Solution

PERIODIC TEST -3

Class 12 - Physical Education

Section A
1. (a) Joint structure
Explanation:
Joint structure
2.
(b) Increase in heart size
Explanation:
Increase in heart size

3.
(d) All of these
Explanation:
All of these

4.
(c) Endurance
Explanation:
Endurance

5.
(d) Second Law of Motion
Explanation:
Second Law of Motion

6.
(b) Both Nature of surface of contact and Material of objects in contact
Explanation:
Friction is the force resisting the relative motion of solid surfaces, fluid layers, and material elements sliding against each other.
Friction is also dependent on the amount of contact force pushing the two surfaces together.

7.
(b) Buoyant Force
Explanation:
Buoyant Force

8. (a) Lubrication
Explanation:
Lubrication helps in reducing friction.
9.
(b) Good cardiovascular Endurance
Explanation:
Good cardiovascular Endurance

10.
(d) Proactive aggressive behavior
Explanation:

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 Proactive aggressive behavior is calculated and planned action that has some motive other than harming someone.

11.
(b) Hostile aggression
Explanation:
In hostile aggression, sometimes the players planned to cause injury to intended player on the field. This kind of aggression
often arises from insult, hurt, bad feelings, jealousy and threat.

12.
(b) (a) - (iv), (b) - (i), (c) - (iii), (d) - (ii)
Explanation:
(a) - (iv), (b) - (i), (c) - (iii), (d) - (ii)

13.
(c) Post-isometric stretching
Explanation:
PNF In this procedure, the muscle is first contracted maximally for 6-8 sec using isometric method.

14. (a) Transitional period

Explanation:
Transitional period is constructed for the psychological relaxation and proper rest or recovery.
15.
(d) fartlek training
Explanation:
fartlek training

16.
(d) Running fast
Explanation:
Running fast is an example of Isotonic exercise.

17. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Explanation:
Static friction comes into play when a body is forced to move along a surface and movement does not start.
18. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Explanation:
Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Section B
19. Fast-Twitch Muscle Fibre Dominance: An individual with higher the amount or proportion of Fast-twitching muscle fibre runs
faster. Nervous System Coordination: The efficiency of your nervous system in coordinating rapid movements. Faster the neural
transmission – faster is the ability to run faster.
20. Friction is a type of force which is generated when the different surfaces are in contact. It is basically of two type:
• Static Friction
• Dynamic Friction
Situation where increasing friction is advantageous: Using a rubber grip in Bat increase the friction and prevents the bat from
slippage. Situation where decreasing friction is advantageous: Using specially designed swimming costume decreases the friction
between water and body and helps in moving faster.
21. Motivation means a process through which an individual is inspired or stimulated to act in a particular fashion or manner towards
a particular direction. Techniques of motivation for higher achievement in sports are as follows:
• Active Participation
• Announcing Rewards

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22. Goal setting is an effective strategy for boosting confidence and motivation in athletes. When an athlete has a goal and
understands how and why to reach it, they are more motivated to work towards it. Setting goals involves developing an action
plan that will inspire and direct a person or group toward that goal. Compared to desires and impulsive intentions, goals are more
thoughtful. Setting objectives entails directing one's thoughts, feelings, and actions toward achieving the goal.
23. A sports-person can improve his flexibility without external help through active flexibility and its training methods.
24. (i) It is good for increasing strength and cardio-respiratory endurance.
(ii) This training method is not rigid, it is flexible in nature.
(iii) Several athletes can take part in the training programme at a time
(iv) It does not require any equipment and can be organized easily.
(v) It helps you to accommodate any kind of terrain, surrounding.
Section C
25. Soft tissue refers to tissues that connect, support or surround other structures and organs of the body the muscles, tendons,
ligaments, fascial, nerves, fibrous tissue, blood vessels, etc. soft tissue injuries involve injuries to muscles, ligaments and tendons
in the body.
Preventive measures of soft tissue injuries:
i. Proper warming up
ii. Proper conditioning of body
iii. Scientific equipment & facilities
iv. Clean & plain surface of playgrounds
v. Knowledge rules & regulation of sports events
vi. Actively & alertness participation during the sports training & competition
vii. Fatigue, sickness & injuries condition to avoid participation in the sports training
26. (i) Development of organic fitness: Activities lead to development of organic systems like respiratory system, circulatory system,
muscular and digestive system. It leads to development of active nervous system.
(ii) Improves mental wellness: Mental wellness includes good reaction, good thinking ability, sound working of mind and body,
and away from stress, anxiety and anger. Physical activities increase the flow of oxygen which directly affects our brain. The
person becomes mentally strong and alert.
(iii) Improved strength, speed and flexibility: A physically fit person can manage the routine work efficiently and without getting
fatigued. He posses good amount of strength and flexibility to perform any kind of movement. He is active and can serve the
community in a positive way.
27. Friction is both helpful as well as harmful. Friction is Necessary: It reduces the efficiency of work done. Nothing would be able to
move without friction. Friction is how things accelerate. Without friction we would not be able to walk, we would just be slipping.
Without friction we can not give better performance in sports. Examples: athletes use spikes and footballers use studs to have
appropriate friction while they run fast. A Gymnast uses lime powder on his/her palms to perform many activities like horizontal
bar, uneven bar, Roman Rings. In Badminton, players are usually seen to rub their sole of shoes with lime before going to the
wooden court. It is done to provide better grip on the floor so that one can move safely. Kabaddi players rub their hands with soil
for a better grip of the opponent. Friction is an evil: It is an evil because it results in energy wastage. Due to friction we have to
spend lot of energy and make your life move on. Wear and tear happens because of friction.
28. Aerodynamics is the study of properties of moving air and the interaction between the air and solid bodies moving between it.
The basic forces of aerodynamics are stated below:
Lift: lift is the force that pushes the object to move upward. It is the force that is the opposite of weight.
Weight: Weight is the force generated by the gravitational force of the earth. The weight of an object controls how strong the push
has to be. A shot of 16 pounds requires more force (push) than a javelin.
Drag: Drag is a force that tries to slow the object down. It makes hard for an object to move. It is harder to walk through the water
than through the air. It is because water causes more drag than air.
Thrust: Thrust is a force that is the opposite of drag. Thrust is the push that moves some objects forward.
29. Aggression is a behaviour with the goal of harming or injuring another being motivated to avoid such treatment.
i. Hostile: Inflicting physical or psychological harm.
ii. Instrumental: Displaying aggression in pursuit of a non-aggressive goal.
iii. Assertive: Use of legitimate physical or verbal force to achieve one's purpose.
30. Law of exercise- Repetition of experiences increase the probability of a correct response but it will not enhance learning without
satisfying effect following the response. This law is also known as law of use and disuse. Practice makes the learning bond
stronger thus more we practice or use the better is learning.

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 Section D
31. 1. a) The ability to respond quickly to a stimulus
2. b) Ben
3. a) Speed endurance
4. b) The ability to maintain maximum speed for maximum distance
32. 1. c) To apply physics principles
2. b) Physics and Anatomy
3. b) Dry surface
4. a) Frictional force
33. 1. a) First Law
2. a) Acceleration depends upon the force applied and the mass of an object
3. c) First Law of Motion
4. b) Dry surface
Section E
34. Effects of exercise on the cardiorespiratory system:- When we do exercise there are some immediate effects and long term
effects on the cardio-respiratory system as - stroke volume increases, cardiac output increases, blood flow increases, heart rate
decreases, depth of respiration increases, Strengthen the diaphragm muscles, unused alveolus becomes active, Aerobic capacity
increases, increase in tidal volume, vital capacity increases and increase in the size of lungs and heart etc.
The effects of exercise on our muscular system are as follows:
i. regular exercise changes the shape and size of muscles.
ii. the muscle remains in tone position.
iii. it controls an extra fat deposit.
iv. it improves reaction time.
v. it delays the fatigue.
vi. it improves the efficiency of the movement of muscles.
vii. it makes the figure beautiful.
35. The term aggression refers to a range of behaviour that can result in both physical and psychological harm to one self, others or
objects in the environment.
Types of Aggression:
i. Instrumental Aggression:
This type of aggression is necessary to achieve performance goals and is displayed in a planned manner. The purpose of this
aggression is not to cause harm to the opponent but to achieve one’s goals.
For example, in Football, the player moves ahead and snatches the ball from the opponent with great aggression to score a
goal and not to harm the opponent. This type of aggression is visible in contact games such as Wrestling, Kabaddi and Boxing,
aggressive attacks can help the player to win.
ii. Hostile Aggression:
In this type of aggression, the purpose is to cause physical or psychological harm. This aggression is usually caused as a
reaction to someone’s action. The main aim is to injure the opponent in order to be able to win. In this type of aggression, the
person is biased and this is caused due to hopelessness.
For example, in the game of Kabaddi, after catching the raider, the players try to inflict injury upon him or in a game of
hockey or football, hitting with the stick or kicking purposely to make the other person fall, displays hostile aggression.
iii. Assertive behaviour:
Assertive behaviour can also be called aggression, when a player uses it to improve sports performance. These are forceful
behaviours not intended to injure the opponent and are within the rules of the games. The intention is to establish dominance
rather than harm.
Example: A rugby player using aggression to tackle his opponent to win the ball.
36. A projectile is a force that acts under the influence of gravity and air resistance. When any object is projected in the air, these
force result into a curved or parabolic path, known as projectile trajectory.
Factors that affect projectile trajectory:
i. Angle of projection- When it is 45 degree, maximum horizontal distance is achieved
ii. Initial velocity- The horizontal range depends on initial velocity. Greater the initial velocity applied on the projectile during
release, greater horizontal distance is achieved.

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 iii. Gravity- It is the force of attraction exerted by the earth. The greater the weight of an object, the greater is the influence of
gravity upon it. Gravitational pull stops the upward movement of an object resulting into decreased height of projectile.
iv. Air resistance- Surface area, speed, surface of object and mass of object all have an impact on air resistance.
v. Spin- It changes the path of projectile. The amount and direction of spin directly affects the distance that projectile travels
because the air pressure acts on the ball.
37. circuit training is a form of body conditioning training which targets strength building and muscular endurance. It is basically
performing any series of exercise with minimal, or no rest in between exercise. An exercise "circuit" is one completion of all
prescribed exercises in the program. When one circuit is complete, one begins the first exercise again for the next circuit.

Importance / Advantages:
i. Complete workout in less time.
ii. Can be done outdoor and indoors.
iii. Best during bad weather conditions.
iv. Variations can be done as per needs.
v. More students can be engaged together.
vi. Smaller space used.
vii. Monitoring easy by the teacher.
viii. Minimal equipments used.
ix. Involves whole body.
x. Max results in minimum time.

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