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By Dr. Abhishek Kumar
Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 20152030
7 Global Targets
Priorities for Action
Guiding Principles for Disaster Risk Reduction
UNSDG and DRR
A short history
About SDGs
Overview of SDGs in Disaster Management
SDGs and Specific Targets Related to DRR
Hyogo Framework for Action HFA
Prime Ministerʼs Ten Point Agenda on Disaster Risk Reduction DRR, 2016
Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-
2030
The Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 20152030 was adopted at
the Third United Nations World Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction. This
conference took place from 14 to 18 March 2015 in Sendai, Miyagi, Japan.
It was endorsed by the UN General Assembly following the 2015 Third UN
World Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction WCDRR.
The Sendai Framework represents a comprehensive, action-oriented
approach towards significantly reducing disaster risks and building
resilience on a global scale.
It is the first major agreement of the post-2015 development agenda. It
provides Member States with concrete actions to protect development gains
from the risk of disasters.
The Sendai Framework works hand in hand with other 2030 Agenda
agreements, including:
The Paris Agreement on Climate Change
The Addis Ababa Action Agenda on Financing for Development
The New Urban Agenda
The Sustainable Development Goals
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The Sendai Framework advocates for:
The substantial reduction of disaster risk and losses in lives, livelihoods,
health, and the economic, physical, social, cultural, and environmental
assets of individuals, businesses, communities, and countries.
It recognizes that the State has the primary role in reducing disaster risk but
emphasizes the importance of sharing this responsibility with other
stakeholders, including local government, the private sector, and other
stakeholders.
7 Global Targets
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Number Target Importance
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Lowering the
Substantially reduce global disaster mortality by average per
2030, aiming to lower the average per 100,000 100,000 global
(a)
global mortality rate in the decade 20202030 mortality rate to
compared to the period 20052015 prevent loss of
lives
Lowering the
average global
Substantially reduce the number of affected people figure per
globally by 2030, aiming to lower the average global 100,000 to
(b)
figure per 100,000 in the decade 20202030 minimize the
compared to the period 20052015 impact on
individuals and
communities
Minimizing
economic
losses and
Reduce direct disaster economic loss in relation to
(c) protecting
global gross domestic product GDP by 2030
global GDP
from the impact
of disasters
Protecting
Substantially reduce disaster damage to critical
essential
infrastructure and disruption of basic services,
infrastructure
(d) among them health and educational facilities,
and ensuring
including through developing their resilience by
the continuity
2030
of vital services
Enhancing
Substantially increase the number of countries with preparedness
(e) national and local disaster risk reduction strategies and resilience
by 2020 at the national
and local levels
Providing
adequate and
Substantially enhance international cooperation to sustainable
developing countries through adequate and support to
(f) sustainable support to complement their national developing
actions for implementation of the present countries for
Framework by 2030 effective
disaster risk
reduction
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Improving early
warning
systems and
Substantially increase the availability of and access
access to vital
(g) to multi-hazard early warning systems and disaster
information for
risk information and assessments to people by 2030
better disaster
preparedness
and response
Priorities for Action
There is a need for focused action within and across sectors by States at local,
national, regional, and global levels in the following four priority areas.
Priority 1Understanding Disaster Risk
Disaster risk management must incorporate a comprehensive understanding of
disaster risk in all its dimensions including vulnerability, capacity, exposure of
persons and assets, hazard characteristics, and the environment.
Priority 2Strengthening Disaster Risk Governance to Manage Disaster Risk
Effective disaster risk governance is crucial at national, regional, and global
levels for the management of disaster risk reduction across all sectors.
It ensures the coherence of national and local frameworks of laws,
regulations, and public policies.
These frameworks define roles and responsibilities, guiding, encouraging,
and incentivizing public and private sectors to take action and address
disaster risk.
Priority 3Investing in Disaster Risk Reduction for Resilience
Public and private investment in disaster risk prevention and reduction is
vital for bolstering the economic, social, health, and cultural resilience of
individuals, communities, and nations, as well as their assets and the
environment.
These investments can take the form of structural and non-structural
measures.
They serve as catalysts for innovation, growth, and job creation.
Public and private investment in disaster risk reduction is cost-effective,
saving lives and preventing and reducing losses.
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Additionally, these investments facilitate effective recovery and
rehabilitation processes.
Priority 4Enhancing Disaster Preparedness for Effective Response, and to
'Build Back Better' in Recovery, Rehabilitation, and Reconstruction
Disaster preparedness is crucial for ensuring more effective response and
establishing capacities for recovery.
The concept of "Build Back Better" is implemented in the recovery,
rehabilitation, and reconstruction phases.
This approach emphasizes preparedness ahead of disasters and integrates
disaster risk reduction measures into the rebuilding process.
Women and persons with disabilities are encouraged to lead these
initiatives, ensuring gender-equitable and universally accessible
approaches are adopted during response and reconstruction stages.
Guiding Principles for Disaster Risk Reduction
Primary Responsibility of States States have the primary role in preventing
and reducing disaster risk, including through international cooperation.
Shared Responsibility There is a shared responsibility between central
government, national authorities, sectors, and stakeholders as appropriate
to national circumstances.
Protection of Persons and Assets Prioritise the protection of persons and
their assets while promoting and protecting all human rights, including the
right to development.
Engagement of Society Engage all of society in disaster risk management.
Full Engagement of State Institutions Ensure full involvement of executive
and legislative state institutions at national and local levels.
Empowerment of Local Authorities and Communities Empower local
authorities and communities through resources, incentives, and decision-
making responsibilities as appropriate.
Inclusive and Risk-Informed Decision-Making Decision-making
processes should be inclusive and informed by the risks of multiple
hazards.
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Coherence Ensure coherence of disaster risk reduction and sustainable
development policies, plans, practices, and mechanisms across different
sectors.
Accounting of Local Specifics Account for local and specific
characteristics of disaster risks when determining measures to reduce risk.
Cost-effective Investment Address underlying risk factors through
investment to prevent reliance primarily on post-disaster response and
recovery.
'Build Back Better' Embrace the 'Build Back Better' approach for
preventing the creation of, and reducing existing, disaster risk.
Quality Global Partnerships Cultivate strong, meaningful, and effective
global partnerships and international cooperation.
Support Tailored to Developing Countries Ensure support from developed
countries and partners to developing countries is tailored to their identified
needs and priorities.
UN-SDG and DRR
A short history
Early Developments and Foundations
June 1992, Earth Summit, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Adoption of Agenda 21 by
over 178 countries, focusing on global partnership for sustainable
development.
September 2000, Millennium Summit, UN Headquarters, New York
Unanimous adoption of the Millennium Declaration, leading to the creation
of eight Millennium Development Goals MDGs) aimed at reducing extreme
poverty by 2015.
Reaffirmations and Expansions
2002, World Summit on Sustainable Development, South Africa Adoption
of the Johannesburg Declaration on Sustainable Development and the Plan
of Implementation. This reaffirmed commitments to poverty eradication and
environmental protection, building on Agenda 21 and the Millennium
Declaration with an increased focus on multilateral partnership.
The Path to SDGs
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June 2012, United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development
Rio+20, Brazil:
Adoption of "The Future We Want", initiating the process to develop
SDGs.
Establishment of the UN High-level Political Forum on Sustainable
Development.
Introduction of additional sustainable development measures, including
development financing and programmes for small island developing
states.
2013 Formation of a 30-member Open Working Group by the General
Assembly to propose the SDGs.
January 2015 Start of the negotiation process on the post-2015
development agenda by the General Assembly, culminating in the adoption
of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.
2015 A Landmark Year for International Policy
Major Agreements Adopted:
March Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction.
July Addis Ababa Action Agenda on Financing for Development.
September Adoption of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development
with its 17 SDGs at the UN Sustainable Development Summit in New
York.
December Paris Agreement on Climate Change.
Current Developments
The High-level Political Forum on Sustainable Development now serves as
the central UN platform for the follow-up and review of the SDGs.
About SDGs
The Sustainable Development Goals SDGs) are a set of 17 global goals
adopted by the United Nations in 2015.
They provide a blueprint for achieving a more sustainable and equitable future
by addressing various social, economic, and environmental challenges.
The SDGs aim to end poverty, protect the planet, and ensure prosperity for all.
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They cover a wide range of issues such as poverty, hunger, education, gender
equality, clean energy, climate action, and sustainable cities.
Overview of SDGs in Disaster Management
The SDGs also recognise the importance of disaster management and
resilience-building, highlighting the need to reduce the impact of disasters on
people and communities.
The SDGs encompass several targets related to disaster management.
These targets focus on reducing deaths and impact on people from
disasters, decreasing economic losses from disasters, and enhancing
resilience to climate-related hazards and natural disasters.
Integration of Disaster Risk Management in Sustainable Development
Disaster risk management is crucial for sustainable development policies
and activities.
It ensures that development gains are not lost to future disasters.
Disaster Risk Reduction DRR as a Key Component of Development
DRR is essential for sustainable social and economic development.
The Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction, adopted in March 2015,
outlines a 15-year, voluntary, non-binding agreement with specific targets
and priorities for action.
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DRR is recognized as a core development strategy within the SDGs.
SDGs and Specific Targets Related to DRR
The inclusion of 25 targets related to DRR across 10 of the 17 SDGs
establishes DRR as an integral part of sustainable development.
These goals and targets highlight the importance of building resilience and
reducing vulnerability to disasters as key strategies for sustainable
development.
Table: Sustainable Development Goals SDGs) and Targets Related to
Disaster Risk Reduction
Goal Target Simplified Description
Goal 1 End Build resilience and reduce vulnerability of the
1.5
Poverty poor to climate events and disasters by 2030.
Goal 2 End Ensure sustainable food systems and resilient
2.4
Hunger agricultural practices by 2030.
Goal 3 Ensure Strengthen capacity for early warning, risk
3.d
Healthy Lives reduction, and management of health risks.
Goal 4 Quality Educate on sustainable development, human
4.7
Education rights, and culture of peace by 2030.
Upgrade education facilities for safe, inclusive,
4.a
and effective learning environments.
Goal 6 Clean
Water and 6.6 Protect and restore water ecosystems by 2020.
Sanitation
Goal 9 Industry,
Develop sustainable and resilient infrastructure
Innovation, and 9.1
with equitable access for all.
Infrastructure
Support infrastructure development in
9.a
developing countries.
Goal 11
Ensure access to safe, affordable housing and
Sustainable Cities 11.1
upgrade slums by 2030.
and Communities
Enhance sustainable urbanization and capacity
11.3
for human settlement planning by 2030.
11.4 Protect the world's cultural and natural heritage.
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Reduce deaths, affected people, and economic
11.5
losses from disasters by 2030.
Increase disaster resilience in cities and human
11.b
settlements by 2020.
Support building sustainable and resilient
11.c
buildings in least developed countries.
Goal 13 Climate Strengthen resilience to climate-related hazards
13.1
Action and disasters.
Integrate climate change measures into policies
13.2
and planning.
Improve education and capacity on climate
13.3
change mitigation and early warning.
Mobilize $100 billion annually by 2020 for
13.a
developing countries' climate needs.
Raise capacity for climate change planning in
13.b
least developed countries.
Goal 14 Life Below Manage and protect marine ecosystems to
14.2
Water avoid adverse impacts by 2020.
Goal 15 Life on Conserve and sustainably use terrestrial and
15.1
Land freshwater ecosystems by 2020.
Promote sustainable forest management and
15.2
increase afforestation by 2020.
Combat desertification and strive for a land
15.3
degradation-neutral world by 2030.
Conserve mountain ecosystems for sustainable
15.4
development benefits by 2030.
Integrate ecosystem and biodiversity values into
15.9
planning and poverty reduction by 2020.
Hyogo Framework for Action (HFA)
The Hyogo Framework for Action HFA was an instrument for implementing
disaster risk reduction. It is largely seen as a precursor to the Sendai
Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction.
Global Blueprint The HFA served as a global blueprint for guiding disaster
risk reduction efforts.
Time Frame It guided disaster risk reduction efforts from 2005 to 2015.
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Goal The overarching goal was to build the resilience of nations and
communities to disasters, aiming for a substantive reduction of disaster
losses by 2015 in lives, as well as in the social, economic, and
environmental assets of communities and countries.
Adoption The framework was adopted in 2005 at the World Conference
on Disaster Reduction in Kobe, Hyogo, Japan.
Priorities It outlined five areas of priorities for action, along with guiding
principles and practical means for achieving disaster resilience within the
context of sustainable development. The five priorities for action are as
follows:
Making DRR a priority It ensured that disaster risk reduction was a
national and local priority with a strong institutional basis for
implementation.
Risk Identification and Monitoring It focused on identifying, assessing,
and monitoring disaster risks and enhancing early warning systems.
Knowledge and Education It aimed to use knowledge, innovation, and
education to build a culture of safety and resilience at all levels.
Reducing Risk Factors It targeted the reduction of underlying risk
factors.
Preparedness for Response It aimed to strengthen disaster
preparedness for an effective response at all levels.
These priorities were intended to guide nations and communities to
become more resilient to disasters.
HFA's success:
The HFA played a role in enhancing the capacity of nations and communities to
be more resilient to, and to better manage, the hazards that threaten their
development.
Progress in DRR The HFA, supported by the ISDR system, facilitated
significant progress in making nations and communities more resilient and
capable of dealing with hazards.
Partial Success While only partially successful, the HFA offered a
systematic approach to assessing progress in disaster risk reduction.
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Increased Awareness and Action It was instrumental in raising global
awareness about disaster risk reduction and motivated action at national
and local levels.
In conclusion, the HFA, despite not fully achieving its ambitious goals,
contributed to the advancement of disaster risk reduction and resilience-
building. It laid the groundwork for its successor, the Sendai Framework for
Disaster Risk Reduction 20152030.
Prime Ministerʼs Ten Point Agenda on Disaster Risk
Reduction (DRR), 2016
This agenda, presented by Prime Minister Sri Narendra Modi at the Asian
Ministerial Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction 2016 AMCDRR, outlines a
comprehensive strategy for integrating disaster risk reduction into various
facets of governance and society.
It emphasizes the need for inclusive risk coverage, women's participation,
technological integration, global collaboration, and learning from past
experiences to strengthen disaster resilience.
1. Principles of Disaster Risk Management in Development
Development and disaster risk management are interconnected.
All development projects, including infrastructure like airports, roads, and
hospitals, must adhere to disaster safety standards.
Public investments should incorporate disaster risk considerations.
Initiatives like ‘housing for allʼ and ‘smart citiesʼ in India exemplify this
approach.
Collaboration to promote disaster-resilient infrastructure in the region.
2. Comprehensive Risk Coverage
Risk coverage should extend from poor households to SMEs and
multinational corporations.
Current insurance penetration is limited; need for innovative expansion of
risk insurance.
Government initiatives like Jan Dhan Yojana, Suraksha Bima Yojana, and
Fasal Bima Yojana are foundational resilience measures.
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3. Womenʼs Leadership in Disaster Risk Management
Women, often disproportionately affected by disasters, should be central to
disaster risk management.
Encourage womenʼs participation in various roles, including volunteers,
engineers, and artisans in post-disaster scenarios.
Promote women self-help groups for livelihood recovery.
4. Global Risk Mapping Investment
Adopt globally accepted standards for mapping risks of various hazards.
Shared understanding of disaster risks for better planning and
preparedness.
5. Leveraging Technology in Disaster Risk Management
Enhance disaster risk management efficiency through technology.
Develop an e-platform for mapping and exchanging expertise, technology,
and resources.
6. University Network for Disaster-Related Issues
Develop a global network of universities specializing in disaster risk
management.
Universities to focus on multi-disciplinary research relevant to their
geographical location and risks.
7. Utilizing Social Media and Mobile Technologies
Leverage social media and mobile technologies in disaster response and
risk management.
Develop applications relevant to various aspects of disaster risk
management.
8. Building on Local Capabilities and Initiatives
Disaster management should enhance local capabilities.
Support communities in identifying and implementing local risk reduction
measures.
Utilize traditional best practices and indigenous knowledge.
9. Learning from Disasters
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Post-disaster studies should be actively applied to avoid repeating
mistakes.
Propose an international competition for documentary films on disasters to
facilitate learning.
Support improved institutional systems for managing risk post-disaster.
10. Cohesion in International Disaster Response
Enhance the collective strength in disaster response under a common
umbrella.
Propose a common logo and branding for all entities involved in relief,
rehabilitation, and reconstruction.
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