INVERSION

Để nhấn mạnh ý nào trong câu mà mình muốn diễn đạt, ta dùng phép đảo ngữ. Thông thường, phép đảo
ngữ được thực hiện bằng cách đưc một trạng từ hoặc một cụm trạng ngữ ra đầu câu, đồng thời đảo trợ dộng từ
hay động từ khiếm khuyết lên trước chủ ngữ hoặc tự dộng thêm trợ động từ “DO/ DOES” cho câu ở thì hiện tại
hay “DID” cho câu ở thì quá khứ.
V+S+V+O
Cấu trúc của câu nhấn mạnh bắt đầu bằng: Only, Only by, Never, Until, Not until, Not only, No sooner, In no
circumstances(chẳng trong trường hợp nào), in no where else(chẳng có ở một nơi nào khác), No longer, Only
when (chỉ khi)...
E.g: We can never live without air and water.
=> Never can we live without air and water. (Không bao giờ chúng ta có thể sống được nếu không có không khí
và nước).
Eg: She never eats out
==> Never does she eat out.
Đảo từ với câu điều kiện:
1. Đảo từ với câu điều kiện loại 1
a) Câu điều kiện loại 1 có sử dụng “ should” thay hiện tại không xác định chỉ khả năng xáy ra ít hơn ở tương lai.
Đảo “should” lên đầu câu thay “If”
Eg: If it should rain tonight, I will stay at home
==> Should it rain..........
b) Điều kiện loại 1 có sử dụng thời hiện tại hoàn thành
Lấy “should” thay “If” sao đó để nguyên thể hoàn thành với “have done” ở tất cả các ngôi
Eg: If she has finished the work, she can go home
==> Should she have finished ..........
2. Điều kiện loại 2
a) Mệnh đề điều kiện loại 2 có dùng động từ “tobe” ở số nhiều “were” dùng “were” thay”if”
Eg: Iif I were you, i would love him
==> Were I you.................
b) Trong mẫu câu điều kiện loại 2 đặc biệt có dùng “If” đầu câu ( nếu không phải vì................. “were”
khỏi “not’’sau đó đảo lên đầu câu thay “if”)
Eg: If it weren’t for your progress, i wouldn’t be here
==> Were it not your ....
c) Mẫu câu điều kiện loại 3 đặc biệt
If + S+ were+ to do
Thay động từ ở quá khứ của mệnh đề điêu kiện loại 2
Eg: If i were to speak.......
==> Với mẫu câu này đảo “were” lên đầu câu thay “If”
3. Điều kiện loại 3
a) Dùng “Had” đảo lên đầu câu thay “If”
Eg: If she had worked harder last year, she wouldn’t have failed the exam
==> Had she worked harder last year............
b) Câu điều kiện loại 3 đặc biệt đi với đại từ “it” đầu câu
If it hadn’t been for + N ==> Nếu không phải vì.......
==> Tách “had” ra khỏi “not” đảo lên đầu câu thay “If”
Eg: If it hadn’t been for hot weather,we would have had a wonderful holiday
==> Had it not been for............................
c) Mệnh để điều kiện loại 3 đặc biệt có sử dụng” were to have done” thay quá khứ hoàn thành
Eg; If she had driven carefully, she wouldn’t have cause the accident
==> If she were to have driven......
Đảo “were” lên đầu câu thay “If”
==> Were she to have driven
Đảo ngữ với….. So….that…./ ……such……… that…….

1
1. So + adj : Trong mẫu câu trạng từ chỉ kết quả
eg; She is so rich that she can buy what she likes
Đảo “so + adj” lên đầu câu
==> So rich is she that...................
2. So + adv that............. : Mệnh đề trạng ngữ kết quả sau trạng từ
Đảo “ so to+ adv” lên đầu câu
eg: He worked so hard in the past that he is now weak
==> So hard did he work in the past that.......
3. Câu có sử dụng “such” thường gặp các dạng:
a) Trong câu có dùng “ so great, so much” biến đổi “ so great, so much”
==> “ such” đảo lên đầu câu để nhấn mạnh
eg; The question was so great that he had to think it over
==> Such was the question...............
b)Trong câu có dùng “such”
S + tobe+ such+ that+ mệnh đề
Đảo “such” lên đầu câu để nhấn mạnh
eg: She is so poor that she can’t go school
Her poverty is such that........
==>Such is her poverty that........
Các cấu trúc đảo ngữ khác:
1. Never
Ex: I never come to work late
→ Never do I come to work late
2. At no time=never
Ex: They never suspected him of being a spy
→ At no time did they suspect him of being a spy
3. Seldom, rarely, scarcely
Ex: Rarely has Big Ben gone wrong
I remember very few thing about my early childhood
→ scarcely do I remember things about my early childhood
4. Only by + Ving, Aux + SV
Ex: You can’t succeed unless you try hard
→ Only by trying hard can you succeed
5. Only with + Noun, Aux + SV
Ex: The bank lent him some money, which enabled him to buy a car
→ Only with the bank’s money could he buy a car
6. Only after + Noun, Aux + SV
Ex: He only realized what his father meant to him after his death
→ Only after his father’s death did he realize what he meant
7. Only when/after SV, Aux + SV
Ex: I only recognized who he was when he called hi name
→ Only when he called his name, did I recognize who he was
8. On no account Aux + SV: không vì bất cứ lí do gì
Ex: You should never come to work late
→ On no account should you come to work late
9. Not until: mãi đến tận
a. Not until + Noun, Aux + SV
Ex: Man didn’t fly into pace until the early 1960s
→ Not until the early 1960s did man fly into space
b. Not until + SV, Aux + SV
Ex: They continued to feel unsafe until they got home
→ Not until they got home did they feel safe

2
10. Little Aux + SV
Ex: I don’t know much about astronomy
→ Little do I know about astronomy.
11. Hardly Aux + SV: hầu như không
Ex: They hardly had arguments
→ Hardly did they have arguments
+ Hardly anyone wears a hat nowadays
Hardly anything is worth buying
12. In/Under no circumstances Aux + SV: dù trong bất cứ hoàn cảnh nào (không dùng phủ định trong
mệnh đề sau)
Ex: Under no circumstances must you betray your country
13. Hardly had S done when S did: vừa mới…………..thì đã
No sooner had S done than S did: chưa kịp………….thì đã
Ex: - He had just gone out when his friend called
→ Hardly had he gone out when when his friend called
- The doorbell rang the moment she lay down
→ No sooner had she lain down than the door bell rang
14. No longer Aux + SV
Ex: They no longer keep in touch with each other
→ No longer do they keep in touch with each other
15. So/Such + adj/adv Aux + SV
Ex: - He became so suspicious that he didn’t let anyone in
→ So suspicious did he become that he didn’t let anyone in
- He was such a fast speaker that it was difficult for us to follow him
→ Such was he a fast speaker that it was difficult for us to follow him/ So fast did he speak that that it was
difficult for us to follow him
16. Not only Aux + SV, but S also V
Ex: They robbed him. They beat him
Not only did they rob him, but they also beat him
17. Nor Aux + SV: cũng thế
Ex: She couldn’t speak Italian nor could she speak Spanish
18. Neither and so
- A:"I am not into hip hop." B: "Neither am I." (Or: "Nor am I.")
- A: "I am fond of flamenco dancing." B: "So am I."
19. Conditionals with inversions
- Should SV, SV; - Were SC, SV
- Had S done, S would have done
Ex: -Should you meet him in Ha noi, give him my regards. - Were I you, I would try again.
- Were they to escape, they would be arrested again. - Had he kept calm, he would have succeeded.
20. Here/ There ở đầu câu:
Ex: There is a letter for you on the desk.
Here is your pen.
21. Here/ There trong câu cảm
Ex: There goes the bus!
Here comes George!
22. Inversions after adjectives
Ex: Blessed are the children who are still unaware of what the future holds.
Gone are the days when I could have been happy
23. Under/in/out/above V+S
Ex: The dog lay under the chair → Under the chair lay the dog
24. Inversions with "as".
Ex: Elisabeth was too shy to dance, as was Gerald.
She decided to leave early, as did Gerald

3
 EXERCISES:
I. Rewrite each sentences so that it contains the word or words in capitals, and so that the meaning stay the same.
a. Were Smith to resign, I might stand a chance of getting his job. IF
……………………………………………………………………………
b. Such was the demand for the tickets that people queued day and night. GREAT
………………………………………………………………………………
c. The money is not to be paid under no circumstances. NO
………………………………………………………………………………
d. Three days passed before we arrived at the first oasis. NOT UNTIL
………………………………………………………………………………
e. Hardly had the ship left port, than a violent storm developed. SOON AFTER
………………………………………………………………………………..
f. They would have discovered land sooner had they carried a compass IF
………………………………………………………………………………..
g. Little did Brenda know what she was letting herself in for. IDEA
………………………………………………………………………………
h. It was only when I stopped that I realized something was wrong DID I
………………………………………………………………………………
i. The accused never expressed regret for what he had done. AT NO TIME
………………………………………………………………………………
j. So exhausted were the runners that none of them finished the race. TOO.
………………………………………………………………………………
II. Rewrite each sentences so that it contains the word or words in capitals, and so that the meaning stay the same
1. If Smith were to resign , I might stand a chance of getting his job.
2. The demand for tickets was so great that people queued night and day.
3. Under no circumstances is the money to be paid.
4. Not until three days had passed did we arrived at the first oasis/ It was not until three days later that we
arrived at the first oasis.
5. Soon after the ship left port , a violent storm developed.
6. If they had carried a compass they would have discovered the land sooner.
7. Brenda had no idea what she was letting herself in for.
8. Only when I stopped did I realize that something was wrong.
9. At no time did the accused express regret for what he has done.
10. The runners were too exhausted to finish the race.