© 2025 King Abdulaziz University. Developed by Dr.
Nofe Alganmi, Computer Science Dept
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College of Compu+ng and Informa+cs
CS001: Introduc+on to Ar+9cial Intelligence
and Compu+ng
Module 10:
Natural Language Processing and Large
Language Models (Part I)
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• Natural Language Processing(NLP)
• What is Natural Language Processing.
• How NLP Works.
• Real-World Applica+ons of NLP.
• Lab 3: Analyze text in Azure AI Foundry portal.
Contents • Create a project in Azure AI Foundry portal.
• Extract named en++es.
• Extract key phrases.
• Summarize text.
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• Large Language Models (LLM):
• What are Large Language Models.
• Large Language Models and tradi+onal natural
language models.
Contents
• Lab 4: Extract data from documents in Azure AI
Foundry portal :
• Create a project in Azure AI Foundry portal.
• Analyze a receipt.
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What is Natural Language Processing ?
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What is Natural Language Processing ?
• Natural Languages are Human languages, such as
English, Arabic, and many others, serve as the
primary means of communica+on. What is Intelligence?
- Achieving goals through learning,
• Have you ever wondered how Google understands reasoning, and adapting.
your search queries, how Siri or Alexa responds to - Found in humans, animals, and
your ques+ons, or how NeRlix generates sub+tles machines.
in mul+ple languages? All of these are powered by -Human Intelligence has diverse
strengths: languages, science, art.
Natural Language Processing (NLP)—a branch of
Ar+9cial Intelligence (AI) that enables computers -No single definition.
to understand, interpret, and generate human
language.
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What is Natural Language Processing?
Natural Language Processing (NLP) is a 9eld
dedicated to enabling computers to work with human
language in various ways. This includes interpre+ng
and genera+ng text or speech, facilita+ng seamless
interac+on between people and machines, and
enhancing communica+on between individuals.
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How NLP Works
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How NLP Works
1) Raw Text (Input Data):
At the beginning of the process, we have raw, unstructured text data-
this could be a document, an ar+cle, a conversa+on, or any text-based
content that needs processing.
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How NLP Works
2) Preprocessing the Text
Before computers can work with language, they must clean and organize the text. This includes:
✔ Removing punctua+on, symbols, and special characters
✔ Lowercasing words (so that "Apple" and "apple" are treated the same)
✔ Removing stop words (words like "the", "is", "and" that do not add much meaning)
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✔ Stemming & Lemma+za+on (reducing words to their base forms, e.g., "running" → "run")
How NLP Works
3) Tokeniza+on
Tokeniza+on is the process of breaking text into smaller units, called tokens. ✔ Token 1: a
✔ Token 2: boat
These can be words, phrases, or even characters.
✔ Token 3: canal
For example, the sentence: "A boat canal dangled." Would be broken into ✔ Token 4: dangled
tokens like this:
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How NLP Works
4) Training a Language Model:
Once text is cleaned and tokenized, the data is used to train an AI-based language
model. This step teaches the machine how words, phrases, and sentences are
structured. The AI learns paLerns, relaNonships, and meanings in text by
analyzing massive datasets.
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Real-World Applications of NLP
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Real-World ApplicaNons of NLP
Machine TranslaNon :
● Ever used Google Translate or Duolingo? NLP enables automa+c transla+on
between languages, making communica+on seamless across diaerent cultures.
● Instant transla+on of images and audio clips.
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Real-World Applica+ons of NLP
Virtual Assistants & Chatbots
● AI-powered assistants like Siri, Alexa,
Google Assistant, and chatbots on websites
use NLP to understand user queries and
provide relevant responses.
● Chatbots are widely used in customer
service, healthcare, and banking to handle
common inquiries ebciently.
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Real-World ApplicaNons
of NLP
Text SummarizaNon :
● Imagine summarizing an en+re news
ar+cle, research paper, or legal document
into a few sentences. NLP models can
extract key points and create short,
meaningful summaries.
● ApplicaNons: Used in journalism, legal
tech, and even in medical research to
process large amounts of informa+on
quickly.
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Real-World ApplicaNons
of NLP
SenNment Analysis :
● Companies and governments use NLP to
analyze public sen+ment from social
media, reviews, and surveys.
● Example: Brands analyze customer
feedback to understand if people are
happy or frustrated with a product.
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Real-World ApplicaNons of NLP
Speech RecogniNon & Voice-to-Text :
● When you use voice typing or dictate messages into your phone, NLP
converts spoken language into text.
● Used in medical dicta+on, accessibility features for visually impaired
users, and call center automa+on.
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Real-World ApplicaNons
of NLP
Autocorrect & PredicNve Text :
● Smartphones and email services use NLP to
autocorrect spelling mistakes and suggest words as
you type (e.g., Gmail’s Smart Compose).
● Helps improve communica+on by making typing
faster and reducing errors.
Plagiarism DetecNon & Grammar Checking :
● Grammarly, Turni+n, Microsoe Word’s Editor—all
use NLP to detect plagiarism, gramma+cal errors,
and improve sentence structure.
● Useful in academia and professional wri+ng.
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Thank You