uDÿ mEiaiSu yd u,aáóg¾

02

uDÿ mEiaiSu (Soft Soldering)

bf,lafg%dksl mßm: tl,ia lsÍfï § wmg uDÿ mEiaiSfï ls%hdj,sh b;d

jeo.;a fõ' fï i|yd úÿ,s mdykhla yd mEiaiqï Bhï fhdod .; hq;= fõ' tfia u
mEiaiSfï ls%hdj,sh ksjerÈ j l< hq;= fõ' fkdue;s kï mEiaiSu uÕska iïnkaO
lrk ia:dk úÿ,suh jYfhka iy hdka;s%l jYfhka Yla;su;a fkd fõ'

mEiaiqï Bhï (Soldaing Lead)

fuh áka yd- Bhï ñY% f,dayhls' fuys áka yd- Bhï ñY%K wkqmd;h 65%
- 35% fõ' kuq;a fjf<|mf<a nyq, j we;af;a 60% - 40% ñY%Kfha mEiaiqï øjH
h' fïjd úIalïN lsysmhlska jh¾ wldrhg ilia lr we;' mEiaiqï lrkq ,nk
ia:dkh u; Tlaihsv ne£u je<elaùug wjYH iHkao ^Flux& fuu jh¾ ;=< u wvx.=
lr we;'

mEiaiqï Bhï

iHkao wvx.= l=yrh

2'1 rEmh

Bhï jhrh øj jk úg th ;=< we;s iHkao Èh ùfuka mEiaiqu u; wdrlaIdj

i,iajhs' Bhï úI iys; øjHhka neúka j¾;udkfha Bhï Ndú; fkdlr ;ekQ
mEiaiqï øjH Ndú; lrkq ,efí'
fkdñf,a fnodyeÍu i|yd h'
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úÿ,s mdykh (Electric Soldewing Iron)
mEiaiqï øjH [Link] mEiaiSu isÿ lsÍug kï mEiaiqï øjHhg ;dmh ,nd § øj
lr .; hq;= h' fï i|yd úÿ,s mdykh ^njq;a& Ndú; lrhs' fuh iDcq j u 230v
[Link] ls%hdlrúh yels h' úÿ,s mdykh ;=< ;dmh bmoùu i|yd wjYH ksfl%daï
lïì oÕrhla fhdod we;' fuu WmlrK w;g w,a,k fldgi fyj;a ñg ma,diaála
fyda ,S jeks úoHq;a fyda ;dm mßjdrl øjHhlska ;kd we;' ksfl%daï oÕrh [Link]
r;a jkq ,nkafka mdykfha ;=v hs'

mßjdrl ñg ksfl%daï oÕrh

cj iemhqï jhrh ;=v

2'2 rEmh

mdykfha ;=v wjYH;dj wkqj úúO yev fhdod iod we;'

2'3 rEmh

úÿ,s mdykh i|yd we;s ;=v ;U fyda firñla ;=vq fõ' ;Uj,g jvd firñla
;=vq jvd fhda.H fõ' thg fya;=j kï ;U ;=vq Ndú;fha § laIh ù yevh fjkia
jk kuq;a firñla ;=vq tfia fkdjk neúks'

fkdñf,a fnodyeÍu i|yd h'

33
 úÿ,s mdykfha r;a ùfï m%udKh tys cj w.h u; r|d mj;s' ta wkqqj 30w,
40w, 60w,100w wd§ cj m%udKfhka hq;a úÿ,s mdyk ,nd.; yels h' idudkHfhka
bf,lafg%dksl Wmdx. tl,ia lsÍu i|yd 30w yd 40w úÿ,s mdyk fhda.H fú'
iuyr bf,lafg%dksl Wmdx. mEiaiSu i|yd 230v m%;Hj¾; Odrdfjka ls%hd lrk
mdyk iqÿiq fkd fõ' ta i|yd ir, Odrd úÿ,sfhka ls%hd lrk úÿ,s mdyk Ndú;
l< hq;= fõ'

Bhï Wrjkh (De Soldering Pump)

mdiaik ,o ia:dkhl we;s Bhï" úÿ,s mdykh [Link] øj fldg bj;a lsÍug
fuu WmlrKh Ndú; lrhs' fuu WmlrKh Ndú; lsÍfuka mEiaiQ [Link] yd
mßm: mqjrejg ydkshla fkd jk f,i Wmdx. .,jd bj;a l< yels h'

mEiaiSu
uDÿ mEiaiSfï § m%:ufhka mdiaikq ,nk ia:dkh fyda jhr msßisÿ lr .; hq;=
h' f;,a" u," ¥ú,s wdÈh we;akï tajd bj;a lr .; hq;= fõ' mEiaiqï Bhï iaj,amhla
r;a jQ mdyk ;=vg f.k mEiaish hq;= ia:dkhg ;nkak' wk;=re j mEiaish hq;=
ia:dkfha fyd¢ka r;a jQ mdyk ;=v ;nd Bhï øj jk WIaK;ajhg by< .sh jyd
u mEiaiqï Bhï mEiaiqï ;=vg iam¾Yjk fia ;eìh hq;= h' túg mEiaiqï øjH
laIKsl øj ù wjYH ia:dkfha .,d hhs' ta ú.i u Bhï lïìh bj;a fldg ;j;a
fudfyd;lska mdyk ;=v o bj;g .; hq;= fõ' túg ukdj mEiaiqï ls%hdj,shla isÿ
lr .; yels h' úÿ,s mdykh yd ia:dkh fyd¢ka r;a fkdùfuka úh<s mEiaiqula
^Dry joint& ,efnk w;r th Yla;su;a fkd fõ' mdiaik l%shd ms<sfj< 2'4 rEmfha
olajd we;'

2'4 rEmh

fkdñf,a fnodyeÍu i|yd h'

34
mßm:hl cjh .Kkh lsÍu'
úÿ,s WmlrKhla fyda bf,lafg%dksl WmlrKhla ls%hd lsÍfï § jehjk
cjh ms<sn| wjfndaOhla ;sîu b;d jeo.;a fõ' thg fya;=j jkafka wm mßfNdackh
lrk uq`M úoHq;a cjh tla tla WmlrKfha úoHq;a cjh wkqj wvq jeä ùu hs' wm
ie,iqï lr .kakd mßm: fyda WmlrK wvq úoHq;a cjhlska ls%hd;aul jkafka
kï wmg jeä Yla;shla b;sß lr.; yels h' úoHq;a cjh uekSfï tallh fjdÜ
^watt& fõ' tys ixfla;h w h' fndfyda úÿ,s WmlrKj, tys úoHq;a cjh fyj;a
fjd,aàh;dj tu WmlrKfha i|yka lr we;'
úoHq;a cjh fiùu i|yd"
W = VI m%ldYkh Ndú; l< yels h' túg WmlrKfhka ,nd .kakd
fofl<jr fjda,aàh;dfõka" úoHq;a Odrdfjka .=Ks;h tu WmlrKfha úoHq;a cjh
fyj;a laIu;dj fõ'
úÿ,s cjh i|yd jk by; m%ldYhg ´ïf.a kshufhka ,nd.;a m%ldYkh
wdfoaY lsÍfuka ;j;a m%ldYk folla ,nd.; yels h'
W = VI
V = IR wdfoaYfhka
W = IR.I
W = I2R
I = V R wdfoaYfhka

W = V. V R
W = V2 R

u,aá óg¾

úÿ,s yd úoHq;a mßm:j, úúO ñkqï ,[Link] u,aáógr nyq, j fhdod .kS'
w;S;fha ñkqï ,[Link] i|yd weïmsh¾ óg¾" fjda,aÜógr yd ´ïógr hkqfjka
fjka fjka j ógr Ndú; lrk ,È' tÈfkod Ndú;fha myiqj i|yd fï ish,a,
tlg tl;= lr ;ks ógrhla f,i u,aáógrh ksmojk ,È'
u,aáóg¾ m%Odk jYfhka j¾. folls'
• m%;siu u,aáóg¾ - Analog Multimeter
• ixLHdxl u,aáóg¾ - Digital Multimeter

fkdñf,a fnodyeÍu i|yd h'

35
 m%;siu u,aáóg¾ (Analoge Multimeter)
i, oÕr ñkqï WmlrKhla Ndú;fhka ksmojd we;s m%;siu u,aáógrfhaa
o¾Ylfha msysàu wkqj mdGdxl ,nd.; yels fõ'
ógrh mßyrKfha § th ;eìh hq;= wdldrh ixfla; [Link] olajd we;'

- ;sria msysàul ;nd mdGdxl .; hq;= h'

- isria msysàul ;nd mdGdxl .; hq;= h'
- wdk; j ;nd mdGdxl .; hq;= h'

u,aáógrh Ndú; lsÍfuka miq .nvd lsÍfï § my; ±lafjk lreKq ms<sn|
ie,ls,su;a úh hq;= h'
• ysret<sh fl<ska u jefgk ia:dkj, fkd;eìh hq;= h'
• lïmk iys; ia:dkj, fkd;eìh hq;= h'
• ¥ú,s iys; ia:dkj, fkd;eìh hq;= h'
• isis,a yd w÷re iys; ia:dkhl ;eìh hq;= h'
• wvq wd¾ø;djlska hq;a ia:dkhl ;eìh hq;= h'
• u,lk øjHj, .eàfuka je<elaúh hq;= h'

m%;siu u,aáóg¾ Ndú; lsÍu

u,aáógrhlska ir, Odrd iy m%;Hdj¾; Odrd fjda,aàh;djka o" m%;sfrdaO;dj
o j ir, Odrdjka o ueksh yels fõ'

m%;sfrdaOh uekSu

2'5 rEmh

fkdñf,a fnodyeÍu i|yd h'

36
 m%;siu u,aáógrfha uqyqKf;ys Wäka u we;s mßudKh ´ï mßudKh fõ'
fuu mßudKfha ìkaÿj mßudKfhka ol=Kq mi msysgd we;s w;r tu mßudKh
wkka;fhka wjidk fõ' oyfha .=Kdldr wdldrhg mßudKh l%udxlkh lr we;'
mrdi f;dark iaúph i|yd mrdi .Kkdjlska we;' tajd kï ×1, ×10, ×100 iy ×
1k fõ' mrdi f;dark iaúph tla mrdihlg fhduq lr uekqï w.% fol tlsfklg
.eàug i,iajd o¾Ylh ´ï mßudKfha ìxÿjg meñfKa ±hs mÍlaId lr ne,shq hq;=
h' tfia fkd fõ kï ´ï mrdih ìkaÿj fj; f.k tafï fnd;a;u lrljd o¾Ylh
mßudKfha ìkaÿj fj; f.k hd hq;= h' ñkqï ,[Link]ï § o¾Ylh msysá w.h
lshjd" mrdi f;darK iaúph msysgd we;s .=Kk [Link] .=K lr mdGdxl ,nd.;
yels h'

WodyrK
o¾Ylh ´ï mßudKfha 22 ys msysgd we;súg mrdi f;dark iaúph
× 100 ys we;ehs i,luq'
túg m%;sfrdaOfha w.h = 22 × 100
= 2200

= 2200
1000

= 2'2 k

ir, Odrd fjda,aàh;d mßudKh

fjda,aàh;dj iy Odrdj tl u mßudKh Ndú; lr lshjkq ,nhs' ish¨ u
mdGdxl ,[Link] m%:u o¾Ylh ìxÿfõ msysgd ;sfí ±hs mÍlaId lr ne,sh hq;=
fõ' tfia fkdue;s kï o¾Ylh ìkaÿj fj; f.k tafï i, oÕr WmlrKh u;
we;s bial=remamqj lrleùfuka o¾Ylh ìxÿj fj; f.k hd hq;= h' mrdi fldaKh
wod< mrdihg fhduq lsÍfuka f;darKhg wk;=re j mdGdxlh ,nd.; yels h'
ñkqï ,[Link]ï § ie,lsh hq;= lreKq
• uekSug n,dfmdfrd;a;= jk úNjfhka O%eùh;dj y÷kd.; hq;= h'
• ueksh hq;= úNjh fkdfokafka kï mrdi f;darKfha Wmßu
[Link] fhduq l< hq;= h'

fkdñf,a fnodyeÍu i|yd h'

37
 • fmdÿ w.%h ^l`M& úNjfha iDKg iïnkaO l< hq;= h'
• uekqï w.%h ^r;=& úNjfha Ok w.%hg iïnkaO l< hq;= h'
• mdGdxl ,[Link] wmyiq kï mrdi f;darKh l%ufhka wvq mrdi
fj; fhduq lr mdGdxl ,nd.; hq;= h'

ir, Odrdj uekSu

ir, Odrdj uekSfï § ir, Odrd fjda,aàh;d mßudK u Ndú; lrk w;r
mrdi f;darKh Wmßu [Link] hq;a mrdi i|yd fhduq l< hq;= h' Odrdj
uekSfï § O%eùh;dj jeo.;a fõ'

WodyrK

2'6 rEmh

2'6 rEmhg wkqj u,aáógrfha r;= jhrh cj iemhqfï Ok

w.%hg o fmdÿ w.%h n,anhg o iïnkaO lr we;' fkdokakd Odrd
uekSfï § jeä mßudKhjk 0'25 isg l%ufhka wvq l< hq;= fõ'

m%;Hdj¾; Odrd fjda,aàh;d mßudKh

m%;Hdj¾; fjda,aàh;d mßudKh r;= meyefhka olajd we;s w;r mrdi
f;daarK iaúph fhduq lrk mrdih o r;= meyefhka olajd we;' fuu mßudKfhka
ñkqï ,[Link]ï § O%eùh;djka y÷kd .ekSu wjYH fkd fõ' mrdi f;darK iaúp
by< wxYfha isg l%ufhka my< mrdi fj; fhduq lr mdGdxl ,nd.; yels h'

fkdñf,a fnodyeÍu i|yd h'

38
bf,lafg%dksl m%;siu u,aáógrh

2'7 rEmh

o¾Ylhla iys; u,aáógrhla jk fuu WmlrKh jeä iïNdokhlska hqla;

fõ' bf,lafg%dksla u,aáógrfha we;s mßudKj, ìkaÿj jfï msysgd we;' m%;siu
u,aáógrfhka ´ï mßudKh ol=fKa isg jug úysÿK o bf,lafg%dksla u,aáógrfha
´ï mßudKh jfï isg ol=Kg úysfoa' ir, Odrd yd m%;Hdj¾: Odrd i|yd tl
mßudKhla Ndú; lrhs' m%;siu u,aáógr fuka fuu u,aáógrhg O%eùh;dj ksjeros
j iïnkaO l< hq;= fõ'

ixLHdxl u,aáógrh

2'8 rEmh

fkdñf,a fnodyeÍu i|yd h'

39
 ixLHdxl u,aáógrhl w.h ima; LKavl o¾Yl [Link] ±lafjk neúka
mdGdxl lshùu myiq fõ' tfuka u ógrfha iïNdokh o jeä [Link] .kS'
ixLHdxl u,aáógrfha ieleiau 4 rEmfhka olajd we;' m%;siu ógrfha fuka
ixLHdxl ógrfha O%eùh;dj ksjerÈ j fh§u w;HjYH fkd jk w;r O%eùh;dj
udre ù we;s kï iDK ixfla;h o¾Ykh fõ' m%;siu yd ixLHdxl u,aáógrj, we;s
úfYaI;ajhka my; j.=fjka ±lafõ'

m%;siu u,aáógrh ixLHdxl u,aáógrh

• wNHka;r m%;sfrdaOh wvq h' • wNHka;r m%;sfrdaOh jeä fõ'

• Odrd ñkqï ,[Link]ï § iqÿiq h' • fjda,aàh;d ñkqï ,[Link]ï § iqÿiq
• O%eùh;dj ksjerÈ j iïnkaO l< h'
hq;= h' • O%eùh;dj ksjerÈ j iïnkaO lsÍu
• o¾Ylh Ndú; lsÍfuka mdGdxl ,nd w;HjYH fkdfõ'
.ekSfï § lshùfï fodaI we;s fõ' • o¾Ylfha ixLHd o¾Ykh jk neúka
• WmÍu iSudj blaujd .shfyd;a mdGdxl lshùfï fodaI we;s fkdfõ'
o¾Ylhg ydks isÿ fõ' • Wmßu iSudj blaujd .shfyd;a ta
• ógrhg wod< ksjerÈ msysàfï ;nd ms<sn| j ±kqï fok w;r ógrhg
mdGdxl .; hq;= h' ydks isÿ fkd fõ' ógrfha msysàu
• ON/OFF iÑphla wjYH fkd fõ' jeo.;a fkd fõ'
• ON/OFF iÑphla w;HjYH h'
2'1 j.=j

úoHq;a hdka;s%l m%;siu ógrhl iy bf,lafg%dksl m%;siu ógrhl

úfYaI;ajhka my; j.=fõ ±lafõ'

úoHq;a hdka;s%l m%;siu u,aáógrh bf,afg%dksl m%;siu ixLHdxl u,aáógrh

• wNHka;r m%;sfrdaOh k /v 50l • wNHka;r m%;sfrdaOh jeä fõ' k 0

jvd wvq fõ' • ON/OFF iaúp wjYH fkd fõ'
• ON / OFF iaúphla wjYH • m%;sfrdaO mßudKh jfï isg ol=Kg
fkdfõ' wdfrdayKh jk f,i ilia fõ'
• m%;sfrdao mßjD;h ol=fKa isg
jug wdfrdayK f,i ilia fõ'

2'2 j.=j

fkdñf,a fnodyeÍu i|yd h'

40