WAVELENGTH

DIVISION
MULTIPLEXING
(WDM)
MULTIPLEXING

Multiplexing is a communication
technique that allows multiple
independent signals to be transmitted
simultaneously over a single
communication channel or medium.
MULTIPLEXING
It efficiently shares the available bandwidth by combining several data
streams into one composite signal at the transmitter, and then
separating them back into their original forms at the receiver.

This increases transmission

efficiency, reduces infrastructure
costs, and maximizes the use of
the channel’s capacity.
HISTORY
The concept was first published in 1970, and by
1978 WDM systems were being realized in the
laboratory. The first
WDM systems only combined two signals.
Modern systems can handle up to 160 signals and
can thus expand a basic 10 Gbit/s fiber system to
a theoretical total capacity of over 1.6 Tbit/s over
a single fiber pair.
TYPES OF MULTIPLEXING
TYPES OF MULTIPLEXING

Analog multiplexing deals with

analog signals, combining them
based on their frequency or
wavelength.
The two main techniques under this are Frequency
Division Multiplexing (FDM) and Wavelength Division
Multiplexing (WDM).
TYPES OF MULTIPLEXING
FREQUENCY DIVISION WAVELENGTH DIVISION
MULTIPLEXING (FDM) MULTIPLEXING (WDM)
FDM divides the total bandwidth of a WDM is similar to FDM but used in
channel into multiple frequency optical fiber communication. It combines
bands, each carrying a separate multiple data streams, each with a
signal. These signals are transmitted different wavelength of light, into a
simultaneously without interference single optical fiber. When the
since each uses a distinct frequency wavelength increases, the frequency
range. decreases.
Example: Traditional television Example: Optical fiber systems use
WDM to merge various wavelengths of
transmitters use FDM to send multiple
light for high-capacity data transmission.
channels through a single cable.
TYPES OF MULTIPLEXING

Digital Multiplexing
Digital multiplexing involves discrete
digital signals, typically organized as
frames or packets.

The main digital technique is Time Division

Multiplexing (TDM).
TYPES OF MULTIPLEXING

Time Division Multiplexing (TDM)

TDM divides the available transmission
time into fixed time slots, assigning each
signal its own slot in a repeating
sequence. This allows multiple digital
signals to share a single communication
channel efficiently.
Wavelength Division
Division
Multiplexing (WDM)
(WDM)
 WAVELENGTH DIVISION
MULTIPLEXING (WDM)
WAVELENGTH DIVISION MULTIPLEXING (WDM) IS A TECHNIQUE USED IN
FIBER-OPTIC COMMUNICATION. IT ALLOWS MULTIPLE OPTICAL SIGNALS OF
DIFFERENT WAVELENGTHS TO SHARE A SINGLE FIBER.

THIS METHOD ENABLES SIMULTANEOUS DATA TRANSMISSION ACROSS

MULTIPLE CHANNELS WITHOUT INTERFERENCE.

WDM ENHANCES THE CAPACITY AND EFFICIENCY OF FIBER-OPTIC LINKS.

A MULTIPLEXER (MUX) AT THE TRANSMITTING END COMBINES MULTIPLE

WAVELENGTHS; A DEMULTIPLEXER (DEMUX) AT THE RECEIVING END
SEPARATES THEM.

WDM ELIMINATES THE NEED FOR MULTIPLE FIBERS BY USING MUX AND
DEMUX SYSTEMS.
 WHY IS WDM USED?
ENHANCED CAPACITY: WDM SIGNIFICANTLY BOOSTS THE OVERALL BANDWIDTH AND CAPACITY BY COMBINING
SEVERAL DATA STREAMS ONTO A SINGLE FIBER.

COST-EFFECTIVENESS: USING WDM TO ADD EXTRA CHANNELS IS LESS EXPENSIVE THAN INSTALLING NEW FIBER
OPTIC LINES FOR EVERY SERVICE..

SCALABILITY: NEW WAVELENGTHS OR CHANNELS CAN BE ADDED TO NETWORKS AS NEEDED WITHOUT

INTERFERING WITH ALREADY-EXISTING TRAFFIC..

FLEXIBILITY AND TRANSPARENCY: BECAUSE EACH WAVELENGTH FUNCTIONS INDEPENDENTLY, WDM MAY
TRANSMIT VARIOUS DATA TYPES (VOICE, VIDEO, ETC.) AND PROTOCOLS OVER THE SAME FIBER WITHOUT
INTERFERING.

OPTIMIZATION OF PRESENT INFRASTRUCTURE: BY UTILIZING THEIR EXISTING FIBER CABLES, SERVICE

COMPANIES CAN EXTEND OR ENHANCE NETWORKS.
 3 Methods
Methods Exist
Exist For
For
Expanding Capacity
Capacity
INSTALLING MORE CABLES: INCREASING SYSTEM BITRATE: WAVELENGTH DIVISION MULTIPLEXING
(WDM):
LAYING NEW FIBER OPTIC CABLES THIS APPROACH FOCUSES ON ENHANCING THE METHOD DESCRIBED IS A COST-EFFECTIVE
INCREASES CAPACITY BUT CAN BE EXISTING EQUIPMENT TO OPERATE AT WAY TO ENHANCE FIBER CAPACITY BY USING
INCREASED SPEEDS, SUCH AS WAVELENGTH DIVISION MULTIPLEXING (WDM)
COSTLY DUE TO INSTALLATION SYSTEMS, WHICH TRANSMIT MULTIPLE DATA
UPGRADING FROM 100G TO EITHER 200G
LABOR AND CIVIL WORKS, STREAMS ON DIFFERENT LIGHT
OR 400G. THIS UPGRADE FACILITATES
PARTICULARLY IN AREAS WITH THE TRANSMISSION OF MORE SIGNALS
WAVELENGTHS. THIS TECHNOLOGY ENABLES
NETWORK OPERATORS TO SIGNIFICANTLY
LIMITED CONDUIT SPACE, THROUGH CURRENT INFRASTRUCTURE BY INCREASE THE CAPACITY OF A SINGLE FIBER
DESPITE THE DECREASING PRICE UTILIZING METHODS LIKE TIME DIVISION STRAND WITHOUT NEEDING A COMPLETE
OF FIBER ITSELF. MULTIPLEXING (TDM) AND ADVANCED SYSTEM OVERHAUL, PROVIDING BOTH
MODULATION FORMATS, SUCH AS QAM. SCALABILITY AND FLEXIBILITY.
 BENEFITS
BENEFITS OF
OF WDM
WDM
WDM TECHNOLOGY ALLOWS MULTIPLE CONNECTIONS OVER ONE
FIBER THUS REDUCING FIBER PLANT REQUIREMENT.
-THIS IS MAINLY BENEFICIAL FOR LONG-HAUL APPLICATIONS.
-CAMPUS APPLICATIONS REQUIRE A COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS.

WDM TECHNOLOGY CAN ALSO PROVIDE FIBER REDUNDANCY.

WDM PROVIDES A MANAGED FIBER SERVICE.

2 MAIN TYPES OF WDM
DENSE WAVELENGTH DIVISION
MULTIPLEXING
(DWDM)
No official or standard definition
Implies more channels more closely spaced
that WDM
DWDM-based networks create a lower cost way to
quickly respond to customers' bandwidth demands
and protocol changes.
A key advantage to DWDM is that it's protocol- and
bit-rate independent
COARSE WAVELENGTH DIVISION
MULTIPLEXING (CWDM)

No official or standard definition

number of channals is fewer than in
dense wavelength division multiplexing
(DWDM) but more than in standard
wavelength division multiplexing (WDM).
Laser emmission
CWDM&DWDM

CWDM system have channel at

wavelengths spaced 20 nanometers (nm).
DWDM 0.4 nm spacing
Energy
tolerance
TYPES
OF
WDM
QUICK BACKGROUD
WHAT IS WDM ?
Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) is a
technique in fiber-optic communication
systems that enables multiple optical signals
with different wavelengths to be combined,
transmitted, and separated over a single
optical fiber.
QUICK BACKGROUD
WHAT IS WDM ?
At the transmitting end of the link the unit's
multiplexer, abbreviated to “MUX”, combines
multiple optical signals with different wavelengths
into a common fiber. At the receiving end, the
unit's demultiplexer, abbreviated to DEMUX,
separates these signals back into their individual
wavelengths for further processing.
TWO “MAIN” TYPES OF WDM
COARSE WAVELENGTH
DIVISION MULTIPLEXING
(CWDM)
CWDM refers to WDM systems with fewer than
eight active wavelengths per fiber. The CWDM
spectrum covers the spectral range from 1270 nm to
1610 nm with a new channel every 20 nm. CWDM is
used for short-range communications.
TWO “MAIN” TYPES OF WDM
DENSE WDM (DWDM)
Offers more channels than CWDM The DWDM spectrum
covers the spectral range from 1530 nm to 1560 nm and
can accommodate over 40 channels. They have a tighter
wavelength spacing and can fit more channels onto a
single fiber, but costs more to implement and operate.
DWDM is more effective over longer distances , up to 100
km with amplification and dispersion compensation.
QUICK BACKGROUD
WHAT IS WDM ?
Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) is a
technique in fiber-optic communication
systems that enables multiple optical signals
with different wavelengths to be combined,
transmitted, and separated over a single
optical fiber.
MINOR TYPES
RGB COMBINERS (3-WAVELENGTH
COMBINERS)
RGB combiners, also known as 3-wavelength
combiners, allow three colors with red blue and green
components to be combined into a single output fiber.
They are ideal for use with fiber-coupled light sources.
Also be used to split three wavelengths entering the
common port into three separate output ports.
MINOR TYPES
2-COLOR COMBINERS (TWO WAVELENGTH
COMBINERS)
2-Color Fiber Combiners, combine only two wavelengths (typically
red and green or green and blue), allowing for the production of a
limited color spectrum. They consist of two separate input fibers that
each accept a different wavelength of light and a single, common
output fiber accepting both input wavelengths. The 2-color
combiners are reversible,and can also be used to split two colors
entering the common port into two separate output ports.
QUICK BACKGROUD
POLARIZATION MAINTAINING
WDMS:
Polarization Maintaining (PM) Wavelength Division
Multiplexers (WDMs) combine two wavelengths of light in
PM fiber while maintaining the polarization of the
incident light. PM WDMs specifically cater to applications
where maintaining the polarization of light signals is
crucial for preserving signal integrity and minimizing
signal degradation.
QUICK BACKGROUD
WHAT IS WDM ?
Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) is a
technique in fiber-optic communication
systems that enables multiple optical signals
with different wavelengths to be combined,
transmitted, and separated over a single
optical fiber.
QUICK BACKGROUD
WHAT IS WDM ?
Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) is a
technique in fiber-optic communication
systems that enables multiple optical signals
with different wavelengths to be combined,
transmitted, and separated over a single
optical fiber.
TYPE WDM CHANNELS
Single channels
2-channels
4-channels
8-channels
 WDM CHANNELS
Wavelength Division
Multiplexing (WDM) is a
technology used in fiber-optic
communication that allows
multiple data signals to travel
simultaneously through a single
optical fiber. Each signal is
transmitted using a different
wavelength of light
SINGLE CHANNELS

Only one wavelength of

light is used to transmit
data.
2-CHANNELS

Uses two wavelengths of

light to transmit data
simultaneously.

Each carries a separate

data stream.
4-CHANNELS

Four wavelengths (λ1, λ2,

λ3, λ4) carry four
separate data streams
simultaneously.
8-CHANNELS

Eight wavelengths (λ1 to λ8) in

one fiber, each carrying different
data.
Thank you