INTERLOCKING – 10 MARKS NOTES (SIMPLE ENGLISH)
Meaning of Interlocking
Interlocking is a railway safety system. It makes sure that signals, points and gates work in a correct
way so unsafe or conflicting train movements do not happen. It allows a train to move only when the
whole route is safe.
Essentials of Interlocking
1. A signal should not show green until the route is correct.
2. All points must be in the right position.
3. Facing points must be locked.
4. Level crossing gates must be closed.
5. The track must be clear.
6. After the signal is green, points should not move.
7. Conflicting signals must not be green together.
Principles of Interlocking
1. Conflicting signals must never be off together.
2. A signal can be taken off only when the route is safe.
3. Facing points must always be locked.
4. Sidings and goods lines must be protected.
5. Distant signal cannot show proceed unless the stop signal ahead shows proceed.
Functions of Interlocking
1. Allows green signal only when route including overlap is safe.
2. Locks facing points.
3. Prevents collisions and conflicting movements.
4. Keeps route clear.
5. Ensures safe movement at stations and junctions.
Types of Interlocking
Mechanical Interlocking
This is the oldest system. It works with levers, rods and bars. It is manual and used in small
stations.
Electro Mechanical Interlocking
It uses both mechanical levers and electrical locks. Safer and used in medium traffic stations.
Relay Interlocking (RRI)
Works with electrical relays. Operator selects route on a panel. It is fast, reliable and used in busy
stations.
Electronic Interlocking (EI)
Computer based system. Logic is in software. Easy to maintain. Used in modern stations.
Computer Based Interlocking (CBI)
Advanced EI. Works with computers and servers. Supports remote control and monitoring. Used in
metros and major junctions.
Solid State Interlocking (SSI)
Fully digital and microprocessor based. Very safe and reliable. Used in modern and high speed
railways.
Panel Interlocking
Uses a control panel with switches. Faster than mechanical systems.
Route Setting Interlocking
Operator selects entry and exit signals. All points set automatically.