ASANSOL INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND

MANAGEMENT – POLYTECHNIC

TRAINING FILE ON
15 DAYS TRAINING IN WBSEDCL

NAME OF THE PARTICIPANT

 SUMIT KUMAR TANTI 5th Sem Electrical Department
Asansol Institute of Engineering and Management-
Polytechnic
 CONTENT

 Acknowledgement
 Brief on Kanyapur 33/11 KV Sub-Station
 Components of Sub-station
 Basic Equipment’s of 33/11 KV Sub-Station
 Grid System
 Conclusion
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We would like to express our sincere gratitude to DE&DM Sir,
HR&A Sir, and DE(Tech) Sir of Asansol Division for giving us the
invaluable opportunity to undergo training at WBSEDCL. Their
guidance, support and patience in addressing our doubts were
instrumental throughout our training journey.
 KANYAPUR 33/11 KV SUB-STATION

The Kanyapur 33/11 kV substation is a type of electrical substation

that steps down voltage from 33,000 volts to 11,000 volts. These
substations are crucial for bridging the gap between the transmission
and distribution networks in an electrical power system.
Here's a more detailed explanation:
 Voltage Transformation:
The primary function of a 33/11 kV substation is to reduce the voltage
from the higher transmission level (33 kV) to a lower distribution
level (11 kV).
 Transmission and Distribution:
Substations like this one act as a connection point between the high-
voltage transmission lines that carry power over long distances and
the lower-voltage distribution lines that deliver power to local areas
and customers.
 Substation Components:
A 33/11 kV substation typically includes equipment like transformers,
circuit breakers, and switchgear to manage and control the flow of
electricity.
The Kanyapur Sub-station is 4 feeder Sub Station
With 3 Bus- couplers. The Kanyanpur Sub-station also operates
whenever there is a fault and it shows what kind of fault has occurred.
 COMPONENTS OF SUB-STATION

A substation consists of various components that work together to

manage and distribute electrical power. Key components
include transformers, circuit breakers, busbars, switchgear, and
control and protection systems. These components enable voltage
transformation, fault interruption, electricity distribution, and overall
system control.

Here's a more detailed look at the components:

1. Power Transformers: These components are crucial for stepping

up or stepping down the voltage of electricity to match transmission
and distribution requirements.
2. Circuit Breakers: These devices protect the substation and
connected equipment by interrupting the flow of electricity during
fault conditions like overloads or short circuits.
3. Busbars: Busbars act as a common connection point for multiple
circuits within the substation, allowing for the distribution of
electricity to various outgoing lines.
4. Switchgear: This includes a combination of circuit breakers,
disconnect switches, and other devices that control the flow of
electricity within the substation and isolate specific circuits for
maintenance or fault isolation.
5. Control and Protection Systems: These systems include relays,
monitoring equipment, and communication systems that ensure the
safe and reliable operation of the substation. They detect faults,
initiate protective actions, and monitor the overall system status.
 BASIC EQUIPMENTS

1. Power Transformer
2. Current Transformer (CT)
3. Potential Transformer (PT)
4. Circuit Breaker
5. Control Panel
6. Conductor/ Cable
7. Insulator
8. Energy Meter, Ammeter & Voltmeter
9. Relay
10. Battery
POWER TRANSFORMER- A power transformer is a static device
that transfers electrical energy between circuits through
electromagnetic induction, without changing the frequency. It's
essential for stepping up or down voltage levels in power systems,
enabling efficient transmission and distribution of electricity. It
consists of primary and secondary windings linked by a magnetic
core. The voltage ratio between the windings determines whether the
transformer steps up or down the voltage. Power transformers are
crucial components in power grids, ensuring reliable power delivery
from generation to consumption. In Kanyapur substation there are
four Power transformers, 3 power transformers are of 10 MVA and 1
power transformer is of 6.3 MVA.
CURRENT TRANSFORMER – A current transformer (CT) is a type
of instrument transformer that steps down high alternating currents
(AC) to a lower, measurable level for metering and protection
devices. It works by using electromagnetic induction to create a
proportional secondary current. The primary winding of a CT is
connected in series with the high-current circuit, while the secondary
winding is connected to measuring instruments or protective
relays. CTs are essential for safe and accurate measurement of high
currents in electrical systems.
POTENTIAL TRANSFORMER- A potential transformer (PT), also
known as a voltage transformer, is a type of instrument transformer
used to step down high voltages to safer levels for measurement and
protection in electrical systems. It essentially acts as a voltage step-
down device, allowing for the use of standard voltmeters on its
secondary winding to measure voltages that would otherwise be too
high to measure directly. PTs are crucial for accurate measurement
and protection in power systems, ensuring safety and efficiency.
CIRCUIT BREAKER-A circuit breaker is a safety device that
automatically interrupts the flow of electric current in a circuit when it
detects an overload or short circuit. It acts as a switch, protecting
electrical circuits from damage by interrupting the current flow during
fault conditions. Unlike fuses, circuit breakers can be reset after
tripping, allowing for continued use. They are essential components in
electrical systems, preventing fire hazards and equipment damage.
CONDUCTOR/CABLE-A conductor is a material that allows
electricity to flow through it easily, offering low resistance. Common
examples include copper and aluminium. A cable is a collection of
one or more insulated conductors, designed for transmitting electrical
power or signals. Cables provide a safe and reliable way to distribute
electricity, with insulation protecting the conductors and preventing
short circuits. Conductors form the core of cables, while insulation
prevents unwanted current paths.
INSULATOR-Transmission line insulators are crucial components
that prevent unwanted electrical flow from power lines to supporting
structures like towers or poles, ensuring safe and efficient power
transmission. They are typically made of materials like porcelain,
glass, or composite materials, offering high electrical resistivity and
mechanical strength to withstand environmental conditions. These
insulators are designed to maintain electrical isolation, preventing
short circuits and ensuring reliable power delivery over long
distances.
ENERGY METER, AMMETER AND VOLTMETER- In a
substation, ammeters, voltmeters, and energy meters are crucial for
monitoring and managing electrical power. Ammeters measure the
flow of electric current in a circuit, ensuring it stays within safe
limits. Voltmeters measure the voltage, indicating the electrical
potential difference. Energy meters, like kilowatt-hour (kWh) meters,
record the total amount of electrical energy consumed over
time. These instruments collectively help maintain a stable and
efficient power supply by monitoring key parameters and detecting
potential issues.
RELAY-A substation relay is a crucial component in an electrical
power system, acting as a safety device to protect equipment and
maintain system stability. It monitors electrical parameters like
voltage and current, and upon detecting abnormal conditions like
faults (overcurrent, overvoltage), it sends a trip signal to the circuit
breaker. This action isolates the faulty section of the power system,
preventing damage to equipment and potential widespread
outages. Modern relays are sophisticated devices that can handle
complex logic and communication tasks, playing a vital role in
substation automation and protection.
BATTERY-In substations, DC batteries serve as a crucial backup
power source for critical control and protection systems. They ensure
the continuous operation of essential equipment like circuit breakers
and relays during AC power outages. These batteries, typically
arranged in banks of cells, are charged by rectifiers and provide a
reliable DC supply for various control circuits. The DC system's
reliability is paramount, and redundancy, such as dual battery-charger
systems, is often implemented for critical applications.
 GRID SYSTEMS
A grid substation is a crucial component of the electrical power
system, acting as an intermediary between power generation and
distribution. These substations are responsible for managing voltage
levels, ensuring a reliable and efficient flow of electricity throughout
the grid. They receive power from generating stations, step up or step
down the voltage using transformers, and then transmit it to other
substations or directly to consumers.
Key Functions and Components:

 Voltage Transformation:
Substations utilize transformers to adjust voltage levels. Step-up
transformers increase voltage for long-distance transmission,
minimizing energy loss, while step-down transformers reduce voltage
for local distribution.

 Switchgear:
This includes circuit breakers, disconnectors, and other switching
devices that control the flow of electricity and protect the system from
faults.

 Control Systems:
Substations employ control systems to monitor and manage the flow
of power, ensuring stable and reliable operation.

 Protection Systems:
These systems detect and isolate faults within the substation or the
grid, preventing widespread outages.
  Grid Connection:
Substations connect different parts of the power grid, enabling the
transfer of power between regions or countries.

 Types of Substations:
Grid substations can be categorized as primary (higher voltage) and
secondary (lower voltage) or as step-up or step-down substations
depending on their function.

Importance of Grid Substations:

 Reliable Power Delivery:

Substations ensure a continuous and reliable supply of electricity to
homes, businesses, and industries.

 Efficient Power Transmission:

By adjusting voltage levels, substations minimize energy losses
during transmission, making the system more efficient.

 System Stability:
Substations play a critical role in maintaining the stability of the
power grid, preventing blackouts and disruptions.

 Integration of Renewable Energy:

Substations are essential for integrating renewable energy sources,
such as solar and wind power, into the grid.
 CONCLUSION
Our training at WBSEDCL provided invaluable hands-on experience
with sub-station operations. We gained deep practical knowledge,
enhancing our technical understanding and confidence. This exposure
has prepared us well to face future professional challenges, equipping
us with the skills and insights needed to excel in our field.