presence of low molecular weight RNA in virus but
(1) Monera (2) Protista absent in viroid
(3) Fungi (4) Plantae (3) Both 1 and 2
(4) None of the above
Q.22 Organisms living in salty areas are called as
(1) Methanogens (2) Halophiles Q.31 Given figure is of A
(3) Heliophytes (4) Thermoacidophiles filamentous blue green alga
Nostoc. Identify the parts B
Q.23 An association between roots of higher plants and fungi is marked as A and B and select
called the correct option.
(1) Lichen (2) Fern
(3) Mycorrhiza (4) BGA
Q.24 Which of the following groups of organisms are included
under chrysophytes? A B
(1) Diatoms and desmids (golden algae) (1) Heterocyst Mucilaginous sheath
(2) Diatoms and dinoflagellates (2) Vegetative cell Mucilaginous sheath
(3) Euglenoids (3) Trichomes Cell wall
(4) Slime moulds (4) Mucilaginous sheath Heterocyst
Q.25 A dikaryon is formed when Q.32 Which out of the following is a ciliated protozoan?
(1) Meiosis is arrested (1) Plasmodium vivax (2) Amoeba proteus
(2) The two haploid cells do not fuse immediately (3) Paramoecium caudatum (4) Leishmania donovani
(3) Cytoplasm does not fuse
(4) None of the above Q.33 Which one of the following is an incorrect pair?
Q.26 Bacteria are grouped under four categories according to (1) Louis Pasteur – Coined the term 'vaccine'
their shape. Study the given figures and select the correct (2) Beijerinck – Contagium vivum fluidum
option regarding this. (3) Ivanowsky – Discovered retroviruses
(4) Stanley – Crystallised TMV
Spore Flagellum Q.34 With respect to fungal sexual cycle, choose the correct
sequence of events
D (1) Karyogamy, Plasmogamy and Meiosis
A B C (2) Meiosis, Plasmogamy and Karyogamy
(3) Plasmogamy, Karyogamy and Meiosis
(4) Meiosis, Karyogamy and Plasmogamy
(1) A-Cocci, B-Bacilli, C-Spirilla, D-Vibrio
(2) A-Spirilla, B-Bacilli, C-Vibrio, D-Cocci Q.35 Cyanobacteria are classified under which of the following
(3) A-Bacilli, B-Spirilla, C-Vibrio, D-Cocci kingdoms?
(4) A-Bacilli, B-Spirilla, C-Cocci, D-Vibrio (1) Monera (2) Protista
(3) Algae (4) Plantae
Q.27 Which of the following classes of Fungi are characterised
by the presence of coenocytic, multinucleate and branched Q.36 Which of the following organisms have been placed under
mycelium? kingdom Protista?
(1) Basidiomycetes (2) Phycomycetes (1) Chrysophytes and dinoflagellates
(3) Ascomycetes (4) Deuteromycetes (2) Euglenoids
(3) Slime moulds and protozoans
Q.28 Contagium vivum fluidum was proposed by (4) All of these
(1) D.J. Ivanowsky (2) M.W. Beijerinek
(3) Stanley (4) Robert Hook Q.37 Select the pair that consists of viral diseases.
(1) Mumps and small pox (2) Herpes and influenza
Q.29 Red tides in warm coastal water develop due to the (3) Pneumonia and syphilis (4) Both (1) and (2)
abundance of
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Q.38 Fungi show asexual reproduction by all of the following
kinds of spores except
(1) conidia (2) oospores Q.43 Match the following columns.
(3) sporangiospore (4) zoospores Column I Column II
A. Phycomycetes 1. Alternaria and
Q.39 _____ bacteria oxidise various inorganic substances such Trichoderma
as nitrates, nitrites and ammonia, and use the released B. Ascomycetes 2. Agaricus and
energy for ATP production. They play an important role in Ustilago
recycling of nutrients (N, P, Fe, S etc.). C. Basidiomycetes 3. Aspergillus,
(1) Photosynthetic autotrophic Claviceps and
(2) Chemosynthetic autotrophic Neurospora
(3) Parasitic D. Deuteromycetes 4. Mucor, Rhizopus
(4) Saprophytic and Albugo
Codes
Q.40 Members of phycomycetes are found in (1) A-1, B-4, C-3, D-2
i. Aquatic habitats (2) A-2, B-1, C-4, D-3
ii. On decaying wood (3) A-4, B-3, C-2, D-1
iii. Moist and damp places (4) A-3, B-2, C-1, D-4
iv. As obligate parasites on plants
Choose from the following options Q.44 Chief producers in oceans are
(1) None of the above (2) i and iv (1) golden brown algae (2) diatoms
(3) ii and iii (4) All of the above (3) dinoflagellates (4) euglenoids
Q.41 Consider the following statements.
I. Kingdom-Protista forms a link between monerans and Q.45 Cuscuta is a
the other organisms like plants, animal and fungi. (1) parasite (2) pathogen
II. Protists reproduce asexually and sexually by a process (3) saprophytic (4) fungus
involving cell fusion and zygote formation.
III. Being eukaryotes, the protistan cell body contains a
well defined nucleus and other membrane-bound
organelles.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
(1) I and II (2) I and III
(3) II and III (4) I, II and III
Q.42 Kingdom-Animalia includes
(1) heterotrophic organisms
(2) eukaryotic organisms
(3) multicellular organism
(4) All of these
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Biology Topic : Biological Classification [SOLUTIONS]
(23) (3). An association between roots of higher plants and
(1) (2) (2) (2) (3) (2) (4) (4) fungus is called mycorrhiza. The association is
(5) (1) (6) (4) (7) (4) (8) (2) mutually beneficial for both of them.
(9) (3) (10) (4) (11) (3) (24) (1).
(12) (1). Flagellated protozoans: The members of this group (25) (4). Dikaryon is a stage/phase of a cell, in which, there are
are either free-living or parasitic. They have flagella. two nuclei. This condition arises, if fusion of
The parasitic forms cause diaseases such as sleeping cytoplasm (plasmogamy) is not immediately followed
sickness. Example: Trypanosoma. by fusion of nuclei (karyogamy), i.e., there is a delay
(13) (2) (14) (1) between them. Such cells are called dikaryotic cells.
(15) (1). Conidia are asexual spores produced by mitosis in the This condition is found in higher fungi where
haploid hyphae of many fungi. Ascospores, karyogamy is delayed (with respect to plasmogamy)
basidiospores, and zygospores are sexual spores and is called dikaryophase.
produced by meiosis following karyogamy in (26) (3). Bacteria are grouped under four categories based on
ascomycetes, basidiomycetes, and zygomycetes, their shapes: the spherical coccus (pl.: cocci), the rod-
respectively. Dikaryotic hyphae have unfused nuclei shaped bacillus (pI.: bacilli), the comma-shaped
from two strains and subsequently undergo karyogamy vibrium (pI.: vibrio) and the spiral spirillum (pl.:
followed by meiosis and the production of sexual spirilla).
spores. (27) (2).
(16) (2). The kingdom Protista (Gk. protistos = first of all) was (28) (2). Martinus William Beijernick (a Dutch microbiologist
proposed by Ernst Haeckel (1866). All single-celled and botanist) gave a phrase, "Contagium vivum
eukaryotes are placed in kingdom Protista. f1uidum" (Latin: "contagious living fluid"), to describe
Phylogenetically thekingdom Protista acts as a a virus. He underlined its (virus's) ability to slip
connecting link between the prokaryotic kingdom - through the finest mesh filters then available, giving it
Monera on one hand and the complex multicellular almost liquid properties.
kingdoms - Fungi, Plantae and Animalia on the other (29) (1).
hand. Protista are regarded as ancestors of all (30) (1). Viroids are smallest known agent of infectious
multicellular eukaryotic organisms. diseases. They lack capsid as well as proteins (that are
(17) (3). In Whittaker’s five kingdom system of classification, present in virus) and consist of only single stranded
eukaryotes are distributed among four kingdoms: RNA. An example of the disease they cause is potato
Protista, Plantae, Fungi and Animalia. Kingdom spindle tuber disease (PTSD).
Monera includes all prokaryotes e.g., mycoplasma, (31) (1). Nostoc occurs in both aquatic and subaerial habitats. A
bacteria, actinomycetes and cyanobacteria (blue green dense mucilage covering (labelled as B in the given
algae). figure) is present on the outside. Eachtrichome is
(18) (4). beaded, S-shaped and consists of a large number of
(19) (1). In order to develop phylogenetic classification, R.H. vegetative cells, a few terminal and intercalary large
Whittaker (1969), an American taxonomist, divided all pale coloured heterocysts (labelled as A in the given
the organisms into five kingdoms. Whittaker's five figure) and thick-walled resting cells called akinetes.
kingdoms are Monera, Protista, Plantae, Fungi and Heterocysts are specialised to perform nitrogen
Animalia. fixation.
(20) (2). Slime moulds do not have chlorophyll. They are (32) (3). Paramoecium is a free living ciliate which is found in
surrounded by the plasma membrane only (somatic fresh water. Most widely distributed species are
parts are without cell walls). The slime moulds live Paramoecium caudatum and Paramoecium aurelia.
usually amongst decaying vegetation. They are quite The cilia of the extreme posterior end are longer and
common on lawns and moist fields. They exhibit wide form a bunch called caudal tuft.
range of colouration. They have phagotrophic or (33) (3). D.J. Ivanowsky discovered that the cause of tobacco
saprotrophic nutrition. Both asexual and sexual modes mosaic disease could pass through a porcelain filter.
of reproduction are found. They produce spores within Temin and Baltimore discovered retrovirus and the
sporangia. A spore possesses a cell wall of cellulose. phenomenon of Teminism in 1972.
(21) (1).
(22) (2). Halophiles are a type of archaebacteria which occur in (34) (3). In fungi, sexual reproduction involves the formation
salt rich substrata (2.5-5.0 M) like salt pans, salt beds and union of two gametes or their nuclei. Sexual
and salt marshes e.g., Halobacterium, Halococcus. reproduction is absent in the artificial group of fungi
They are aerobic chemoheterotrophs. Their cell called fungi imperfecti or Deuteromycetes. Depending
membranes have red carotenoid pigment for protection upon the compatibility in sexual reproduction, fungi
against harmful solar radiation. are of two types - homothallic and heterothallic. In
heterothallic forms, sexual reproduction involves
fusion between two genetically different mating types.
In homothallic forms, fusion occurs between
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genetically similar types. Fusion involves the union of
cytoplasms as well as nuclei. The former is called
plasmogamy while the latter is called karyogamy. In (39) (2). Chemoautotrophic bacteria or chemosynthetic
higher fungi, karyogamy is delayed and occurs just autotrophic bacteria are able to manufacture their
before meiosis. organic microfood from inorganic raw materials with
(35) (1). Cyanobacteria or blue-green algae are Gram + the help of energy derived from exergonic chemical
photosynthetic prokaryotes which perform oxygenic reactions involving oxidation of an inorganic
photosynthesis. Photosynthetic pigments include substance present in the external medium. The
chlorophyll a, carotenoids and phycobilins. chemical energy obtained from oxidation reaction is
Cyanobacteria are classified under kingdom Monera. trapped in ATP molecules. This energy is then used in
Cyanobacterial cell structure is typically prokaryotic - carbon assimilation with the help of hydrogen brought
one envelope organisation with peptidoglycan wall, from sources other than water. There are several types
naked DNA, 70S ribosomes and absence of membrane of chemoautotrophic bacteria but the well known
bound structures like endoplasmic reticulum, examples are nitrifying bacteria, sulphur oxidising
mitochondria, Golgi bodies, plastids, lysosomes, sap bacteria and iron bacteria.
vacuoles. The outer part of the protoplast, called (40) (4). Phycomycetes are the group of fungi which is
chromoplasm, contains a number of photosynthetic characterized by aseptate and coenocytic mycelium.
thylakoids. They can live in a wide variety of habitat. They can be
(36) (4). The kingdom Protista has been broadly divided into aquatic or saprotrophic or parasitic or could be living
three main groups: in moist and damp places. Some examples of
(i) Photosynthetic Protists (Protistan Algae) e.g. phycomycetes are Rhizopus (black bread mould),
Dinoflagellates, Chrysophytes and Euglenoids Mucor (dung mould), Albugo (parasitic).
(ii) Consumer-Decomposer Protists (Slime Moulds) (41) (4). Phylogenetically the kingdom-Protista acts as a
(iii) Protozoan Protists connecting link between the prokaryotic kingdom-
Euglenoids are Euglena like unicellular flagellates Monera on one hand and the complex multicellular
which possess pellicle instead of cell wall. kingdoms-Fungi, Plantae and Animalia on the other
Chrysophytes include diatoms and desmids. They hand. Protists reproduce asexually and sexually by a
belong to the division Chrysophyta/Baciliariophyta. process involving cell fusion and zygote formation.
The dinoflagellates belong to division Pyrrophyta and Eukaryotes means true nucleus bearing organisms.
class Dinophyceae. Slime moulds possess the (42) (4). The kingdom-Animalia includes sponges, corals,
characters of both animals and fungi and, therefore, worms, insects, snails, star fishes, bony fishes, frogs,
they are commonly called fungus-animals. lizards, snakes, twitles, crocodiles, birds and
(37) (4). Viral diseases can be classified as follows: mammals. These organisms are heterotrophic,
(i) Plant viral diseases: Potato mosaic, pumpkin mosaic, multicellular, eukaryotes without chlorophyll.
apple mosaic, tulip mosaic (broken tulip), bhindi Heterotrophic organisms cannot synthesise its own
yellow vein mosaic, potato leaf roll, papaya leaf curl, food and is dependent on complex organic substances
banana bunchy top, tomato bunchy, rice tungro, etc. for nutrition.
(ii) Animal viral diseases: Foot and mouth, rinderpest, (43) (3). Phycomycetes : Mucor, Rhizopus & Albugo
ranikhet or new castle of fowl, bird flu, etc. Ascomycetes : Aspergillus, Claviceps and Neurospora
(iii) Human viral diseases: Measles, smallpox, mumps, Basidiomycetes : Agaricus and Ustilago
poliomyelitis, rabies, hepatitis, dengue, encephalitis, Deuteromycetes : Alternaria & Trichoderma
AIDS, common cold, flu, herpes, SARS (severe acute (44) (2). Diatoms are very important photosynthesisers. About
respiratory syndrome), bird flu (H5NI), Swine flu half of all the organic matter synthesised in the world
(H1N1), etc. is believed to be produced by them. Though
(38) (2). Asexual reproduction in fungi occurs through the microscopic, diatoms are an important source of food
formation of spores. Spores are single-celled to aquatic animals.
propagules which separate from the parent organism (45) (1). Cuscuta is a parasitic plant. It has no chlorophyll and
and can get dispersed. They may be motile or cannot make its own food by photosynthesis. Instead,
nonmotile, naked, thin-walled or thick-walled. it grows on other plants using their nutrients for its
Asexually produced spores (or mitospores) resemble growth and weakening the host plant.
the parent body in having the same sets of
chromosomes or genomes, e.g., zoospores,
sporangiospores, chlamydospores, oidia, conidia, etc.
Sexually produced spores (or meiospores) are
produced after meiosis in some fungi e.g. ascospores,
basidiospores. Oospore is the product of sexual
reproduction.
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