31/03/2025

Solution to Lab. Calc. 4

Anna plans to calculate the air conditioning heat load contributed by heat
conduction through the glass windows. A single pane window is made up of
glass held in a frame while a double pane window is made up of 2 glass
panels with an air space in between and is held by a frame. Each window
type has a total area of 1 m2 where the glass occupies 0.8 m2 and the frame
occupies 0.2 m2. The outside air temperature measures 31 °C while the
room air temperature measures 10 °C. Outside convection heat transfer
coefficient is 30 W/m2-°C while room coefficient measures 10 W/m2-°C.
Convection heat transfer coefficient in the air space inside the double pane
window is 5 W/m2-°C. The frame in both windows is made up of a
composite with a heat transfer coefficient of 8 W/m2-°C. The glass thickness
is 5.1 mm in both panes with a thermal conductivity of 1.0 W/m-°C.

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1. What is the heat flux (W/m2) from the glass in a single pane window?
𝑞 ∆𝑇
= = 151.7
𝐴 1 ∆𝑥 1
+ +
ℎ 𝑘 ℎ
2. In the single pane window, what is the surface temperature (°C) of the glass facing
the outside air?
𝑞
= ℎ 𝑇 −𝑇 ,
𝐴
𝑇 , = 25.94
3. In the single pane window, what is the surface temperature (°C) of the glass facing
the room?
𝑞
=ℎ 𝑇 , −𝑇
𝐴
𝑇 , = 25.17

4. What is the heat flux (W/m2) from the frame in a single pane window?
𝑞 ∆𝑇
= = 81.29
𝐴 1+ 1 + 1
ℎ ℎ ℎ

5. What is the overall heat transfer coefficient (W/m2-°C) in a single pane window?
𝑞 +𝑞 = 𝑈𝐴∆𝑇
𝑞 𝑞
0.8 + 0.2 = 𝑈 1 31 − 10
𝐴 𝐴
𝑈 = 6.55
6. What is the heat flux (W/m2) from the glass in a double pane window?
𝑞 ∆𝑇
= = 38.64
𝐴 1 2∆𝑥 2 1
+ + +
ℎ 𝑘 ℎ ℎ

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7. In the double pane window, what is the surface temperature (°C) of the glass facing
the outside air?
𝑞
=ℎ 𝑇 −𝑇 ,
𝐴
𝑇 , = 29.71

8. What is the temperature of the air (°C) inside the double pane window?
Surface temperature of outer glass facing room, Tog,i (°C)
𝑞 ∆𝑥
=𝑇 , −𝑇 ,
𝐴 𝑘
𝑇 , = 29.515
Temperature of the air (°C) inside the double pane window, Tair
𝑞
=ℎ 𝑇 , −𝑇
𝐴
𝑇 = 21.79

9. What is the heat flux (W/m2) from the frame in a double pane window?
𝑞 ∆𝑇
= = 81.29
𝐴 1+ 1 + 1
ℎ ℎ ℎ
10. What is the overall heat transfer coefficient (W/m2-°C) in a double pane window?
𝑞 +𝑞 = 𝑈𝐴∆𝑇
𝑞 𝑞
0.8 + 0.2 = 𝑈 1 31 − 10
𝐴 𝐴
𝑈 = 2.246

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An ice plant with a 5 cm diameter refrigeration pipe at -31 °C is exposed to room air at
21 °C with h = 5 W/m2-°C. Anna plans to insulate the pipe with 5 mm of asbestos (k =
0.17 W/m-°C).

11. What is the heat transfer per meter of pipe length (W/m) in a pipe without
insulation?
𝑞
= ℎ 2𝜋𝑟 ∆𝑇 = 40.84
𝐿
12. What is the heat transfer per meter of pipe length (W/m) in a pipe with insulation?
𝑟 = 0.03
𝑞 2𝜋 ∆𝑇
= = 42.22
𝐿 𝑟
1 𝑙𝑛 𝑟
+
ℎ𝑟 𝑘

13. What is the maximum possible heat transfer per meter of pipe (W/m) due to the
addition of varying thickness of asbestos insulation?
𝑘
𝑟 = = 0.034
ℎ
𝑞 2𝜋 ∆𝑇
= = 42.48
𝐿 𝑟
1 𝑙𝑛 𝑟
+
ℎ𝑟 𝑘
14. If the interface of asbestos and the pipe has a thermal contact resistance of 0.5 m2
°C W-1, what is the heat transfer per meter of pipe length (W/m)?
𝑞 2𝜋 ∆𝑇
= = 11.78
𝐿 𝑟
𝑙𝑛
1 𝑟 𝑅
+ +𝑟
ℎ𝑟 𝑘

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15. If the interface of asbestos and the pipe has a thermal contact resistance of 0.5 m2
°C W-1, what is the surface temperature (°C) of asbestos facing the pipe?
𝑞 2𝜋𝑟 𝑇 , − 𝑇
=
𝐿 𝑅
𝑇 , = 6.49
16. If the interface of asbestos and the pipe has a thermal contact resistance of 0.5 m2
°C W-1, what is the surface temperature (°C) of asbestos facing the room?
𝑞
= 2𝜋𝑟 ℎ 𝑇 − 𝑇 ,
𝐿
𝑇 , = 8.5