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Random Variables & Distributions Guide

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Random Variables & Distributions Guide

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anitasrivas7054
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© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Probability Notes – Random Variables & Distributions (Printable)

1. Random Variable (RV)


A random variable assigns a real number to each outcome of an experiment.
Types:
• Discrete RV – countable values.
• Continuous RV – any value in an interval.

2. PMF, PDF, CDF


PMF (discrete): p(x)=P(X=x), sum of p(x)=1
PDF (continuous): f(x)>=0, integral f(x)=1, P(a<X<b)=integral f(x)dx
CDF: F(x)=P(X<=x), non-decreasing, limits 0 and 1

3. Expectation & Variance


E(X)=sum x p(x) or integral x f(x) dx
Var(X)=E(X^2) - [E(X)]^2

4. Bernoulli Distribution
PMF: P(X=1)=p, P(X=0)=1-p
Mean=p , Variance=p(1-p)

5. Binomial Distribution
X=number of successes in n trials
PMF: C(n,k) p^k (1-p)^(n-k)
Mean=np , Variance=np(1-p)

6. Geometric Distribution
P(X=k)=(1-p)^(k-1) p
Mean=1/p

7. Negative Binomial
P(X=n)=C(n-1, r-1) p^r (1-p)^(n-r)

8. Poisson Distribution
PMF= exp(-lambda) * lambda^k / k!
Mean=lambda, Variance=lambda

9. Continuous Distributions
Uniform(a,b): f=1/(b-a), mean=(a+b)/2
Exponential(lambda): f=lambda * exp(-lambda x), mean=1/lambda
Normal(mu,sigma^2): bell curve, Z=(X-mu)/sigma

10. Joint Distributions & Independence


p(x,y) or f(x,y)
Independence: p(x,y)=pX(x)pY(y)

11. Covariance & Correlation


Cov(X,Y)=E(XY)-E(X)E(Y)
rho = Cov/(sigmaX sigmaY)

12. MGFs
M(t)=E(exp(tX))

13. Key Formulas Summary


E(aX+b)=aE(X)+b
Var(aX+b)=a^2 Var(X)

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