Web Service introduction

API testing
 API testing is a type of software testing where application programming interfaces (APIs) are
tested to determine if they meet expectations for functionality, reliability, performance, and
security.

 Testing the application in Source code layer (Business layer) is called API testing

 Testing interface between two Application is also called API testing

 Testing is done without browser is called API testing

SOA [Service Oriented Architecture]

 Difference between Frontend & Backend
Testing
Front End testing Back End testing
Back-end testing is done on Business
Front-end is always performed on GUI layer and engineer should have
knowledge on Data base and backend
Testing becomes slower because it have to wait for
It is faster and saves time.
browser rendering time
Performance testing Is not easy in front-end Performance testing is easy and faster
Adhoc, usability and compatibility testing
Adhoc, usability and compatibility testing are possible
are not possible
Manual & selenium automation will be done at front white Box, Webservice testing will be
end(BBT) done in the backend (WBT. GBT)
End to end testing is easy End to end testing is difficult

SOAP UI, POSTMAN, RESTCLIENT,

Tools: selenium, QTP, test complete etc
RESTASSURED, testNG , JUNIT

Difference between Unit & API Testing

UNIT testing [WBT] API testing [Webservice testing]

Done by development team Done by manual testing , API testing team or

SDET team
Should have knowledge on source code & Should have knowledge on expectations and
database agreements of API [API –Swagger Doc]

Test each and every source code of the Test the data flow between 2 application
application
It is a white box testing It is a kind of grey box testing

Tools: eclipse+testNG Tools: SOAP UI, POSTMAN, RESTCLIENT,

RESTASSURED

API testing Types

Types of API testing

1. Whitebox testing/ Unit Testing

2. WebService Testing

2.1 Soap WebService API-testing

2.2 RESTFull WebService API-testing

Unit Testing [White Box testing or Unit API testing]
• Testing the business logic of the source code using another program is called unit testing

• White Box testing is also called as unit testing

• In order to automate unit test case, we have to go for Unit testing tools like Junit / TestNG

• Few java developers say Unit testing is also part of API Unit test

EG: Antivirus application, device drivers, JDBC, WebDriver

Web service
 Web Services is the mechanism or the medium of communication through which two
applications / machines will exchange the data irrespective of their underline technology

 Web services help 2 application exchange information with each other when application
running in same or different platform.

 Any service available on web is called webservice

 All Web service are API, but API are not webservice

 WebService help us to share the functionality of one application to any other application
without sharing the source code & database data, even though both application running in
same or different platform.
Why WebService Testing
  The purpose of Web Service Testing is to verify that all of the APIs exposed by your
application working as expected or not? WRT functionality & performance, security

 All web service is exposed via API

 Testing request and response of the API is called webservice testing

 Webservice provider has to test all the API’s, because to make sure all the functionality
which is exposed via web service is working or not?

What is SOAP
• SOAP is a simple XML-based protocol to let applications exchange information over HTTP.

• SOAP it uses XML to exchange information between applications.

• SOAP provides a way to communicate between applications running on different operating

systems, with different technologies and programming languages.

• SOAP stands for Simple Object Access Protocol

• SOAP is a communication protocol

• SOAP is for communication between applications

• SOAP communicates via Internet

• SOAP is platform & language independent

• SOAP is based on XML

• SOAP is simple and extensible

What is WSDL
• An WSDL document describes a soap web service. It specifies the location of the service, and
the methods of the service, using these major elements:

• Element • Description

• Defines the (XML Schema) data

• <types>
types used by the web service

• Defines the data elements for

• <message>
each operation

• Describes the operations that

• <portType> can be performed and the
messages involved.

• <binding> • Defines the protocol and data

format for each port type
 UDDI
• UDDI is an XML-based standard for describing, publishing, and finding web services.

• UDDI stands for Universal Description, Discovery, and Integration.

• UDDI is a specification for a distributed registry of web services.

Soap WebService API Testing

• When two application exchange information via soap protocol, which is based on xml,
testing those request and response is called Soap webservice testing

• SOAP WebService exposed via .WSDL file

• EG: SOAP API

[Link]

[Link]

What is Rest
• REST stands for Representational State Transfer.

• It means when a RESTful API is called, the server will transfer to the client a representation
of the state of the request

• REST is an architectural style for developing web services. REST is popular due to its
simplicity and the fact that it builds upon existing systems and features of the internet's http
resource.

• In order for an API to be RESTful, it has to adhere to 6 constraints:

Why JSON is Popular in RestFull Webservice

• Java Script Object Notation

• It’s a Programing language to exchange information between 2 application

• The JSON format is syntactically identical to the code for creating JavaScript objects.

Because of this similarity, a JavaScript program can easily convert JSON data into native
JavaScript objects.
 • JSON is a lightweight format for storing and transporting data

• All Browser & Mobile UI can easily consume json language

• No SQL databases can directly store the data in the form of JSON (Mango DB, Casendra).

• Platform independent.

RestFull WebService API Testing

• When two application exchange information via http protocol, which is based
json/xml/text/html, testing those request and response is called Rest webservice
testing
• Rest API Webservice are exposed via URI
• EG: Rest API
[Link]
[Link] dest=value
[Link]

Difference between SOAP/ Rest

SOAP Web Service Rest Web Service
SOAP is a protocol REST is Architectural style
Simple Object Access Protocol Representational State Transfer
SOAP can't use REST Web services, it is a protocol REST can use soap as well since it is concept
SOAP expose the services (Business Logic) via .WSDL
file REST expose the service (Business Logic) via URI
SOAP designed using too much standards REST does not define too much standards
REST permits different data formats- Plain text, html,
SOAP permits XML data format only JSON, XML ,JS
SOAP requires more bandwidth and resources REST requires less bandwidth and resource than SOAP
Inherits security measures from underlined transport
SOAP defines its own security Protocol (ouath-1.0 outh-2.0 , Bearer token)
SOAP Less preferred than REST REST more preferred than SOAP

Advantages of Web Service

1. Web Services Interoperability (WS-I)

• Web Services are "Application, Platform and Technology Independent"

• Ex: Uber / OLA and Google Maps shares the data among each other

2. Loosely Coupled
 • Each application is independent of one another. Hence changes done to one application will
not impact the "unrelated areas"

3. No need of re-inventing the wheel

• Web Services reduces the software development time

• This helps the other business partners to quickly develop application and start doing
business

• This helps business to save time and money by cutting development time

• Ex: Uber / OLA can make use of Google Maps

4. Business Opportunity

• Web Services will open the door for new business opportunities by making it easy to connect
with partners

• Ex: Dominos can get the order from Food Panda / Swiggy along with getting orders from its
own site

5. Service Reuse

• Web Services takes code reuse a step further

• Ex: An organization can have a "Single Payment Gateway service" which helps other web
applications of that organization to interact