hat's a great next step! I will expand all sections of your B.
Tech Project Report draft,
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incorporating more detail from the provided research papers and adding relevant image tags
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[Link] Project Report (End-Sem 7th
Evaluation)
IS AND CROWDSOURCING BASED NEAR REAL-TIME
G
CRIME MAPPING SYSTEM
3. Abstract (Expanded)
his project addresses the critical issue of escalating crime rates in metropolitan areas,
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particularly in Metro Manila, where up to60% of crimes remain unreporteddue to factors
like fear, inconvenience, and lack of confidence in traditional reporting methods1111111. The lack
of reliable, comprehensive crime data poses a significant challenge for the Philippine National
Police (PNP)2.
he project's solution is thedevelopment of a Geographic Information System
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(GIS)-based Android mobile applicationdesigned for near real-time crime reporting333.
This application leverages crowdsourcing to create a reliable and timely crime database. The
system visualizes crime density and patterns usingGoogle "heatmap" technology444, which
efficiently displays spatial information without cluttering the map with excessive markers5.
he system's core features includelocation-based crime reportingfor citizens and the
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visualization ofcrime hotspots6666. This tool is intended to benefit both local police, by
providing accurate statistics for strategic planning, and citizens, particularly students in
crime-prone areas like theUniversity Belt (Ubelt), by increasing situational awareness7777.
4. Motivation & Background (Expanded)
Relevance to Society, Science & Technology8
he safety of citizens is a paramount concern for the Philippine National Police9. Despite
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technological advancements, the country continues to face a worsening peace and order
situation, largely evidenced by the dramatic rise in unreported crimes101010101010101010. The
traditional method of reporting is often described as a"tedious process,"discouraging
citizens from coming forward11.
his project utilizesGIS—a technological tool proven to be effective for studying
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geo-information, analyzing patterns, and aiding complex decision-making processes—to
combat this issue12121212. By deploying a GIS solution via a convenientAndroid mobile
application, the project democratizes crime reporting and intelligence gathering. The
instantaneous,location-based reportingtransforms passive citizens into active contributors
of real-time data, which is essential for effective crime prevention13131313.
Subject Matter Introduction14
rime mapping is an integral part of crime analysis, tracing its roots back to at least 190015.
C
However, traditional methods, such aspin maps, suffer from limitations like inaccuracy, being
outdated, and data loss16. GIS overcomes these limitations by linking data to geographical
components, offering a platform to automate crime mapping and study various aspects of
criminal activity17.
ur system integrates a crowd-sourced crime reporting platform, similar to the concept of
O
BianYi18, with a robust visualization tool. The key components are:
● R
eal-Time Crowdsourcing:Enabling citizens to submit reports immediately via their
smartphones19.
● G
IS Heatmap Visualization:Using Google'sheatmapto display the density of crimes
across a spatial map. This is particularly useful for quickly identifyinghotspotsor
high-crime areas based on dense clusters of events20202020.
● T
arget Area Focus:The initial focus is on theUniversity Belt (Ubelt)area in Metro
Manila, identified as one of the top five crime-prone zones, to help protect students who
are frequent targets21212121.
5. Literature Survey (Expanded)22
Work/System Key Finding/Contribution Relevance to Our Project
roposed anAndroid
P
aghanoy (Crime
M mobile applicationusing irect basisfor the core
D
Mapping Report mobile GIS to report crime on a architecture, technology
application using GIS) location-based stack (Android, GIS,
232323
information, focusing on Heatmap), and primary
Ubelt campuses. Used goal (reducing unreported
Java, PHP, and MySQL. crime)242424.
eployed theBianYi
D
ong (A Crowdsourcing
T system in China, combining I nspirationfor expanding
Based Crime Mapping crowdsourced reports with data sources beyond direct
System - BianYi)25252525 crime information extracted user reports and the
from social network development of an alert
services likeSina system to inform users in a
Weibo26262626. Provided timely
email alerts. fashion272727272727272727.
he NCR Region of the PNP
T onfirms the utility ofGIS
C
NP Web-based GIS
P uses this web-based and heat mapsin the local
(Bantay Krimen)28282828 system, which shows crime law enforcement context30.
information and utilizes Highlights the gap (manual
customizable icons and data entry) that a mobile,
heat mapsto show crime crowdsourced system must
intensity29292929. fill31.
Web 2.0 collaborative
A emonstrated a successful
D
32323232
WikiCrimes application that allows collaborative
users to register and environmentfor crime
research criminal events on data. Highlights a challenge
maps. However, it relies on for our system, as open
government open data. government data is difficult
to obtain in some regions
like China (and possibly the
Philippines)33333333.
mobile system allowing
A rovides a key insight into
P
obile Crime Mapping in
M public crime reporting in the necessity of a
Alabama34 real-time, but noted the verification mechanism
potential for bogus reports. (like the recommended
Recommended "verified" status and public
verificationby police feedback) to maintain data
stations before reports are accuracy and trust36363636.
deemed accurate35.
6. Problem Definition (Objectives) (Expanded)37
he core problem is the persistence of a"dark figure"of unreported crime, which makes
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crime data unreliable and hinders effective police strategy38383838. The current manual
reporting process is time-consuming, tedious, and leads to data loss and ineffective analysis
in many regions39.
General Objective40
o create anAndroid mobile application for crime reportingthat utilizes Geographic
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Information System (GIS) to provide citizens with a convenient method to report crime in
real-time, thereby helping toreduce the number of unreported crimes41.
Specific Objectives424242
1. G
IS Implementation:To successfully implement GIS technology within an Android
mobile application framework43.
2. V
isualization:To display crime hotspots effectively usingGoogle heatmap
technology44.
3. R
eporting Functionality:To develop a feature that allows users to submit a new crime
report easily and quickly45.
4. Security & Validation:To capture the device'sMAC addressfor initial validation to
prevent the submission of bogus reports4646.
5. E
valuation:To evaluate the system's quality and performance usingalpha and beta
testingbased on theFURPScriteria (Functionality, Usability, Reliability, Performance,
and Security)47.
7. Solution Approach/Project Design (Expanded)
Methodology Used: Adaptive Software Development (ASD)48
he system development employed theAdaptive Software Development (ASD)model,
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which is an iterative approach under the Agile Methodology49. ASD is ideal for small software
rojects and focuses on thecontinuous concept and evolutionof the system50505050. It
p
replaces the rigid Waterfall cycle by allowing a new cycle (Speculate, Collaborate, Learn) to
begin even if the previous one is incomplete51.
Shutterstock
Conceptual Model52
he conceptual model follows a standard but iterativeInput-Process-Output-Evaluation
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flow53.
● I nput (Requirements):Consists of the resources needed, includingKnowledge
Requirements(Mobile Programming, Software Development, Database Management),
Methods(ASD, Applied Research), andSoftware Requirements(Java, MySQL,
XAMPP)54545454545454545454545454.
● P
rocess (System Development):Involves three main stages:Analysis(System
Requirement),Design(Conceptual Design), andDevelopment(Program Coding, System
Test, and Improvement)555555555555555555.
● O
utput (Product):The final deliverable:Crime Mapping Report mobile application
using GIS56.
● E
valuation:The system is continuously assessed using the testing techniques (Alpha
and Beta Testing)57.
Technology Stack and Resources585858
Resource/Language Purpose Notes/Context
Programming Languages elected for robust mobile
S
ava(Android Logic),PHP
J and web-integration
(Server-side logic),JSON functionality.
(Data exchange)59
Development Platform sed as the primary
U
60
Android Studio platform for developing the
mobile system.
Database sed to connect the
U
61
MySQL database to the Android
programming system.
Mapping API sed for data plotting,
U
oogle Map / Google
G navigation, and
Heatmap62626262 visualization of crime
density.
Server Stack sed for local development
U
63
XAMPP and connecting the
database.
Project Design (System Features)64
The mobile application's main menu provides three core navigation areas:
1. C
rime Map:Showsmarkersfor individual crimes. The markers contain detailed
information about the crime, including the type of crime, cite number, place, modus
operandi, officer on case, and the date and time committed65.
2. H
eatmap:This is the GIS spatial map, displaying thedensity of crimesin a particular
area. It uses different colors (ranging from black to white) to represent different values,
making it easier to visualize large datasets than individual markers66.
3. U
ser Account Details:Manages user registration, which is requiredbeforeusing the
application to deter bogus reports67.
8. Details of Work Progress (Expanded)68
Phase I: Planning and Analysis
● D
ata Gathering:Data was collected throughquestionnairesdistributed to respondents
andinterviewsconducted with PNP, City Hall officials, and students from colleges and
universities in the target area69.
● I nitial Data:Initial crime data was gathered from thePNP Manila from 2015-2016,
comprising a total of506 reports(206 from 2015 and 300 from 2016) used for system
testing and population70.
● T
arget Population:The primary respondents for the study were a group oftwenty
individualscurrently enrolled in schools within theUniversity Beltvicinity71.
Phase II: Development and Testing Setup
● D
evelopment:The system was developed usingJavaon theAndroid Studioplatform,
integrating aMySQLdatabase connected viaPHP/JSON72.
● T
esting Technique:To ensure credibility and performance, the system underwentalpha
and beta testingbefore implementation73737373.
● S
tatistical Treatment:The evaluation results were analyzed using two main statistical
treatments:
○ Percentage ($P(\%)$):Used to present the profile of the respondents74. Formula:
$P(\%) = (n/N) \times 100\%$75.
○ W
eighted Mean ($WM$):Used to determine the status of the proposed system
based on a 5-point Likert scale (1: Poor to 5: Excellent)76. Formula: $WM = \frac{\sum
fx}{N}$77.
Phase III: Evaluation Results (Alpha/Beta Testing)787878
he system's performance was evaluated against the FURPS criteria, with results interpreted
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using the Likert Scale (4.51–5.00: Excellent, 3.51–4.50: Very Satisfactory).
Criteria ean Range
M eighted Mean
W Interpretation
(Likert Scale) (WM)
Functionality 3.51–4.50 3.93 ery Satisfactory
V
(VS)79
Usability 3.51–4.50 4.02 ery Satisfactory
V
(VS)80
Reliability 3.51–4.50 3.93 ery Satisfactory
V
(VS)81
Performance 3.51–4.50 4.08 ery Satisfactory
V
(VS)82
Supportability 3.51–4.50 3.60 ery Satisfactory
V
(VS)83
OVERALL MEAN 3.51–4.50 3.97
Very Satisfactory
(VS)8484
heOverall Mean of 3.97confirms that the system's declared objectives and functions were
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successfully achieved, placing its performance in theVery Satisfactoryrange85858585.
9. Conclusions and Future Scope (Expanded)86
Conclusions87
he research successfully demonstrated the feasibility of using aGIS tool, specifically
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Google "heatmap,"in anAndroid mobile applicationto report crime in real-time88. The
system achieved aVery Satisfactory (3.97)rating in its testing, proving its potential to be a
more intuitive and user-friendly interface for identifying crime hotspots than traditional
methods89. The study contributes significantly tospatial crime risk analysis and prevention
managementby providing a reliable platform for citizens to contribute data, which, in turn,
helps police officers make strategic plans and combat crime more effectively90.
Scope for Future Work (Recommendations)91
o enhance the system's effectiveness and address current limitations, the following features
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are strongly recommended:
1. B
ogus Report Mitigation and Verification:To improve data accuracy and avoid false
reports, integrate"like buttons," "report," and "comments"features. This
crowdsourced feedback will allow citizens to confirm or challenge an incident. A crime
report should only change its status to" verified"after confirmation by a police officer
through the system92.
2. E
mergency Communication:Add a feature forautomatic hotlines and emergency
contactsto allow users to reach PNP officials immediately during an emergency93.
3. F
ull Admin Module for Police:Fully implement and refine theadmin modulefor use by
police officers. This module is essential for the system's real-world implementation by law
enforcement94.
4. S
patial Analysis Capability:Integrate functionality foranalyzing the reported crimes,
as the current version is limited to data visualization and does not perform analytical
functions95.
10. References96
● [ 1] Maghanoy, J. A. W. (n.d.). Crime Mapping Report mobile application using GIS.FEU
Institute of Technology, Philippines97979797.
● [ 2] Tong, H. (2014).A Crowdsourcing Based Crime Mapping System. Master Thesis,
Waseda University98989898.
● [ 3] PNP website, "PNP Geographical Information System (DIDM),"
Available:[Link]
geographical-information-system99.
● [ 4] Sandig, J., Somoba, R., & Concepcion, M. (2008). Mining Online GIS for Crime Rate
and Models based on Frequent Pattern Analysis.International Journal of Computer,
Electrical, Automation, Control, and Information Engineering Vol 2, No: 12100.
● [ 5] McClendon, R. (2013, January). Mobile sheriff's crime mapping system to go online
Friday. Available:[Link]