A PROPOSE 4-STOREY SCHOOL BUILDING

BAGUIO CITY 2600

PRESENTED TO

THE FACULTY OF THE COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY

IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT

OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN CIVIL ENGINEERING

BY:

KALANGEG, SHANE D.

DE GUZMAN, JAYSON S.

CAPUA, BRYAN D.

CASILIO, MERVEILLE LOUIS T.

GAVINO, FREDDIE P.

Submitted to:

Engr. JOHN A. PATNAAN

2ND SEMESTER S.Y. 2021-2022

 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Immeasurable appreciation and deepest gratitude for the help and support are extended to the following persons
who in one way or another have contributed in making this study possible.
College of Engineering Department instructors, their guidance and effort in teaching us the necessary
knowledge and techniques on planning, designing and calculation of structures that helped us in making this study
possible.
Engr. John A. Patnaan, subject adviser, for his persistent and undoubted devotion for sharing his
knowledge and experience in the field of engineering, for his support, advices, guidance, valuable comments,
suggestions and provisions that benefited us much in the completion and success of this project study.
To our classmates and friends, for providing us necessary information and sharing their thoughts that
helped us complete this study.
To our dear parents, for their unending love and support, for providing all our needs financially and
morally, for their patience and understanding, for their never fading advises and for being there no matter what.

And above all, our Almighty God, for His presence during our hard and best times. For His love and
wonderful blessings, He is showering upon us each day of our lives. For the provision and wisdom, He bestowed
upon us, for keeping us and our love ones always safe, for giving us enough knowledge and ability to perform each
task that was assigned to us and for the challenges He has given us that made us stronger than ever. We thank Him
for his comfort during the time that we are about to give up. By His grace, we were able to finish this project study
without any conflict.

TABLE OF CONTENTS
i
Chapter 1:

 Architectural Design

Perspective ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1

Vicinity map---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1

Ground floor----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2

2nd -4th floor----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2

Roof deck---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------3

Front Elevation--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------3

Rear Elevation----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------4

Left Elevation---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4

Right Elevation----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------5

 Seismic Analysis

Computation of dead loads-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------6

Chapter 2:

Typical column plan-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------8

Base shear-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------10

Vertical distribution of base shear-----------------------------------------------------------------------------12

Horizontal distribution--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------13

Center of mass------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------14

Horizontal distribution of forces--------------------------------------------------------------------------------15

Frame forces---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------17

Frame horizontal forces-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------22

Column shear--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------23

Column moments--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------24

Girder moments----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------25

ii
Girder shear---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------26

Column axial forces------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------27

Chapter 3: Structural design

Structural Framing plan ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------28

Column Section Design ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 32

Beam Section Design

Longitudinal Beam -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------33

Transverse Beam ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------34

Slab Details

Design of two-way Slab --------------------------------------------------------------------------------36

Design of reinforce concrete Beam ------------------------------------------------------------------------------55

Column Details --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------72

Footing Details ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------73

Design of foundation -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------76

iii
PERSPECTIVE

Vicinity map

SITE

1
GROUND FLOOR PLAN

2
3
4
5
 SEISMIC ANALYSIS

COMPUTATION OF DEAD LOADS

 FIRST FLOOR TO THIRD FLOOR

 COLUMN

= (No. of columns) (Height of column) (Area of column) (Unit weight of concrete)

= (36) (3.4) (0.45 x 0.45) (24)

= 594.86 KN

 BEAM
 LONGITUDINAL BEAM

= (No. of beams) (Length of beam) (Area of beam) (Unit weight of beam)

= (32) (5) (0.45 x 0.3) (24)

= 518.4 KN

 TRANSVERSE BEAM

= (No. of beams) (Length of beam) (Area of beam) (Unit weight of beam)

= (18) (4) (0.45 x 0.3) (24) + (2) (9) (0.45 x 0.3) (24)

= 291.6 KN

 SLAB

= (Thickness of slab) (Area of the slab) (Unit weight of concrete)

= (0.125) ((40) (10) (10)-(12)(2)) (24)

= 1128 KN

 STAIRS

= (No. of steps) (Rise)(Run) (Width of stairs) (Unit weight of concrete)

= (16 x 0.20 x 0.25) (15) + (2x3x0.20) (2) (24)

= 57.6 KN

 WALL
 1st Floor
 Vertical wall =979.2 KN
 Horizontal wall = 1860.48 KN
 2nd to 3rd floor
 Vertical wall =1109.76
 Horizontal wall = 1658.88

 FOURTH FLOOR

6
  COLUMN

= (No. of columns) (Height of column) (Area of column) (Unit weight of concrete)

= (36) (1.7) (0.45 x 0.45) (24)

= 297.43 KN

 BEAM
 LONGITUDINAL BEAM

= (No. of beams) (Length of beam) (Area of beam) (Unit weight of beam)

= (32) (5) (0.3 x 0.3) (24)

= 345.6 KN

 TRANSVERSE BEAM

= (No. of beams) (Length of beam) (Area of beam) (Unit weight of beam)

= (4) (12) (0.3 x 0.3) (24) + (2) (9) (0.3 x 0.3) (24)

= 142.56 KN

 SLAB

= (Thickness of slab) (Area of slab) (Unit weight of concrete)

= (0.125) ((40) (10) (24)-24)

= 1128 KN

 STAIRS

= (No. of steps) (Rise)(Run) (Width of stairs) (Unit weight of concrete)

= (17) (0.20) (0.25) +(1x3x0.20) (2) (24)

= 115.2 KN

 WALL
 Horizontal wall =1139.04 KN
 Vertical wall = 619.2 KN

TOTAL WEIGHT

= 594.86 + 518.4 + 291.6 + 1128 + 115.2 + 979.2 + 1860.48

= 5487.74 KN

= 594.86 + 518.4 + 291.6 + 1128 + 115.2 + 1109.76 + 1658.88

= 5416.7 KN

= 5416.7 KN

= 297.43 + 345.6 + 142.56 + 1128 +115.2 +1139.04 + 619.2

7
 = 3787.03 KN

COMPUTED SEISMIC DEAD LOAD

= 3787.03 KN

= 5416.7 KN

= 5416.7 KN

= 5487.74 KN

TYPICAL COLUMN PLAN

COMPUTED SEISMIC DEAD LOADS

W4 = 3787.03 KN
W3 = 5416.7 KN
W2 = 5416.7 KN
W1 = 5487.74 KN

W = 20108.17 KN

8
 W4 = 3787.03 KN
F4 + F t

3.40
W3 = 5416.7 KN
F3

3.40
W2 = 5416.7 KN
F2

3.40
W1 = 5487.74 KN
F1

3.40

N - S DIRECTION ELEVATION OF FRAMES

W4= 3787.0
F4 + Ft 3

3.40

W3 = 5416.7
F3

3.40

W2 = 5416.7
F2

3.40

W1 = 5487.7
F1 4

3.40

E - W DIRECTION ELEVATION OF FRAMES

9
BASE SHEAR

Cv I
V= ¿
RT

= 0.64 ---------- corresponding to soil profile Type

Use ---------- corresponding to seismic source Type A

= (0.64) (1.6) = 1.024

I = 1.0 ---------- standard occupancy

T= ---------- Method A

= 0.0731 ---------- reinforced concrete

= 13.6 m

T = (0.0731) (13.6) = 0.52 sec.

R = 8.5 ---------- concrete (SMRF)

1.024 ( 1.0 )
V= (20108.17)
( 8.5 ) ( 0.52 )
V = 4658.54 KN

CHECK BASE SHEAR VALUE

2.5Ca I
1. V = (W )
R

0.44 ; = 1.2

(0.44) (1.2)

( 2.5 ) ( 0.44 ) ( 1.2 ) (1)

V¿ (20108.17)
8.5
V = 3643.13 KN---------- (govern!)

10
2. V = 0.11 IW

V = (0.11) (0.44) (1.2) (1) (20108.17)

V= 1167.88 KN

0.8 ZNvI
3. V= (W )
R

( 0.8 ) ( 0.40 ) ( 1.6 ) (1.0)

V= (20108.17)
8.5

V = 1211.22 KN

THEREFORE: V = 3643.13 KN ---------- Strength Value

DISTRIBUTION OF BASE SHEAR OVER THE HEIGHT OF THE STRUCTURE

LEVEL Wxhx
(KN) (m) Wihi (g)

4 3787.03 13.6 51503.61 0.317 1154.87 0.305

3 5416.7 10.2 55250.34 0.341 1242.31 0.229

2 5416.7 6.8 36833.56 0.227 826.99 0.153

1 5487.74 3.4 18658.32 0.115 418.96 0.076

∑Wihi =162245.83

FORMULAS:

11
1154.87

1242.31

826.99

418.96

Vertical Distribution of Base Shear IX

F4 = 1154.87 kN

F3 = 1242.31 kN

F2 = 826.99 kN

F1 = 418.96 kN

V= 3643.13 kN

MARK

SIZE

B H

C1 0.45 0.45 0.0034 0.0034 0.0483 0.0483 20.72 20.72 1 1

HORIZONTAL DISTRIBUTION

IY
12
Column height = 3.4 m

Use F = 1000 KN--- (assume any value for computing relative rigidity, but not for actual rigidity)

E = 2.1 x kpa ----- (reinforced concrete)

= 4730 ------- (MPa) ------- (modulus of elasticity of concrete)

G = 0.40 E ------------ (shear modulus)

13
4

CENTER OF MASS

* (consider the slab mass, determine centroid)

CM

𝑚 4.5 𝑚
�
�

� 𝑚 20 𝑚
�

Center of Rigidity

∑Rx = 36.00

∑Ry = 36.00

 Take ∑ of moment of rigidities about Grid A

36.00 Xr = 4(5) + 4(10) +4(15) + 4(20) + 4(25) + 4(30) + 4(35) + 4(40)

Xr = 20 m

14
  Take ∑ of moment of rigidities about Grid 1

36.00 Yr = 9(2) + 9(6) + 9(10)

Yr = 4.5 m

Eccentricities

1. Ex = Xm – Xr = 0 ---center of mass coincides with the center of rigidity!

Ey = Ym – Yr = 0
2. Accidental Eccentricity
Ex = 5% (40) = 2 m
Ey = 5% (9) = 0.45 m
3. Design Eccentricity
Edx = Ex + Exaccidental = 0 + 2 = 2 m
Edy = Ey + Eyaccidental = 0 +0.45 = 0.45 m

Torsional Moment

Mt = Fxedx ; let F= 1.00 KN (assumed)

Mt = 1.00(2.00)

Mt = 2 KN – m -----per KN of force (along y-direction)

Mt = Fxedy

Mt = 1.00(0.45)

Mt = 0.45 KN- m ----- per KN of force (along x direction)

15
 Horizontal Distribution of Forces

F --------(Drop F since its equal to 1 from assumption)

Frame R R/∑R d d² Rd² Rd²/∑ Rd² MT/d TF DF TF +DF

North - South Direction (along y -direction)

A 4 0.11 20 400 1600 0.267 0.10 0.027 0.11 0.138

B 4 0.11 15 225 900 0.15 0.133 0.02 0.11 0.131

C 4 0.11 10 100 400 0.067 0.20 0.013 0.11 0.124

D 4 0.11 5 25 100 0.017 0.40 0.007 0.11 0.118

E 4 0.11 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.11 0.111

F 4 0.11 5 25 100 0.017 0.40 0.007 0.11 0.118

G 4 0.11 10 100 400 0.067 0.20 0.013 0.11 0.124

H 4 0.11 15 225 900 0.15 0.133 0.02 0.11 0.131

I 4 0.11 20 400 1600 0.267 0.10 0.027 0.11 0.138

Total 36 ∑Rd1 = 6000

East - West Direction (along x - direction)

1 9 0.25 4.5 20.25 182.25 0.343 0.111 0.038 0.25 0.288

2 9 0.25 2.5 6.25 56.25 0.106 0.2 0.021 0.25 0.271

3 9 0.25 1.5 2.25 20.25 0.038 0.333 0.013 0.25 0.263

4 9 0.25 5.5 30.25 272.25 0.513 0.091 0.047 0.25 0.297

Total 36 ∑Rd2 = 531

∑Rd = 6531

16
Frame Forces

Frame 1 – HDF = 0. 288

F4= 1154.87 x 0. 288= 332.60 kN

F3= 1242.31 x 0. 288= 357.79 kN

F2= 826.99 x 0. 288= 238.17 kN

F1= 418.96 x 0. 288= 120.66 kN

332.60

357.79

238.17

120.66

Frame 2 – HDF = 0.271

F4= 1154.87 x 0.271= 312.97 kN

F3= 1242.31 x 0.271= 336.67 kN

F2= 826.99 x 0.271= 224.11 kN

F1= 418.96 x 0.271= 113.54 kN

312.97

336.67

224.11

113.54

17
Frame 3 – HDF = 0.263

F4= 1154.87 x 0.263= 303.73 kN

F3= 1242.31 x 0.263= 326.73 kN

F2= 826.99 x 0.263= 217.50 kN

F1= 418.96 x 0.263= 110.19 kN

303.73

326.73

217.50

110.19

Frame 4 – HDF = 0.297

F4= 1154.87 x 0.297= 343 kN

F3= 1242.31 x 0.297= 368.97 kN

F2= 826.99 x 0.297= 245.62 kN

F1= 418.96 x 0.297= 124.43 kN

343

368.97

245.62

124.43

18
Frame A and Frame, I – HDF = 0.138

F4= 1154.87 x 0.138= 159.37 kN

F3= 1242.31 x 0.138= 171.44 kN

F2= 826.99 x 0.138= 114.12 kN

F1= 418.96 x 0.138= 57.82 kN

159.37

171.44

114.12

57.82

Frame B and Frame H – HDF = 0.131

F4= 1154.87 x 0.131= 151.29 kN

F3= 1242.31 x 0.131= 162.74 kN

F2= 826.99 x 0.131= 108.33 kN

F1= 418.96 x 0.131= 54.88 kN

151.29

162.74

108.33

54.88

19
Frame C and Frame G – HDF = 0.124

F4= 1154.87 x 0.124= 143.20 kN

F3= 1242.31 x 0.124= 154.05 kN

F2= 826.99 x 0.124= 102.55 kN

F1= 418.96 x 0.124= 51.95 kN

143.20

154.05

102.55

51.95

Frame D and Frame F – HDF = 0.118

F4= 1154.87 x 0.118= 136.27 kN

F3= 1242.31 x 0.118= 146.59 kN

F2= 826.99 x 0.118= 97.58 kN

F1= 418.96 x 0.118= 49.44 kN

20
136.27

146.59

97.58

49.44

Frame E – HDF = 0.111

F4= 1154.87 x 0.111= 128.19 kN

F3= 1242.31 x 0.111= 137.90 kN

F2= 826.99 x 0.111= 91.80 kN

F1= 418.96 x 0.111= 46.50 kN

128.19

137.90

91.80

46.50

21
FRAME HORIZONTAL FORCES

343
Q R S T
3.40
m

368.97
M N O P
3.40
m

245.62
I J K L
3.40
m

124.43
E F G H
3.40

A B C D

4.00 .4.00 2.00.

F4= 1154.87 x 0.297= 343 kN

F3= 1242.31 x 0.297= 368.97 kN

F2= 826.99 x 0.297= 245.62 kN

F1= 418.96 x 0.297= 124.43 kN

22
Column shears

4th level

From assumption (2), the total horizontal shear = 343 KN

Let V = shear carried by each exterior column

2V = shear carried by each interior column

V + 2V + V + V = 343 KN

6V = 343 KN

V = 57.17 KN (exterior column)

2V = 114.34 KN (interior column)

3rd level

Total shear = 343 + 368.97 = 711.97 KN

6V = 711.97 KN

V = 118.66 KN (exterior column)

2V = 237.32 KN (interior column)

2nd level

Total shear = 343 + 368.97 + 245.62 = 957.59 KN

6V = 957.59 KN

V = 159.60 KN (exterior column)

2V = 319.20 KN (interior column)

1st level

Total shear = 343 + 368.97 + 245.62 + 124.43= 1082.02 KN

6V = 1082.02 KN

V = 180.34 KN (exterior column)

2V = 360.68 KN (interior column)

23
COLUMN MOMENTS

= (h / 2) ; h / 2 = 1.7 m

= = 57.17 (1.7) = 97.19 KN-m = =

= = 118.66 (1.7) = 201.72 KN-m = =

= = 139.60 (1.7) = 271.32 KN-m = =

= = 180.34 (1.7) = 306.58 KN-m = =

= = 114.34 (1.7) = 194.38 KN-m = =

= = 237.32 (1.7) = 403.44 KN-m = =

= = 319.20 (1.7) = 542.64 KN-m = =

= = 360.68 (1.7) = 613.16 KN-m = =

24
GIRDER MOMENTS

25
GIRDER SHEAR

= = 2 (97.19) / 4 = 48.6 KN

= = 2 (97.19) / 4 = 48.6 KN

= = 2 (97.19) / 2 = 97.19 KN

= = 2 (298.91) / 4 = 149.46 KN

= = 2 (298.91) / 4 = 149.46 KN

= = 2 (298.91) / 2= 298.91 KN

= = 2 (473.04) / 4 = 236.52 KN

= = 2 (473.04) / 4 = 236.52 KN

= = 2 (473.04) / 2 = 473.04 KN

= = 2 (577.9) / 4 = 288.95 KN

= = 2 (577.9) / 4 = 288.95 KN

= = 2 (577.9) / 2 = 577.9 KN

26
COLUMN AXIAL FORCES

27
28
29
30
31
 Column Section Design

Beam Element Details

Unique
Level Element Section ID Combo ID Station Loc Length (mm) LLRF Type
Name
GROUND Sway
C7 251 B-450X450 DConS6 250 5000 1
FLOOR Special

Section Properties
b (mm) h (mm) bf (mm) ds (mm) dct (mm) dcb (mm)
450 450 450 0 60 60

Material Properties
Ec (MPa) f'c (MPa) [Link] Factor (Unitless) fy (MPa) fys (MPa)
21525.56 20.68 1 248 248

Design Code Parameters

ϕT ϕCTied ϕCSpiral ϕVns ϕVs ϕVjoint
0.9 0.65 0.75 0.75 0.6 0.85

Flexural Reinforcement for Moment, Mu3

Required +Moment -Moment Minimum
Rebar Rebar Rebar Rebar
mm² mm² mm² mm²
Top (+2 Axis) 1143 0 1143 734
Bottom (-2
734 556 0 734
Axis)

Design Moments, Mu3

Design Design Factored Factored Special Special Design Design
+Moment -Moment +Moment -Moment +Moment -Moment Pu for +ve M Pu for -ve M
kN-m kN-m kN-m kN-m kN-m kN-m kN kN
52.5038 -105.0076 0 -105.0076 52.5038 -105.0076 -2.0225 -2.0225

32
 Beam Section Design
(Longitudinal beam)

Beam Element Details

Level Element Unique Name Section ID Combo ID Station Loc Length (mm) LLRF Type
GROUND FLOOR B40 241 B-300X500 DConS8 250 5000 1 Sway Special

Section Properties
b (mm) h (mm) bf (mm) ds (mm) dct (mm) dcb (mm)
300 500 300 0 60 60

Material Properties
Ec (MPa) f'c (MPa) [Link] Factor (Unitless) fy (MPa) fys (MPa)
21525.56 20.68 1 248 248

Design Code Parameters

ϕT ϕCTied ϕCSpiral ϕVns ϕVs ϕVjoint
0.9 0.65 0.75 0.75 0.6 0.85

Design Moment and Flexural Reinforcement for Moment, Mu3

Design Design -Moment +Moment Minimum Required
Moment Pu Rebar Rebar Rebar Rebar
kN-m kN mm² mm² mm² mm²
Top (+2 Axis) -109.7385 -5.937 1207 0 734 1207
Bottom (-2 Axis) 54.8693 -5.937 0 591 734 734

Shear Force and Reinforcement for Shear, Vu2

Shear Vu2 Shear ϕVc Shear ϕVs Shear Vp Rebar Av /s
kN kN kN kN mm²/m
73.7534 0 73.7534 63.4151 901.19

Torsion Force and Torsion Reinforcement for Torsion, Tu

Tu ϕTth ϕTcr Area Ao Perimeter, ph Rebar At /s Rebar Al
kN-m kN-m kN-m cm² mm mm²/m mm²
0.0661 3.9304 15.7216 737.7 1244.4 0 0

33
 Beam Section Design
(Transverse Beam)

Beam Element Details

Level Element Unique Name Section ID Combo ID Station Loc Length (mm) LLRF Type
GROUND FLOOR B1 204 B-300X500 DConS11 3750 4000 1 Sway Special

Section Properties
b (mm) h (mm) bf (mm) ds (mm) dct (mm) dcb (mm)
300 500 300 0 60 60

Material Properties
Ec (MPa) f'c (MPa) [Link] Factor (Unitless) fy (MPa) fys (MPa)
21525.56 20.68 1 248 248

Design Code Parameters

ϕT ϕCTied ϕCSpiral ϕVns ϕVs ϕVjoint
0.9 0.65 0.75 0.75 0.6 0.85

Design Moment and Flexural Reinforcement for Moment, Mu3

Design Design -Moment +Moment Minimum Required
Moment Pu Rebar Rebar Rebar Rebar
kN-m kN mm² mm² mm² mm²
Top (+2 Axis) -114.3399 -8.6431 1267 0 734 1267
Bottom (-2 Axis) 57.17 -8.6431 0 622 734 734

Shear Force and Reinforcement for Shear, Vu2

Shear Vu2 Shear ϕVc Shear ϕVs Shear Vp Rebar Av /s
kN kN kN kN mm²/m
93.9733 0 93.9733 85.9324 1148.26

Torsion Force and Torsion Reinforcement for Torsion, Tu

Tu ϕTth ϕTcr Area Ao Perimeter, ph Rebar At /s Rebar Al
kN-m kN-m kN-m cm² mm mm²/m mm²
0.6671 3.9062 15.6249 737.7 1244.4 0 0

34
SLAB DETAILS

12 mm ∅ spaced at 250mm
O.C

35
 DESIGN OF TWO-WAY SLAB
IN COMPLIANCE WITH NSCP 2015, ACI 318-14M, ASCE 7-10 AND UBC 97

Design datum:

f’c = 20.7 MPa

fy = 400 MPa

1. Preliminary sizing
Minimum beam depth requirement as per ACI-318-14 and NSCP 2015 to waive deflection
computations.
A. Slab
Slab Loads:

TYPICAL FLOOR

Classroom Live Load 1.92

kPa

Corridor above Ground floor Live Load 3.83

kPa

Corridor on Ground floor Live Load 4.8 kPa

Live Load on Urinals 2.0 kPa

Floor Finish 1.5 kPa

Stair-Case Loadings 4.0 kPa

NSCP 2015 section 203 Load Combinations

Practical rules of preliminary sizing of members such as girders or beams, columns, slabs and
footings can be used based on provisions on minimum requirements as per prescribed by the
code. Most of these requirements are based on members which are likely to be damaged due
to large deflection.

NSCP 407.3.1 Minimum Slab Thickness

[Link] For solid non-prestressed slabs not supporting or attached to partitions or other
construction likely to be damaged by large deflections, overall slab thickness h shall not be
less

36
 Table [Link] Minimum Thickness of Solid
Non-Prestressed Two-Way Slabs Without Interior Beams

[1]
ln is the clear span in the long direction, measured face to face of supports
[2]
For fy between values given in the table, minimum thickness shall be calculated by linear
interpolation.
[3]
Drop panels as given in Section 208.2.4
[4]
slabs with beams between columns along exterior edges. The value of ∝f for the edge beam
shall be calculated in accordance with Section [Link]. Exterior panels shall be considered
without edge beams if ∝f is less than 0.8.

Considering the Slab Section as Shown

37
SLAB COEFFICIENTS FOR TWO WAY SLAB

38
39
 TYPICAL FLOOR

Classroom Live Load 1.92

kPa

Corridor above Ground floor Live Load 3.83

kPa

Corridor on Ground floor Live Load 4.8 kPa

Live Load on Urinals 2.0 kPa

Floor Finish 1.0 kPa

Stair-Case Loadings 4.0 kPa

Slab 1: Classrooms

case IV

M= CwL2

slab load distribution along the considered section

LL = 7 kPa
Wt. of slab = 24 kN/m3 (0.125m) = 3.00 kPa

s 4000
m= = = 0.8 > 0.5 two-way slab system
L 7000
wu = 1.2DL + 1.6LL

1.2 DL = 1.2 (3) = 3.6 kPa

40
 1.6 LL = 1.6 (7) = 11.2 kPa

wu = 14.80(1m strip)

wu = 14.80 kN/m

I. Short Span of S1

A. Middle Strip
Where a = s = short span and b = L = long span

s 4000−450
m= = = 0.78 say 0.80
L 5000−450

C -S = 0.071

1. For Negative Moment of Considered Section:

- M= Cs wL2

- Mu = Cs (Wu) s2

- Mu = 0.071 (14.80) (4.00)2

- Mu = 16.81kN – m

Checking if Safe in Flexure: considering 1m strip and using 12mm ∅ bar

Muactual ≤ (∅ )(b)(deff)2(f’c)(q)(1-0.59q)

16.81x106 ≤ (0.9 ) (1000mm) (99)2(20.7) (q)(1-0.59q)

q = 0.098

qf ' c (0.098)(20.7)
ρ= = = 5.07x10-3
fy 400
1.4 1.4
ρ min = = = 3.5x10-3
fy 400

ρ min = √ fc =
√ 20.7 = 2.84 x10-3
4 fy 4 (400)
ρ min = 3.5x10-3 < 5.07 x10-3 ------ ok
Use: ρ = 5.07 x10-3
41
 Area of Steel:

As = ρ bd

As = (0.00507) (1000) (99)

As = 501.93 mm2

No. of Steel:

501.93
n12 = π = 4.44 say 5 pcs per 1m strip
(122)
4
Spacing of 12mm Bar

1000
Spacing12 = = 200 mm spacing for negative bar (temperature bars)
5
Considering Temperature and Shrinkage

For fy > 420, 400 > 420

AST = 0.002Agross

AST = 0.002(1000) (125)

AST = 250mm < As = 501.93 mm2 ---- ok

Bar Spacing:

Spacing < 3t and 450mm

200 < 3(125) and 450

200 mm < 375 mm ------- ok

2. Positive Moment of Considered Section

m = 0.80 and case VIII

Positive DL

C+DL = 0.034

Positive LL

C+LL = 0.041

+MU = MuDL + MuLL

42
 MuDL = (0.034) (3.6) (4)2 = 1.96

MuLL = (0.041) (7) (4)2 = 4.59

+MU = 6.55 kN – m

Checking if Safe in Flexure: considering 1m strip and using 12mm ∅ bar

MuACTUAL ≤ ∅ (b)(d2)(f’c)(q)(1-0.59q)

6.55 x 106= (0.90) (1000) (99)2 (20.7) (q) (1-0.59q)

q = 0.0367

qf ' c (0.0367)(20.7 )
ρ= = = 1.90x10-3 < ρ min = 3.5x10-3 ----ok
fy 400
4
If to consider ρ
3
4
(1.90 x10-3) = 2.53 x10-3
3
Use: ρ = 2.53x10-3

Area of Steel:

As = ρ bd

As = (0.00253) (1000) (99)

As = 250.47 mm2

No. of Steel:

250.47
n12 = π = 2.21 say 3pcs per 1m strip
(122)
4
Spacing of 12mm Bar

1000
Spacing12 = = 340mm spacing for positive bar (temperature bars)
3
Considering Temperature and Shrinkage

For fy > 420, 400 > 420

AST = 0.002Agross

43
 AST = 0.002(1000) (125)

AST = 250mm < As = 250.47 mm2 ---- ok

Bar Spacing:

Spacing < 3t and 450mm

340< 3(125) and 450

340 mm < 450 mm ------- ok

adopt 340 for spacing

therefore spacing = 12 mm ∅ spaced at 340mm O.C

B. Column Strip
[Link] Moment of Column Strip
1 1
(Munegative) = (16.81) = 5.60 kN-m
3 3
2. Positive Moment of Column Strip

1 1
(Mupositive) = (6.55) = 2.18 kN-m
3 3

II. Long Span

A. Middle Strip
Where a = s = short span and b = L = long span

s 4000−450
m= = = 0.8
L 5000−450

C -S = 0.029

1. For Negative Moment of Considered Section:

- M= Cs wL2

- Mu = Cs (Wu) L2

- Mu = 0.029 (14.80) (5)2

44
 - Mu = 10.73kN – m

Checking if Safe in Flexure: considering 1m strip and using 12mm ∅ bar

Muactual ≤ ( ρ )(b)(deff)2(f’c)(q)(1-0.59q)

10.73x106 ≤ (0.9 ) (1000mm) (99)2(20.7) (q)(1-0.59q)

q = 0.061

qf ' c (0.061)(20.7)
ρ= = = 3.16x10-3
fy 400
1.4 1.4
ρ min = = = 3.5x10-3
fy 400

ρ min = √ fc =
√ 20.7 = 2.84 x10-3
4 fy 4 (400)
ρ min = 3.5x10-3 > 3.16 x10-3
Use: ρ = 3.5x x10-3

Area of Steel:

As = ρ bd

As = (0.0035) (1000) (99)

As = 346.5 mm2

No. of Steel:

346.5
n12 = π = 3.06 say 4pcs per 1m strip
(122)
4
Spacing of 12mm Bar

1000
Spacing12 = = 250mm spacing for negative bar (temperature bars)
4
Considering Temperature and Shrinkage

For fy > 420, 400 > 420

AST = 0.002Agross

AST = 0.002(1000) (125)

45
 AST = 250mm < As = 346.5 mm2 ---- ok

Bar Spacing:

Spacing < 3t and 450mm

250< 3(125) and 450

250mm < 375 mm and 450 ------- ok

2. For Positive Moment of Considered Section

m = 0.8 and case IV

Positive Dead load

C+DL = 0.016

Positive Live load

C+LL = 0.020

+MU = MuDL + MuLL

MuDL = (0.016) (3) (5)2 = 1.2 kN-m

MuLL = (0.020) (7) (5)2 = 3.5 kN-m

+MU = 1.2 + 3.5 = 4.7 kN – m

Checking if Safe in Flexure: considering 1m strip and using 12mm ∅ bar

MuACTUAL ≤ ∅ (b)(d2)(f’c)(q)(1-0.59q)

4.7 x 106= (0.90) (1000) (99)2 (20.7) (q) (1-0.59q)

q = 0.026

qf ' c (0.026)(20.7)
ρ= = = 1.3455 x10-3 < ρ min = 3.5x10-3 ----ok
fy 400
4
If to consider ρ
3
4
(1.3455 x10-3) = 1.794 x10-3
3

46
 Use: ρ = 3.5 x10-3

Area of Steel:

As = ρ bd

As = (0.0035) (1000) (99)

As = 346.5 mm2

No. of Steel:

346.5
n12 = π = 3.06 say 4 pcs per 1m strip
(122)
4
Spacing of 12mm Bar

1000
Spacing12 = = 250 mm spacing for positive bar
4
Considering Temperature and Shrinkage

For fy > 420, 400 > 420

AST = 0.002Agross

AST = 0.002(1000) (125)

AST = 250mm < As = 346.5 mm2 ---- ok

Bar Spacing:

Spacing < 3t and 450mm

250 < 3(125) and 450

250 mm < 375 and 450 mm ------- ok

adopt 250 for spacing

therefore spacing = 12 mm ∅ spaced at 250mm O.C

B. Column Strip
[Link] Moment of Column Strip
1 1
(Munegative) = (10.73) = 3.58 kN-m
3 3
2. Positive Moment of Column Strip

1 1
(Mupositive) = (4.7) = 1.57 kN-m
3 3

47
Slab 2: Hallway

Case IX

M= CwL2

slab load distribution along the considered section

LL = 3.83 kPa
Wt. of slab = 24 kN/m3 (0.125m) = 3.00 kPa

s 2000
m= = = 0.4 <0.5 one-way slab system
L 5000
wu = 1.2DL + 1.6LL

1.2 DL = 1.2 (3) = 3.6 kPa

1.6 LL = 1.6 (3.83) = 6.128 kPa

wu = 9.728 kPa (1m strip)

wu = 9.728 kN/m

I. Short Span

A. Middle Strip
Where a = s = short span and b = L = long span

s 2000−450
m= = = 0.5
L 5000−450

48
 C-s =0.088

1. For Negative Moment of Considered Section:

- M= Cs wL2

- Mu = Cs (Wu) s2

- Mu = 0.088(9.728) (2)2

- Mu = 3.42 kN – m

Checking if Safe in Flexure: considering 1m strip and using 12mm ∅ bar

Muactual ≤ (∅ )(b)(deff)2(f’c)(q)(1-0.59q)

3.42 x106 ≤ (0.9 ) (1000mm) (99)2(20.7)(q)(1-0.59q)

q = 0.0189

qf ' c (0.0189)(20.7)
ρ= = = 0.978x10-3
fy 400
1.4 1.4
ρ min = = = 3.5x10-3
fy 400

ρ min = √ fc =
√ 20.7 = 2.84 x10-3
4 fy 4 (400)
ρ min = 3.5x103 > 0.978 x103 ------ ok
Use: ρ = 3.5x103

Area of Steel:

As = ρ bd

As = (0.0035) (1000) (99)

As = 346.5mm2

No. of Steel:

346.5
n12 = π = 3.06 say 4 pcs per 1m strip
(122)
4
49
Spacing of 12mm Bar

1000
Spacing12 = = 250 mm spacing for negative bar (temperature bars)
4
Considering Temperature and Shrinkage

For fy > 420, 400 > 420

AST = 0.002Agross

AST = 0.002(1000) (125)

AST = 250mm < As = 346.5mm2 ---- ok

Bar Spacing:

Spacing < 3t and 450mm

250 < 3(125) and 450

250 mm <375 and 450 mm ------- ok

2. Positive Moment of Considered Section

Positive DL

C+DL = 0.038

Positive LL

C+LL = 0.067

+MU = MuDL + MuLL

MuDL = (0.038) (3.6) (2)2 = 0.55

MuLL = (0.067) (6.128) (2)2 = 1.64

+MU = 0.55 + 1.64 = 2.19 kN – m

Checking if Safe in Flexure: considering 1m strip and using 12mm ∅ bar

MuACTUAL ≤ ∅ (b)(d2)(f’c)(q)(1-0.59q)

50
 2.19 x 106= (0.90) (1000) (99)2 (20.7) (q) (1-0.59q)

q = 0.0120

qf ' c (0.0120)(20.7)
ρ= = = 0.621 x10-3 < ρ min = 3.5x10-3 ----ok
fy 400
Area of Steel:

As = ρ bd

As = (0.0035) (1000) (99)

As = 346.5 mm2

No. of Steel:

346.5
n12 = π = 3.06 say 4 pcs per 1m strip
(122)
4
Spacing of 12mm Bar

1000
Spacing12 = = 250 mm spacing for positive bar (temperature bars)
4
Considering Temperature and Shrinkage

For fy > 420, 400 > 420

AST = 0.002Agross

AST = 0.002(1000) (125)

AST = 250mm < As = 346.5 mm2 ---- ok

Bar Spacing:

Spacing < 3t and 450mm

250 < 3(125) and 450

250 mm < 375 and 450 mm ------- ok

adopt 250 for spacing

therefore spacing = 12 mm ∅ spaced at 250mm O.C

51
 B. Column Strip
[Link] Moment of Column Strip
1 1
(Munegative) = (3.42) = 1.14 kN-m
3 3
2. Positive Moment of Column Strip

1 1
(Mupositive) = (2.19) = 0.73 kN-m
3 3
II. Long Span

A. Middle Strip
Where a = s = short span and b = L = long span

s 2000
m= = = 0.50
L 5000

C -S = 0.088

1. For Negative Moment of Considered Section:

- M= Cs wL2

- Mu = Cs (Wu) L2

- Mu = 0.088 (4.27) (5)2

- Mu = 9.394 kN – m

Checking if Safe in Flexure: considering 1m strip and using 12mm ∅ bar

Muactual ≤ ( ρ )(b)(deff)2(f’c)(q)(1-0.59q)

9.394 x106 ≤ (0.9 ) (1000mm) (99)2(20.7)(q)(1-0.59q)

q = 0.053

qf ' c (0.053)(20.7)
ρ= = = 2.74x10-3
fy 400
1.4 1.4
ρ min = = = 3.5x10-3
fy 400

ρ min = √ fc =
√ 20.7 = 2.84 x10-3
4 fy 4 (400)
ρ min = 3.5x10-3 > 2.74 x10-3
Use: ρ = 3.5 x10-3

52
Area of Steel:

As = ρ bd

As = (0.0035) (1000) (99)

As = 346.5 mm2

No. of Steel:

346.5
n12 = π = 3.06 say 4 pcs per 1m strip
(122)
4
Spacing of 12mm Bar

1000
Spacing12 = = 250 mm spacing for negative bar (temperature bars)
4
Considering Temperature and Shrinkage

For fy > 420, 400 > 420

AST = 0.002Agross

AST = 0.002(1000) (150)

AST = 300mm < As = 434 mm2 ---- ok

Bar Spacing:

Spacing < 3t and 450mm

250 mm < 3(125) and 450

250 mm < 375 and 450 mm ------- ok

2. For Positive Moment of Considered Section

m = 0.50 and case IX

Positive Dead load

C+DL = 0.038

Positive Live load

53
 C+LL = 0.067

+MU = MuDL + MuLL

MuDL = (0.038) (3.42) (5)2 = 3.249 kN-m

MuLL = (0.067) (2.19) (5)2 = 3.668

+MU = 3.249 + 3.688= 6.94 kN – m

Checking if Safe in Flexure: considering 1m strip and using 12mm ∅ bar

MuACTUAL ≤ ∅ (b)(d2)(f’c)(q)(1-0.59q)

6.94 x 106= (0.90) (1000) (99)2 (20.7) (q) (1-0.59q)

q = 0.0389

qf ' c (0.0389)(20.7)
ρ= = = 2.01 x10-3 < ρ min = 3.5x10-3 ----ok
fy 400
4
If to consider ρ
3
4
(2.01 x10-3) = 2.68 x10-3
3
Use: ρ = 3.5 x10-3

Area of Steel:

As = ρ bd

As = (0.0035) (1000) (99)

As = 346.5 mm2

No. of Steel:

346.5
n12 = π = 3.06 say 4 pcs per 1m strip
(122)
4
Spacing of 12mm Bar

1000
Spacing12 = = 250 mm spacing for positive bar
4
Considering Temperature and Shrinkage

For fy > 420, 400 > 420

AST = 0.002Agross

AST = 0.002(1000) (125)

54
 AST = 250mm < As = 434 mm2 ---- ok

Bar Spacing:

Spacing < 3t and 450mm

250 < 3(125) and 450

250 mm < 375 and 450 mm ------- ok

adopt 250 for spacing

therefore spacing = 12 mm ∅ spaced at 250mm O.C

B. Column Strip
[Link] Moment of Column Strip
1 1
(Munegative) = (9.394) = 3.13 kN-m
3 3
2. Positive Moment of Column Strip

1 1
(Mupositive) = (6.94) = 2.31 kN-m
3 3

DESIGN OF REINFORCE CONCRETE BEAM

IN COMPLIANCE WITH NSCP 2015, ACI 318-14M, ASCE 7-10 AND UBC 97

55
56
57
 Table [Link]
Minimum depth of Non-Prestressed Beam

Support Condition Minimum h

Simply Supported Ln/16

One end Continuous Ln/18.5

Both End Continuous Ln/21

Cantilever Ln/8

ln fy 4550 400
h= (0.4+ )= (0.4 + )=¿ 221 mm < h= 250 mm
21 700 21 700
ln fy 3550 400
h= (0.4+ )= (0.4 + )=¿164.22 say 200 mm
21 700 21 700

According to IS code 456, beam width should be at least 1.5(w) = 1.5(200) = 300 mm
According to ACI code 318-14, minimum depth of beam should depend on length of beam.
Thus, if length of beam is about 20ft., then minimum depth should be at least 20inches.
20 inch = 0.508m = 508mm

Therefore, Adopt 300mm x 500mm beam size For Primary beams and 200mm x 250mm for
secondary beams. Adequate to
Table 405.3.1
Load Combination

Load Designation Equation Primary

Load

U = 1.4D (403.1.a) D

U = 1.2D + 1.6L + 0.5 ( Lr or R) (403.1.b) L

U = 1.2D + 1.6 ( Lr or R) + (1.0L or 0.5W) (403.1.c) Lr or R

U = 1.2D +1.0W +1.0L + 0.5 ( Lr or R) (403.1.d) W

U = 1.2D + 1.0E + 1.0L (403.1.e) E

U = 0.9D + 1.0W (403.1.f) W

U = 0.9D + 1.0E (403.1.g) E

58
1. Longitudinal beams from 1st to 4th floor

Mu = -109.7385 kN-m

L=5m

B = 300 mm

H = 500 mm

Design of Longitudinal Reinforcement

-109.7385 x 106 = 0.9 (24) (300) (500)2 (q) (1-0.59q)

q = 0.0650

0.0650(24) 4
ρ= = 0.00377 ( ) = 0.005
414 3
1.4
ρ min = = 0.003
414
ρ max = 0.75( ρ bal )

0.85(f ' c )(β)(600) 0.85(20.7)(0.85)(600)

ρ bal = = = 0.0214
fy(600+ fy) 414(600+414 )
ρ max = 0.75(0.0214 ) = 0.016
ρ min < ρ < ρ max = 0.003 < 0.005 < 0.016 ------ ok!
As = ρ (b)(d) = 0.005 (300) (500) = 750mm2

750
nrebars = π = 2.39 say 3 pcs 20mm ∅ bar
(20¿¿ 2)¿
4
Midspan

Mu= 54.8693 kN-m

54.8693 x106 = 0.9 (24) (300) (500)2 (q) (1-0.59q)

q = 0.035

0.035(24)
ρ= = 0.002
414
ρ max = 0.75 ( ρ bal)

59
 0.85(20.7)(0.85)(600)
ρ bal = = 0.0214
(414)(600+ 414)
ρ max = 0.75 (0.0214) = 0.016
1.4
ρ min = = 0.003
( 414)
ρ < ρ min < ρ max = 0.002 < 0.003 < 0.016
Use ρ min = 0.003

As = ρ (b)(d) = 0.003 (300) (500)

As = ρ (b)(d) = 450 mm2

nrebars using 20mm ∅ bar

450
nrebars = π 2 = 1.43 say 2 pcs – 20mm ∅ bar
20
(4)
Shear Reinforcement:

Vu = 73.7534

Using 12 mm Stirrups

d 500
Spacing = = = 250 mm
2 2
2. Transverse Beam From 1st to 4th Floor

Mu = -114.3399 kN – m

L=4m

B = 300 mm

H = 500 mm

Design:

-114.3399 x106 = 0.9 (24) (300) (500)2 (q) (1-0.59q)

q = 0.0679

0.0679(24)
ρ= = 0.0039
414
ρ max = 0.75 ( ρ bal)
0.85(20.7)(0.85)(600)
ρ bal = = 0.0214
(414)(600+ 414)

60
 ρ max = 0.75 (0.0214) = 0.016
1.4
ρ min = = 0.0034
( 414)
ρ min < ρ < ρ max = 0.0034 < 0.0039 < 0.016
Use ρ = 0.0039

As = ρ (b)(d) = 0.0039 (300) (500)

As = ρ (b)(d) = 585 mm2

nrebars using 20mm ∅ bar

585
nrebars = π =1.86 say 2 pcs – 20mm ∅ bar
202
(4)
Midspan

Mu = 57.17 kN – m

B = 300 mm

H = 500 mm

Design:

57.17x106 = 0.9 (24) (300) (500)2 (q) (1-0.59q)

q = 0.0367

0.0367(24 )
ρ= = 0.00021
414
ρ max = 0.75 ( ρ bal)
0.85(20.7)(0.85)(600)
ρ bal = = 0.0214
(414)(600+ 414)
ρ max = 0.75 (0.0214) = 0.016
1.4
ρ min = = 0.0034
( 414)
ρ < ρ min < ρ max = 0.0021 < 0.0034 < 0.016
61
 Use ρ min = 0.0034

As = ρ (b)(d) = 0.0034 (300) (500)

As = ρ (b)(d) = 510 mm2

nrebars using 20mm ∅ bar

510
nrebars = π 2 = 1.62 say 2 pcs – 20mm ∅ bar
20
(4)

Design of Rebar

T = 125 mm

d = 100 mm

b = 1m strip

cc = 25 mm

1. Load Carried by C1:

Tributary Area
Pr = Wt. of Building x
Gross Area
2(5)
Pr = 20108.17 kN x
40(10)
Pr = 502.70 kN – required axial load for design

Design Strength:

P0 = Strength of Concrete + Strength of Steel

P0 = 0.85 f’c Anet + fy Asteel

F’c = 20.7 MPa

Fy = 414 MPa

Anet = Agross - Asteel

Say 8-20mm ∅ bar with dimension of 450mm x 450mm

62
 π
Anet = (450) (450) – 8( ¿) = 199986.726 mm 2
4
π
P0 = 0.85 (20.7 MPa) (199986.726 mm 2) + (410 MPa) (8 ( ¿))
4
P0 = 4549.21 KN– Axial Resistance Capacity

A. Set Back (buffer) based on ACI:

PU = ∅ c (0.85) (P0)

PU = (0.7) (0.85) (4549.21)

PU = 2706.78 kN – Safe Resistance of column

PU = 2706.78 kN > Pr = 502.70 KN – required axial load for design ------- SAFE

B. Slenderness:

Checking slenderness of 300mm width to clear height of column

Lu M1
< 34 – 12
r M2
Where:

Lu= unsupported Length

r = 0.30 (Least Dimension)

Lu = height of column from center to center + depth of footing – depth of

beampre-sizing

Lu = 3.4 – 0.5 = 2.9 m

2.9 40.4291
< 34 -
0.3(0.5) 80.8583
19.33< 33.5 ----- SAFE
C. Checking for number of bars:

A steel
Pg = = 0.01 to 0.08
A gross
63
 π (20¿ ¿ 2)
Pg = 8( ) ¿ = 0.012>0.01
4 450(450)
Therefore: C1= 0.45m x 0.45m with 8-20mm ∅ bar

2. Load Carried by C2:

Tributary Area
Pr = Wt. of Building x
Gross Area
3(5)
Pr = 20108.17 kN x
40(10)
Pr = 754.06 kN – required axial load for design

Design Strength:

P0 = Strength of Concrete + Strength of Steel

P0 = 0.85 f’c Anet + fy Asteel

F’c = 20.7 MPa

Fy = 414 MPa

Anet = Agross - Asteel

Say 8-20mm ∅ bar with dimension of 450mm x 450mm

π
Anet = (450) (450) – 8( ¿) = 199986.726 mm 2
4

π
P0 = 0.85 (20.7 MPa) (199986.726 mm 2) + (410 MPa) (8 ( ¿))
4
P0 = 4549.21 KN– Axial Resistance Capacity

A. Set Back (buffer) based on ACI:

PU = ∅ c (0.85) (P0)

PU = (0.7) (0.85) (4549.21)

PU = 2706.78 kN – Safe Resistance of column

PU = 2706.78 kN > Pr = 754.06 kN – required axial load for design ------- SAFE

B. Slenderness:

Checking slenderness of 300mm width to clear height of column

Lu M1
< 34 – 12
r M2

64
 Where:

Lu= unsupported Length

r = 0.30 (Least Dimension)

Lu = height of column from center to center + depth of footing – depth of

beampre-sizing

Lu = 3.4 – 0.5 = 2.9 m

2.9 54.8693
< 34 -
0.3(0.5) 109.7385
19.33< 33.5 ----- SAFE
C. Checking for number of bars:

A steel
Pg = = 0.01 to 0.08
A gross

π (20¿ ¿ 2)
Pg = 8( ) ¿ = 0.012>0.01
4 450(450)
Therefore: C2= 0.45m x 0.45m with 8-20mm ∅ bar

3. Load Carried by C3:

Tributary Area
Pr = Wt. of Building x
Gross Area
4 (5)
Pr = 20108.17 kN x
40(10)
Pr = 1005.41 kN – required axial load for design

Design Strength:

P0 = Strength of Concrete + Strength of Steel

P0 = 0.85 f’c Anet + fy Asteel

F’c = 20.7 MPa

Fy = 414 MPa

Anet = Agross - Asteel

Say 8-20mm ∅ bar with dimension of 450mm x 450mm

65
 π
Anet = (450) (450) – 8( ¿) = 199986.726 mm 2
4
π
P0 = 0.85 (20.7 MPa) (199986.726 mm 2) + (410 MPa) (8 ( ¿))
4
P0 = 4549.21 KN– Axial Resistance Capacity

A. Set Back (buffer) based on ACI:

PU = ∅ c (0.85) (P0)

PU = (0.7) (0.85) (4549.21)

PU = 2706.78 kN – Safe Resistance of column

PU = 2706.78 kN > Pr = 1005.41 kN – required axial load for design ------- SAFE

B. Slenderness:

Checking slenderness of 300mm width to clear height of column

Lu M1
< 34 – 12
r M2
Where:

Lu= unsupported Length

r = 0.30 (Least Dimension)

Lu = height of column from center to center + depth of footing – depth of

beampre-sizing

Lu = 3.4 – 0.5 = 2.9 m

2.9 54.7523
< 34 -
0.3(0.5) 109.5046
19.33< 33.5 ----- SAFE

C. Checking for number of bars:

A steel
Pg = = 0.01 to 0.08
A gross

π (20¿ ¿ 2)
Pg = 8( ) ¿ = 0.012>0.01
4 450(450)
66
 Therefore: C3= 0.45m x 0.45m with 8-20mm ∅ bar

4. Load Carried by C4:

Tributary Area
Pr = Wt. of Building x
Gross Area
4 (5)
Pr = 20108.17 kN x
40(10)
Pr = 1005.41kN – required axial load for design

Design Strength:

P0 = Strength of Concrete + Strength of Steel

P0 = 0.85 f’c Anet + fy Asteel

F’c = 20.7 MPa

Fy = 414 MPa

Anet = Agross - Asteel

Say 8-20mm ∅ bar with dimension of 450mm x 450mm

π
Anet = (450) (450) – 8( ¿) = 199986.726 mm 2
4
π
P0 = 0.85 (20.7 MPa) (199986.726 mm 2) + (410 MPa) (8 ( ¿))
4
P0 = 4549.21 KN– Axial Resistance Capacity

A. Set Back (buffer) based on ACI:

PU = ∅ c (0.85) (P0)

PU = (0.7) (0.85) (4549.21)

PU = 2706.78 kN – Safe Resistance of column

PU = 2706.78 kN > Pr = 1005.41 kN – required axial load for design ------- SAFE

B. Slenderness:

Checking slenderness of 300mm width to clear height of column

Lu M1
< 34 – 12
r M2

Where:

Lu= unsupported Length

67
 r = 0.30 (Least Dimension)

Lu = height of column from center to center + depth of footing – depth of

beampre-sizing

Lu = 3.4 – 0.5 = 2.9 m

2.9 55.2087
< 34 -
0.3(0.5) 110.4174
19.33< 33.5 ----- SAFE
C. Checking for number of bars:

A steel
Pg = = 0.01 to 0.08
A gross

π (20¿ ¿ 2)
Pg = 8( ) ¿ = 0.012>0.01
4 450(450)
Therefore: C4= 0.45m x 0.45m with 8-20mm ∅ bar

5. Load Carried by C5:

Tributary Area
Pr = Wt. of Building x
Gross Area
2(5)
Pr = 20108.17 kN x
40(10)
Pr = 502.70 kN – required axial load for design

Design Strength:

P0 = Strength of Concrete + Strength of Steel

P0 = 0.85 f’c Anet + fy Asteel

F’c = 20.7 MPa

Fy = 414 MPa

Anet = Agross - Asteel

Say 8-20mm ∅ bar with dimension of 450mm x 450mm

π
Anet = (450) (450) – 8( ¿) = 199986.726 mm 2
4
π
P0 = 0.85 (20.7 MPa) (199986.726 mm 2) + (410 MPa) (8 ( ¿))
4
P0 = 4549.21 KN– Axial Resistance Capacity

68
 A. Set Back (buffer) based on ACI:

PU = ∅ c (0.85) (P0)

PU = (0.7) (0.85) (4549.21)

PU = 2706.78 kN – Safe Resistance of column

PU = 2706.78 kN > Pr = 502.70 kN – required axial load for design ------- SAFE

B. Slenderness:

Checking slenderness of 300mm width to clear height of column

Lu M1
< 34 – 12
r M2
Where:

Lu= unsupported Length

r = 0.30 (Least Dimension)

Lu = height of column from center to center + depth of footing – depth of

beampre-sizing

Lu = 3.4 – 0.5 = 2.9 m

2.9 38.773
< 34 -
0.3(0.5) 77.5459
19.33< 33.5 ----- SAFE
C. Checking for number of bars:

A steel
Pg = = 0.01 to 0.08
A gross

π (20¿ ¿ 2)
Pg = 8( ) ¿ = 0.012>0.01
4 450(450)
Therefore: C5= 0.45m x 0.45m with 8-20mm ∅ bar

6. Load Carried by C6:

Tributary Area
Pr = Wt. of Building x
Gross Area
3(5)
Pr = 20108.17 kN x
40(10)
Pr = 754.06 kN – required axial load for design

69
Design Strength:

P0 = Strength of Concrete + Strength of Steel

P0 = 0.85 f’c Anet + fy Asteel

F’c = 20.7 MPa

Fy = 414 MPa

Anet = Agross - Asteel

Say 8-20mm ∅ bar with dimension of 450mm x 450mm

π
Anet = (450) (450) – 8( ¿) = 199986.726 mm 2
4
π
P0 = 0.85 (20.7 MPa) (199986.726 mm 2) + (410 MPa) (8 ( ¿))
4
P0 = 4549.21 KN– Axial Resistance Capacity

A. Set Back (buffer) based on ACI:

PU = ∅ c (0.85) (P0)

PU = (0.7) (0.85) (4549.21)

PU = 2706.78 kN – Safe Resistance of column

PU = 2706.78 kN > Pr = 754.06 kN – required axial load for design ------- SAFE

B. Slenderness:

Checking slenderness of 300mm width to clear height of column

Lu M1
< 34 – 12
r M2
Where:

Lu= unsupported Length

r = 0.30 (Least Dimension)

Lu = height of column from center to center + depth of footing – depth of

beampre-sizing

70
 Lu = 3.4 – 0.5 = 2.9 m

2.9 51.6479
< 34 -
0.3(0.5) 103.2958
19.33< 33.5 ----- SAFE

C. Checking for number of bars:

A steel
Pg = = 0.01 to 0.08
A gross

π (20¿ ¿ 2)
Pg = 8( ) ¿ = 0.012>0.01
4 450(450)
Therefore: C5= 0.45m x 0.45m with 8-20mm ∅ bar

7. Load Carried by C7:

Tributary Area
Pr = Wt. of Building x
Gross Area
4 (5)
Pr = 20108.17 kN x
40(10)
Pr = 1005.41 kN – required axial load for design

Design Strength:

P0 = Strength of Concrete + Strength of Steel

P0 = 0.85 f’c Anet + fy Asteel

F’c = 20.7 MPa

Fy = 414 MPa

Anet = Agross - Asteel

Say 8-20mm ∅ bar with dimension of 450mm x 450mm

π
Anet = (450) (450) – 8( ¿) = 199986.726 mm 2
4
π
P0 = 0.85 (20.7 MPa) (199986.726 mm 2) + (410 MPa) (8 ( ¿))
4
P0 = 4549.21 KN– Axial Resistance Capacity

71
 A. Set Back (buffer) based on ACI:

PU = ∅ c (0.85) (P0)

PU = (0.7) (0.85) (4549.21)

PU = 2706.78 kN – Safe Resistance of column

PU = 2706.78 kN > Pr = 1005.41 kN – required axial load for design ------- SAFE

B. Slenderness:

Checking slenderness of 300mm width to clear height of column

Lu M1
< 34 – 12
r M2
Where:

Lu= unsupported Length

r = 0.30 (Least Dimension)

Lu = height of column from center to center + depth of footing – depth of

beampre-sizing

Lu = 3.4 – 0.5 = 2.9 m

2.9 52.5038
< 34 -
0.3(0.5) 105.0076
19.33< 33.5 ----- SAFE
C. Checking for number of bars:

A steel
Pg = = 0.01 to 0.08
A gross

π (20¿ ¿ 2)
Pg = 8( ) ¿ = 0.012>0.01
4 450(450)
Therefore: C7= 0.45m x 0.45m with 8-20mm ∅ bar

8. Load Carried by C8:

72
 Tributary Area
Pr = Wt. of Building x
Gross Area
4 (5)
Pr = 20108.17 kN x
40(10)
Pr = 1005.41 kN – required axial load for design

Design Strength:

P0 = Strength of Concrete + Strength of Steel

P0 = 0.85 f’c Anet + fy Asteel

F’c = 20.7 MPa

Fy = 414 MPa

Anet = Agross - Asteel

Say 8-20mm ∅ bar with dimension of 450mm x 450mm

π
Anet = (450) (450) – 8( ¿) = 199986.726 mm 2
4

π
P0 = 0.85 (20.7 MPa) (199986.726 mm 2) + (410 MPa) (8 ( ¿))
4
P0 = 4549.21 KN– Axial Resistance Capacity

A. Set Back (buffer) based on ACI:

PU = ∅ c (0.85) (P0)

PU = (0.7) (0.85) (4549.21)

PU = 2706.78 kN – Safe Resistance of column

PU = 2706.78 kN > Pr = 1005.41 kN – required axial load for design ------- SAFE

B. Slenderness:

Checking slenderness of 300mm width to clear height of column

Lu M1
< 34 – 12
r M2
Where:

Lu= unsupported Length

r = 0.30 (Least Dimension)

73
 Lu = height of column from center to center + depth of footing – depth of
beampre-sizing

Lu = 3.4 – 0.5 = 2.9 m

2.9 52.1597
< 34 -
0.3(0.5) 104.3193
19.33< 33.5 ----- SAFE
C. Checking for number of bars:

A steel
Pg = = 0.01 to 0.08
A gross

π (20¿ ¿ 2)
Pg = 8( ) ¿ = 0.012>0.01
4 450(450)
Therefore: C8= 0.45m x 0.45m with 8-20mm ∅ bar

Critical Section

L 2.9
= = 0.725 mm
4 4
0.725
= 15 pcs
50 mm min spacing

74
75
76
77
78
79
Design of Foundation:

TRIBUTARY AREAS:

F1= 2 (5) = 10 SQ.M

F2 = 3 (5) = 15 SQ.M

F3 = 4 (5) = 20 SQ.M

F4 = 4 (5) = 20 SQ.M

F5 = 2 (5) = 10 SQ.M

F6 = 3 (5) = 15 SQ.M

F7 = 4 (5) = 20 SQ.M

F8 = 4 (5) = 20 SQ.M

RELATIONSHIP OF FOOTINGS IN TERMS OF RELATIVE AREA FROM ITS TRIBUTARY AREA:

F1 = 0.5F3

F2 = 0.75F3

F3 = 1

F4 = 1

F5 = 0.5F3

F6 = 0.75F3

F7 = 1

F8 = 1

FOOTING COUNTS

F1 = 2 (0.5) = 1

F2 = 2 (0.75) = 1.5

F3 = 2 (1) = 2

F4 = 2 (1) = 1

F5 = 7 (0.5) = 3.5

F6 = 7 (0.75) = 5.25

F7 = 7(1) = 7

F8 = 7(1) = 7

80
 TOTAL = 28.25 UNITS

REFERENCE:

Concrete Wt. = 24 kN/m3

Soil Bearing Capacity = 96 kPa in accordance with DepEd Structure Design Standards

Design Limit (SLS- Serviceability Limit State)

Suspended Slab

1. Concrete Weight

Wc = (40m) (10m) (4storeys) (0.50m3/m2) (24) = 19200 kN – wt. of structure

2. Finishing

F = (40) (10) (4storeys) (3 kN/m2) = 4800 kN – wt. of finishing

Total = 19200 + 4800 = 24000 kN

3. Footing Reaction

24000
Fr = = 849.56 kN – wt. carried by one (1) foundation
28.25
4. Required Dimension of Footing (square footing)

Fr 849.56 kN
Area of f2 = = = 8.85 sq. m
Soil bearing Capacity 96 kN /m 2
Dimension f3= sq. root of area of F3

=3mx3m

5. thickness (t)

t = base of column + 2(concrete cover)

t = 0.45+ 2(0.05)

t = 0.55m

6. reinforcing bar minimum requirement, use 20mm ∅ bar

Effective Length
No. of bars =
Spacing+ 1
Effective Length along X = 3000 – 2(50) = 2900 mm

2900
No. of bars = = 14.43 say 15 pcs of 20 mm ∅ bar
200+1

81
7. Concrete Cast

Under NSCP 2010 for cast-in-place concrete:

Unless a greater cover is required by section 407.8.6 or 407.8.8 specified cover for reinforcement
shall not be less than the following:

1. Concrete cast and permanently exposed to earth… 75 mm

2. Concrete exposed to earth or weather:

¯ ∅ 36 mm ¯¿
∅ 20 mm through
50 mm
∅ 16 mm MW 200∨MD 200 wire∧smaller
40 mm

TYPE OF RELATIONSHIP SOLUTION SIZE OF COLUMN THICKNESS

FOOTING WITH F3 FOOTING
T= 0.45+2(0.05)

F1 0.5F3 0.5 (3) (3) 1.50m x 1.50m 0.55m

F2 0.75F3 0.75 (3) (3) 2.25m x 2.25m 0.55m

F3 1 1 (3) (3) 3m x 3m 0.55m

F4 1 1 (3) (3) 3m x 3m 0.55m

F5 0.5F3 0.5(3) (3) 1.50m x 1.50m 0.55m

F6 0.75F3 0.75(3) (3) 2.25m x 2.25m 0.55m

F7 1 1 (3) (3) 3m x 3m 0.55m

F8 1 1 (3) (3) 3m x 3m 0.55m

82
83