TNMGRMU UNIVERSITY EXAM QUESTIONS (2010 – 2025s)
CARDIOVASCULAR PHYSIOLOGY
ESSAYS SHORT NOTES VERY SHORT NOTES
1. Define arterial blood pressure. Nervous 1. Conduction system of heart.*** 1. Bainbridge reflex.**
regulation of arterial blood pressure.#Short
2. Cerebral 2. Reynolds number.****
regulation of blood pressure.*** Note on
circulation**#regulation
hypertension.****#neurogenic 3. Draw ECG**. Einthoven
#autoregulation.
hypertension.#Goldblatt hypertension triangle.
3. Effect of ‘g’ forces on the body.
2. Case scenario: Myocardial Infarction, 4. Mean arterial pressure.**
peculiarities & regulation of coronary 4. Triple response****
5. Clinical uses of ECG.
circulation, cardiac biomarkers.
5. Lead II ECG******#waveforms
6. Anaphylactic shock.
3. Conduction system of heart. Action with duration &
potentials of ventricular muscle and intervals#segments. 7. Determinants of force of
pacemaker.***#properties of cardiac contraction of heart.
6. Define cardiac output. Methods
muscle.
to measure. 8. Heart block.
4. Cardiac output. Factors regulating. One
7. Baroreceptors** (role in blood 9. Give 2 examples of high and
method for measuring cardiac
pressure). low cardiac output state.
output.****#Ejection fraction.#define
peripheral resistance. Discuss the 8. Hypovolemic shock*** [Link] nodal delay.**
determinants.#Fick’s principle. #management
5. Cardiac cycle. Describe various events.*** 9. P-R interval 11. Exchange vessels..
[Link] in ventricular volume [Link] vessels
during different phases of
[Link] in cardiac output
cardiac cycle*.#pressure
during exercise.
changes*
[Link]’s law.
11. Venous return.**
[Link] changes in coronary
12. Physiological changes in human
blood flow.
body during exercise.
[Link] circulation.
13. Properties of cardiac muscle.
[Link] reserve.
14. Jugular venous pulse***
[Link] of shock.
15. Fetal circulation.*****
[Link] sounds.
16. Features of hypovolemic shock.
17. Pacemaker potential.*******
18. Special features of coronary
circulation.****
19. Factors regulating cardiac
output.**
20. Sino aortic reflex.
21. Myocardial infarction.
22. Heart sounds.*****
23. His Bundle ECG.
24. Short term regulation of blood
pressure.
25. Auto rhythmicity of heart.
26. Determinants of blood pressure.
27. Baroreceptor reflex.
28. 3 bipolar limb leads in ECG.
Significance of PR interval &
ST segment in ECG.\
29. Windkessel effect of aorta.
30. Cardiac index.
31. Frank Starling law of heart
32. Non progressive shock.
33. Regulation of coronary blood
flow.
34. Kirchoff’s law and Einthoven’s
law.
35. Excitation contraction coupling
in cardiac muscle.
REASON OUT
1. Patients with hypovolemic shock have cold extremities. Explain.
2. Patients with left heart failure have difficulty in breathing in lying down posture. Why?
* - Number of times the questions are repeated.
ABSOLUTELY IMPORTANT
Hypertension
Cardiac output
Cardiac cycle
Conduction system
Action potential – ventricular muscle & nodal.
Coronary circulation
Fetal circulation