Unit 1

Introduction, Installation & Configuration

• What is Content Management System (CMS)?
• - Introduction of Wordpress
• - Features of Wordpress
• Advantages & Disadvantages of Wordpress
• - Installation of Wordpress.
• - Wordpress Directory & file structure.
• - Dashboard overview
• - How to add, edit and delete page, category, post, tag.
• - Add new media file (image, pdf, doc etc.) & attach to post or page.
• Gutenberg Introduction
• - Gutenberg Blocks (Paragraph, Heading, Subheading, Quote, Image, Cover Image, Gallery,
Video, Audio, Columns, Code,List, Button, Embeds)
• User Roles and Capabilities. - Setting (General, writing, Reading, Discussion, Media,
Permalinks)
• Updating Wordpress
• - One-click Update
• - Manual Update
• Database Structure
What is Content Management System (CMS)?
• A Content Management System (CMS) is a software application or
platform that allows users to create, manage, and modify digital
content without requiring specialized technical knowledge.
• CMSs are designed to simplify the process of website and content
management by providing intuitive interfaces and tools for content
creation, editing, organization, and publishing.
What is WordPress?
• WordPress is a free, open-source content management system
(CMS) that allows you to create and manage websites easily.
• Originally designed for blogging, WordPress has evolved into a
versatile tool that powers millions of websites worldwide.
Why Choose WordPress?
• Free and Open-Source: You don't have to pay a dime to use WordPress! It's
completely free to download and use, making it an accessible option for
everyone.
• Beginner-Friendly: Unlike coding-heavy website creation methods, WordPress
boasts a user-friendly interface. An intuitive dashboard lets you manage your
website's content with ease, even for those with no prior experience.
• Highly Customizable: WordPress offers a vast selection of themes, which act like
website templates. These themes allow you to choose the perfect design for your
website, whether it's a sleek portfolio, a vibrant blog, or a full-fledged online
store.
• Extendable with Plugins: Plugins are like mini-applications that add extra
functionality to your website. Need a contact form, a social media feed, or an
online booking system? There's likely a plugin for that! With thousands of plugins
available, you can tailor your website to fit your specific needs.
• SEO-Friendly: WordPress is built with search engines in mind, making it easier for
your website to be discovered online. This is a huge plus for businesses and
bloggers who want to attract more visitors.
Key Features of WordPress
• Themes: Easily change the design of your website with thousands of free
and premium themes.
• Plugins: Extend the functionality of your site with plugins for SEO, e-
commerce, security, and more.
• Gutenberg Editor: Introduced in WordPress 5.0, Gutenberg offers a block-
based editing experience that simplifies content creation.
How does WordPress work?
• WordPress, like other web content management systems, relies on a
dynamic database to store content and website structure information.
• E-commerce Websites
• Educational/Library Websites
• Personal Websites
Features of Wordpress
• User Management
• It allows managing the user information such as changing the role of the
users to (subscriber, contributor, author, editor or administrator), create or
delete the user, change the password and user information.
• The main role of the user manager is Authentication
• Media Management
• It is the tool for managing the media files and folder, in which you can easily
upload, organize and manage the media files on your website.
• Theme System
• It allows modifying the site view and functionality. It includes images,
stylesheet, template files and custom pages.
• Extend with Plugins
• Several plugins are available which provides custom functions and
features according to the users need.
• Search Engine Optimization
• It provides several search engine optimization (SEO) tools which makes
on-site SEO simple
• Multilingual
• It allows translating the entire content into the language preferred by the
user
• Importers
• It allows importing data in the form of posts. It imports custom files,
comments, post pages and tags.
Advantages
• It is an open source platform and available for free.
• CSS files can be modified according to the design as per users need.
• There are many plugins and templates available for free.
• Users can customize the various plugins as per their need.
• It is very easy to edit the content as it uses WYSIWYG editor.
• Media files can be uploaded easily and quickly.
• It offers several SEO tools which makes on-site SEO simple.
• Customization is easy according to the user's needs.
• It allows creating different roles for users for website such as admin,
author, editor and contributor.
Disadvantages
• Using several plugins can make the website heavy to load and run.
• PHP knowledge is required to make modifications or changes in the
WordPress website.
• Sometimes software needs to be updated to keep the WordPress up-to-
date with the current browsers and mobile devices.
• Updating WordPress version leads to loss of data, so a backup copy of the
website is required.
• Modifying and formatting the graphic images and tables is difficult.
Wordpress Directory & file structure
• wp-admin <dir> • [Link]
• wp-includes <dir> • [Link]
• [Link] • [Link]
• [Link] • [Link]
• [Link] • [Link]
• [Link] • [Link]
• [Link] • [Link]
• [Link]
• [Link]
• [Link]
WordPress Configuration Files
• .htaccess
• A server configuration file, WordPress uses it to manage permalinks and
redirects.
• [Link]
• This file tells WordPress how to connect to your database. It also sets some
global settings for your WordPress site.
• [Link]
• The index file basically loads and initializes all your WordPress files when a
page is requested by a user.
Pages in WordPress
• Add Page
•Go to Dashboard > Pages > Add New.
•Enter the title and content using the WordPress block editor (Gutenberg).
•Set a featured image, parent page, and template if needed.
•Click Publish to make it live.
• Edit Page
• Navigate to Pages > All Pages.
• Hover over the desired page and click Edit.
• Make the necessary changes and click Update.
• Delete Page
• Go to Pages > All Pages.
• Hover over the page and click Trash.
• To permanently delete, go to Trash and click Delete Permanently.
Categories in WordPress
• Add Category
• Go to Posts > Categories.
• Enter the Category Name, Slug, Parent Category (optional), and
Description.
• Click Add New Category.
• Edit Category
• Under Posts > Categories, hover over the category and click Edit or Quick
Edit.
• Modify the fields and click Update.
• Delete Category
• In the same list, click Delete on a category.
• Posts assigned to that category will default to the Uncategorized category
(unless reassigned).
Posts in WordPress
• Add Post
• Go to Posts > Add New.
• Enter a title and content.
• Assign a category, tag, and featured image.
• Click Publish to make it live
• Edit Post
• Go to Posts > All Posts.
• Hover over a post and click Edit.
• Make the desired changes and click Update.
• Delete Post
• Go to Posts > All Posts.
• Hover over the post and click Trash.
• To permanently delete, go to the Trash and click Delete Permanently
Tags in WordPress
• Add Tag
• Navigate to Posts > Tags.
• Enter a name, slug, and description.
• Click Add New Tag.
• Edit Tag
• Under Posts > Tags, hover over a tag and click Edit or Quick Edit.
• Make your changes and save.
• Delete Tag
• Hover over the tag name and click Delete.
• Posts associated with the deleted tag will not be affected.
Add new media file (image, pdf, doc etc.)
& attach to post or page.
• Method 1: From the Media Library
•Go to Dashboard > Media > Add New.
•Click Select Files and choose the image, PDF, or doc file from your
computer.
•The file is uploaded and stored in the Media Library.

• Method 2: Directly from Post or Page Editor

• While editing a post or page, click the “+” Add Block button.
• Choose the Image, File, or Gallery block.
• Click Upload or Media Library to add existing media or upload a new file.
Gutenberg Introduction
• WordPress Gutenberg uses a block-based design system, making it much
more user-friendly for all skill levels. Understanding its functions and
design capabilities can help you create your ideal website without having
to code.
• Gutenberg is the WordPress default editor that replaced the classic
editor. It lets you create and design content easily using blocks for various
site elements, such as text, images, and videos. Its drag-and-drop
interface makes it easy to use, giving you more flexibility to design your
website just as you want.
Key aspects of Gutenberg:
• Block-based editor:
• Content is broken down into reusable blocks, each with its own customizable
settings.
• Intuitive interface:
• Provides a drag-and-drop interface for building pages and posts without needing
extensive coding knowledge.
• Flexibility and customization:
• Offers a wide range of block types and customization options for styles, colors, and
more.
• Replaces the classic editor:
• Gutenberg became the default editor in WordPress 5.0, though the classic editor
can still be used via a plugin.
• Evolving platform:
• The Gutenberg project continues to evolve with new features and improvements
being added regularly.
Gutenberg vs Classic Editor
Updating wordpress
• One-click Update
• Manual Update
• One-click Update
Manual Update
• Take backup of website
• Desable all plugin
• Download and Extract wodpress ZIP file from [Link]
• Go to your website root directory and delete your ‘wp-includes’ and ‘wp-admin’
directories.
• Select and Replace wordpress core files with new
• Examine the [Link] which is distributed with WordPress to see if
any new settings have been added that you may want to use or modify.
• If you are upgrading manually after a failed auto-update, remove the
.maintenance file from your WordPress root directory. This will remove the
‘failed update’ message from your site.
• Re-enable your plugins which you disabled earlier.
• Your upgrade is now complete
WordPress Database Structure
• Default installation of WordPress comes with eleven tables.
1. wp_commentmeta
2. wp_comments
3. wp_links
4. wp_options
5. wp_postmeta
6. wp_posts
7. wp_terms
8. wp_term_relationships
9. wp_term_taxonomy
10. wp_usermeta
11. wp_users
• wp_commentmeta
• Each comment features information called the meta data and it is stored in
the wp_commentmeta.
• wp_comments
• The comments within WordPress are stored in the wp_comments table.
• wp_links
• The wp_links holds information related to the links entered into the Links
feature of WordPress.
• wp_options
• The Options set under the Administration > Settings panel are stored in the
wp_options table.
• wp_postmeta
• Each post features information called the meta data and it is stored in the
wp_postmeta. Some plugins may add their own information to this table.
• wp_posts
• The core of the WordPress data is the posts. It is stored in the wp_posts table. Also Pages and
navigation menu items are stored in this table.
• wp_terms
• The categories for both posts and links and the tags for posts are found within the wp_terms
table.
• wp_term_relationships
• Posts are associated with categories and tags from the wp_terms table and this association is
maintained in the wp_term_relationships table. The association of links to their respective
categories are also kept in this table.
• wp_term_taxonomy
• This table describes the taxonomy (category, link, or tag) for the entries in the wp_terms
table.
• wp_usermeta
• Each user features information called the meta data and it is stored in wp_usermeta.
• wp_users
• The list of users is maintained in table wp_users.