LESSON 1
Media and
The Evolution of
Information Traditional to
Literacy New Media
(MIL11/12IMIL-IIIa-4)
Media and explain how the
Information evolution of media
from traditional to new
Literacy
media shaped the
values and norms of
people and society.
Personal Technology Timeline
Make a timeline of the
means of
communication that you
have used. You can draw
or paste cut-outs of
pictures from magazines
or newspapers.
Industrial Revolution 4.0
The Fourth Industrial Revolution, 4IR, or Industry 4.0,
conceptualizes rapid change to technology, industries, and
societal patterns and processes in the 21st century due to
increasing interconnectivity and smart automation. The term
has been used widely in scientific literature, and in 2015 was
popularized by Klaus Schwab, the World Economic Forum
Founder and Executive Chairman. Schwab asserts that the
changes seen are more than just improvements to efficiency,
but express a significant shift in industrial capitalism.
Industrial Revolution 4.0
A part of this phase of
industrial change is the
joining of technologies
like artificial intelligence,
gene editing, to advanced
robotics that blur the
lines between the
physical, digital, and
biological worlds.
Industrial Revolution 4.0
Throughout this, fundamental shifts are taking place in how
the global production and supply network operates through
ongoing automation of traditional manufacturing and
industrial practices, using modern smart technology, large-
scale machine-to-machine communication (M2M), and the
internet of things (IoT). This integration results in increasing
automation, improving communication and self-monitoring,
and the use of smart machines that can analyze and diagnose
issues without the need for human intervention.
Industrial Revolution 4.0
It also represents a social, political, and economic shift from
the digital age of the late 1990s and early 2000s to an era of
embedded connectivity distinguished by the omni-use and
commonness of technological use throughout society (e.g. a
metaverse) that changes the ways humans experience and
know the world around them. It posits that we have created
and are entering an augmented social reality compared to
just the natural senses and industrial ability of humans alone.
Industrial Revolution 4.0
The phrase Fourth Industrial Revolution was first introduced
by a team of scientists developing a high-tech strategy for the
German government. Klaus Schwab, executive chairman of
the World Economic Forum (WEF), introduced the phrase to a
wider audience in a 2015 article published by Foreign Affairs.
"Mastering the Fourth Industrial Revolution" was the 2016
theme of the World Economic Forum Annual Meeting, in
Davos-Klosters, Switzerland.
HISTORY
HISTORY
On the 10 October 2016, the Forum announced the opening of its Centre
for the Fourth Industrial Revolution in San Francisco. This was also
subject and title of Schwab's 2016 book. Schwab includes in this fourth
era technologies that combine hardware, software, and biology (cyber-
physical systems), and emphasizes advances in communication and
connectivity. Schwab expects this era to be marked by breakthroughs
in emerging technologies in fields such as robotics, artificial
intelligence, nanotechnology, quantum computing, biotechnology, the
internet of things, the industrial internet of things, decentralized
consensus, fifth-generation wireless technologies, 3D printing, and
fully autonomous vehicles.
Industrial Revolution 4.0
Pre-Industrial Age (Before 1700s)
Pre-Industrial Age (Before 1700s)
The First Industrial Revolution was marked by a transition
from hand production methods to machines through the use
of steam power and water power. The implementation of new
technologies took a long time, so the period which this refers
to was between 1760 and 1820, or 1840 in Europe and the
United States. Its effects had consequences on textile
manufacturing, which was first to adopt such changes, as
well as iron industry, agriculture, and mining although it also
had societal effects with an ever stronger middle class. It
also had an effect on British industry at the time.
Pre-Industrial Age
(Before 1700s)
The pre-mechanical age is
the earliest age of
information technology. It
can be defined as the
time between 3000B.C.
and 1450A.D.
Pre-Industrial Age
(Before 1700s) We are talking about a
long time ago. When
humans first started
communicating, they
would try to use language
or simple picture
drawings known as
petroglyphs which were
usually carved in rock.
Pre-Industrial Age
(Before 1700s)
Early alphabets were
developed such as the
Phoenician alphabet.
Pre-Industrial Age As alphabets became
(Before 1700s) more popular and more
people were writing
information down, pens
and paper began to be
developed. It started off
as just marks in wet clay,
but later paper was
created out of papyrus
plant.
Pre-Industrial Age
(Before 1700s)
The most popular kind of
paper made was probably
by the Chinese who made
paper from rags.
Pre-Industrial Age
(Before 1700s)
Now that people were
writing a lot of
information down, they
needed ways to keep it all
in permanent storage.
This is where the first
books and libraries are
developed.
Pre-Industrial Age
(Before 1700s)
You’ve probably heard of
Egyptian scrolls which
were popular ways of
writing down information
to save. Some groups of
people were actually
binding paper together
into a book-like form.
Pre-Industrial Age
(Before 1700s) However, it wasn’t until
875A.D. (775 years later)
Also, during this period that the number 0 was
were the first numbering invented. And yes, now
systems. Around 100A.D. that numbers were
was when the first 1-9 created, people wanted
system was created by stuff to do with them so
people from India. they created calculators.
Pre-Industrial Age
(Before 1700s)
A calculator was the very
first sign of an
information processor.
The popular model of that
time was the abacus.
Industrial Age (1700s - 1930s)
Industrial Age (1700s - 1930s)
The Second Industrial Revolution, also known as the
Technological Revolution, is the period between 1871 and 1914
that resulted from installations of extensive railroad and
telegraph networks, which allowed for faster transfer of
people and ideas, as well as electricity. Increasing
electrification allowed for factories to develop the modern
production line. It was a period of great economic growth,
with an increase in productivity, which also caused a surge in
unemployment since many factory workers were replaced by
machines.
Industrial Age
(1700s - 1930s)
The electromechanical
age, now we are finally
getting close to some
technologies that
resemble our modern-day
technology.
Industrial Age
(1700s - 1930s)
The electromechanical
age can be defined as the
time between 1840 and
1940. These are the
beginnings of
telecommunication. The Morse code was created
telegraph was created in by Samuel Morse in 1835.
the early 1800s.
Industrial Age was created by Alexander
(1700s - 1930s)
Graham Bell in 1876.
The telephone (one of the
most popular forms of
communication ever)
Industrial Age
(1700s - 1930s)
The first radio developed
by Guglielmo Marconi in
1894. All of these were
extremely crucial
emerging technologies
that led to big advances in
the information
technology field.
Industrial Age The first large-scale
(1700s - 1930s) automatic digital
computer in the United
States was the Mark 1
created by Harvard
University around 1940.
This computer was 8ft
high, 50ft long, 2ft wide,
and weighed 5 tons -
HUGE.
Industrial Age
(1700s - 1930s) How does your PC match
up to this hunk of metal?
It was from huge
machines like this that
people began to look at
downsizing all the parts to
first make them usable by
businesses and eventually
It was programmed using
in your own home.
punch cards.
Electronic Age (1930s - 1980s)
Electronic Age
(1930s - 1980s)
The electronic age is what
we currently live in. It can
be defined as the time
between 1940 and right
now.
Electronic Age
The ENIAC was the first
(1930s - 1980s) high-speed, digital
computer capable of
being reprogrammed to
solve a full range of
computing problems. This
computer was designed to
be used by the U.S. Army
for artillery firing tables.
Electronic Age
(1930s - 1980s)
This machine was even
bigger than the Mark 1
taking up 680 square feet
and weighing 30 tons -
HUGE. It mainly used
vacuum tubes to do its
calculations.
Electronic Age
(1930s - 1980s)
This machine was even
bigger than the Mark 1
taking up 680 square feet
and weighing 30 tons -
HUGE. It mainly used
vacuum tubes to do its
calculations.
Information Age (1900s - 2000s)
Information Age (1900s - 2000s)
The information age is a period also known as the digital age.
This period signified the use of the worldwide web through an
internet connection. Communication became faster and easier
with the use of social networks or social media platforms
such as Facebook, Messenger, Instagram, Twitter, among
others. The rapid technological advancement and innovation
with the use of microelectronics lead to the development of
laptops, netbooks mobile phones, and wearable technology.
Information Age (1900s - 2000s)
In essence, the Fourth Industrial Revolution is the trend
towards automation and data exchange in manufacturing
technologies and processes which include cyber-physical
systems (CPS), IoT, industrial internet of things, cloud
computing, cognitive computing, and artificial intelligence.
The Fourth Industrial Revolution marks the beginning of the
Imagination Age.
Key Themes
Industry 4.0 increases operational efficiency. Four themes are
presented that summarize an Industry 4.0:
INTERCONNECTION — the ability of machines, devices, sensors, and
people to connect and communicate with each other via the Internet of
things, or the internet of people (IoP)
INFORMATION TRANSPARENCY — the transparency afforded by
Industry 4.0 technology provides operators with comprehensive
information to make decisions. Inter-connectivity allows operators to
collect immense amounts of data and information from all points in the
manufacturing process, identify key areas that can benefit from
improvement to increase functionality
Key Themes
Industry 4.0 increases operational efficiency. Four themes are
presented that summarize an Industry 4.0:
TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE — the technological facility of systems to
assist humans in decision-making and problem-solving, and the ability
to help humans with difficult or unsafe tasks
DECENTRALIZED DECISIONS — the ability of cyber physical systems to
make decisions on their own and to perform their tasks as
autonomously as possible. Only in the case of exceptions, interference,
or conflicting goals, are tasks delegated to a higher level
Distinctiveness
Proponents of the Fourth Industrial Revolution suggest it is a distinct
revolution rather than simply a prolongation of the Third Industrial
Revolution. This is due to the following characteristics:
VELOCITY — exponential speed at which incumbent industries are
affected and displaced
SCOPE AND SYSTEMS IMPACT - the large amount of sectors and
firms that are affected
PARADIGM SHIFT IN TECHNOLOGY POLICY — new policies
designed for this new way of doing are present. An example is
Singapore's formal recognition of Industry 4.0 in its innovation policies.
Distinctiveness
Critics of the concept dismiss Industry 4.0 as a marketing
strategy. They suggest that although revolutionary changes
are identifiable in distinct sectors, there is no systemic
change so far. In addition, the pace of recognition of Industry
4.0 and policy transition varies across countries; the
definition of Industry 4.0 is not harmonized.
Components
The application of the Fourth Industrial Revolution operates
through:
• Mobile devices
• Internet of things (IoT) platforms
• Location detection technologies (electronic identification)
• Advanced human-machine interfaces
• Authentication and fraud detection
• Smart sensors
Components
The application of the Fourth Industrial Revolution operates
through:
• Big analytics and advanced processes
• Multilevel customer interaction and customer profiling
• Augmented reality/ wearables
• On-demand availability of computer system resources
• Data visualization and triggered "live" training
Components
Mainly these technologies can be summarized into four major
components, defining the term “Industry 4.0” or “smart
factory”:
• Cyber-physical systems
• Internet of things (IoT)
• On-demand availability of computer system resources (e.g.
cloud computing)
• Cognitive computing
Components
Industry 4.0 networks a wide range of new technologies to create
value. Using cyber-physical systems that monitor physical processes,
a virtual copy of the physical world can be designed. Characteristics of
cyber-physical systems include the ability to make decentralized
decisions independently, reaching a high degree of autonomy.
The value created in Industry 4.0, can be relied upon electronic
identification, in which the smart manufacturing require set
technologies to be incorporated in the manufacturing process to thus
be classified as in the development path of Industry 4.0 and no longer
digitisation.
Pre-Industrial Age (Before 1700s)
• Cave paintings (35,000 BC)
• Clay tablets in Mesopotamia (2400 BC)
• Papyrus in Egypt (2500 BC)
• Acta Diurna in Rome (130 BC) • Dibao in China
(2nd Century)
• Codex in the Mayan region (5th Century)
• Printing press using wood blocks (220 AD)
Industrial Age (1700s-1930s)
Industrial Age (1700s-1930s)
• Printing press for mass production (19th
• century)
• Newspaper- The London Gazette (1640)
• Typewriter (1800) Telephone (1876)
• Motion picture photography/projection (1890)
• Commercial motion pictures (1913)
• Motion picture with sound (1926)
• Telegraph
• Punch cards
Electronic Age (1930s-1980s)
• Transistor Radio
• Television (1941)
• Large electronic computers- i.e. EDSAC (1949)
and UNIVAC 1 (1951)
• Mainframe computers - i.e. IBM 704(1960)
• Personal computers - i.e. HewlettPackard
9100A (1968), Apple 1 (1976)
• OHP, LCD projectors
Information Age (1900-2000s)
• Web browsers: Mosaic (1993), Internet
Explorer (1995)
• Blogs: Blogspot (1999), LiveJournal (1999),
Wordpress (2003)
• Social media: Friendster (2002), Multiply
(2003), Facebook (2004)
• Microblogs: Twitter (2006), Tumblr (2007)
• Video: YouTube (2005)
• Augmented Reality / Virtual Reality
Information Age (1900-2000s)
• Video chat: Skype (2003), Google Hangouts
(2013)
• Search Engines: Google (1996), Yahoo (1995)
• Portable computers- laptops (1980), tablets
(1993) netbooks (2008),
• Smartphones
• Wearable technology
Data Retrieval (Group Work)
Complete the table below by providing 5 examples of
media in each column.
Pre-Industrial Industrial Electronic Information
Age Age Age Age
TRENDS
Smart Factory
Smart Factory is the vision of a
production environment in which
production facilities and logistics
systems are organized without
human intervention.
The Smart Factory is no longer a
vision. While different model
factories represent the feasible,
many enterprises already clarify
with examples practically, how the
Smart Factory functions.
Smart Factory
The technical foundations on which the Smart Factory - the
intelligent factory - is based are cyber-physical systems that
communicate with each other using the Internet of Things and
Services. An important part of this process is the exchange of
data between the product and the production line. This enables
a much more efficient connection of the Supply Chain and
better organization within any production environment.
Smart Factory
The Fourth Industrial Revolution fosters what has been called
a "smart factory". Within modular structured smart factories,
cyber-physical systems monitor physical processes, create a
virtual copy of the physical world and make decentralized
decisions. Over the internet of things, cyber-physical systems
communicate and cooperate with each other and with humans
in synchronic time both internally and across organizational
services offered and used by participants of the value chain.
Predictive Maintenance
Industry 4.0 can also provide
predictive maintenance, due to
the use of technology and the IoT
sensors. Predictive maintenance
– which can identify maintenance
issues in live – allows machine
owners to perform cost-
effective maintenance and
determine it ahead of time
before the machinery fails or
gets damaged.
Predictive Maintenance
For example, a company in
Los Angeles could
understand if a piece of
equipment in Singapore is
running at an abnormal
speed or temperature.
They could then decide
whether or not it needs to
be repaired.
3D Printing
The Fourth Industrial Revolution
is said to have extensive
dependency on 3D printing
technology. Some advantages of
3D printing for industry are that
3D printing can print many
geometric structures, as well as
simplify the product design
process. It is also relatively
environmentally friendly.
3D Printing
In low-volume production, it can also decrease lead
times and total production costs. Moreover, it can
increase flexibility, reduce warehousing costs and help
the company towards the adoption of a mass
customization business strategy.
In addition, 3D printing can be very useful for printing
spare parts and installing it locally, therefore reducing
supplier dependence and reducing the supply lead time.
3D Printing
The determining factor is the
pace of change. The
correlation of the speed of
technological development
and, as a result, socio-
economic and infrastructural
transformations with human
life allows one to state a
qualitative leap in the speed of
development, which marks a
transition to a new time era.
Smart Sensors
Sensors and instrumentation drive the central forces of
innovation, not only for Industry 4.0 but also for other “smart”
megatrends, such as smart production, smart mobility, smart
homes, smart cities, and smart factories.
Smart sensors are devices, which generate the data and allow
further functionality from self-monitoring and self-
configuration to condition monitoring of complex processes.
With the capability of wireless communication, they reduce
installation effort to a great extent and help realize a dense
array of sensors.
Smart Sensors
The importance of
sensors, measurement
science, and smart
evaluation for Industry 4.0
has been recognized and
acknowledged by various
experts and has already
led to the statement
"Industry 4.0: nothing goes
without sensor systems."
Smart Sensors
However, there are a few issues, such as time synchronization
error, data loss, and dealing with large amounts of harvested
data, which all limit the implementation of full-fledged systems.
Moreover, additional limits on these functionalities represents
the battery power. One example of the integration of smart
sensors in the electronic devices, is the case of smart watches,
where sensors receive the data from the movement of the user,
process the data and as a result, provide the user with the
information about how many steps they have walked in a day
and also converts the data into calories burned.
Agriculture and Food Industries
Smart sensors in these two
fields are still in the testing
stage. These innovative
connected sensors collect,
interpret and communicate
the information available in
the plots (leaf area,
vegetation index, chlorophyll,
hygrometry, temperature,
water potential, radiation).
Agriculture and Food Industries
Based on this scientific data, the objective is to enable real-
time monitoring via a smartphone with a range of advice that
optimizes plot management in terms of results, time and
costs. On the farm, these sensors can be used to detect crop
stages and recommend inputs and treatments at the right
time. As well as controlling the level of irrigation.
Agriculture and Food Industries
The food industry requires more and more security and
transparency and full documentation is required. This new
technology is used as a tracking system as well as the
collection of human data and product data.