How do Organisms Reproduce?

July 2025

Multiple choice questions (1mark)

Instructions: Choose the correct option (a, b, c, or d) for each question. Each question
carries 1 mark.

1. Asexual reproduction takes place through budding in:

(a) Amoeba
(b) Yeast
(c) Plasmodium
(d) Leishmania

2. Which is not a part of the female reproductive system in humans?

(a) Ovary
(b) Uterus
(c) Vas deferens
(d) Fallopian tube

3. The anther contains:

(a) Sepals
(b) Ovules
(c) Pistil
(d) Pollen grains

4. The process of DNA copying during reproduction is called:

(a) Replication
(b) Transcription
(c) Translation
(d) Mutation

5. Binary fission occurs in:

(a) Hydra

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 (b) Amoeba
(c) Yeast
(d) Spirogyra

6. The male gamete in humans is called:

(a) Egg
(b) Sperm
(c) Ovule
(d) Zygote

7. Vegetative propagation is used in plants like:

(a) Wheat
(b) Sugarcane
(c) Maize
(d) Rice

8. The process of spore formation is seen in:

(a) Rhizopus
(b) Hydra
(c) Planaria
(d) Leishmania

9. The female reproductive part of a flower is:

(a) Stamen
(b) Pistil
(c) Sepal
(d) Petal

10. Menstruation in humans occurs if:

(a) Egg is fertilised

(b) Egg is not fertilised
(c) Ovary fails to produce eggs
(d) Uterus lining thickens

11. The embryo in humans gets nutrition from:

(a) Ovary
(b) Placenta
(c) Uterus
(d) Fallopian tube

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12. Which is a sexually transmitted disease?

(a) Malaria
(b) HIV-AIDS
(c) Typhoid
(d) Cholera

13. The process of pollination in plants is:

(a) Fusion of gametes

(b) Transfer of pollen to stigma
(c) Formation of zygote
(d) Growth of pollen tube

14. Regeneration is observed in:

(a) Amoeba
(b) Hydra
(c) Yeast
(d) Rhizopus

15. The hormone responsible for male puberty changes is:

(a) Oestrogen
(b) Testosterone
(c) Insulin
(d) Thyroxin

16. Multiple fission occurs in:

(a) Amoeba
(b) Yeast
(c) Plasmodium
(d) Hydra

17. The part of the flower that becomes fruit is:

(a) Ovary
(b) Stigma
(c) Style
(d) Anther

18. Contraceptive methods include:

(a) Condoms
(b) Antibiotics

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 (c) Vaccines
(d) Enzymes

19. The process of germination involves:

(a) Formation of zygote

(b) Growth of seed into seedling
(c) Fusion of gametes
(d) Pollen transfer

20. The testes in humans are located in the:

(a) Scrotum
(b) Abdomen
(c) Chest
(d) Pelvis

21. Tissue culture is used to grow:

(a) Bacteria
(b) Plants
(c) Fungi
(d) Protozoa

22. The ovule in a flower develops into:

(a) Fruit
(b) Seed
(c) Pollen
(d) Stigma

23. The surgical method to block sperm transfer is:

(a) Vasectomy
(b) Tubectomy
(c) Hysterectomy
(d) Appendectomy

24. Cross-pollination involves pollen transfer:

(a) Within the same flower

(b) Between different flowers
(c) Without agents
(d) Inside the ovary

25. The female gamete in plants is called:

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 (a) Pollen
(b) Ovule
(c) Egg
(d) Sperm

26. Fragmentation is a mode of reproduction in:

(a) Spirogyra
(b) Yeast
(c) Amoeba
(d) Hydra

27. The placenta in humans provides:

(a) Oxygen only

(b) Nutrients and waste removal
(c) Hormones only
(d) Blood only

28. Self-pollination occurs in:

(a) Papaya
(b) Watermelon
(c) Hibiscus
(d) Corn

29. The process of meiosis occurs in:

(a) Somatic cells

(b) Germ cells
(c) Muscle cells
(d) Nerve cells

30. Illegal sex-selective abortion affects:

(a) Male population

(b) Female-male sex ratio
(c) Birth rate
(d) Death rate

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Very short answer questions (2mark)
Instructions: Answer each question in 2025 words. Each question carries 2 marks.

1. What is the importance of DNA copying in reproduction?

2. Define asexual reproduction with an example.

3. Name the male reproductive organ in flowers.

4. What is the role of the placenta in human reproduction?

5. Define sexual reproduction with an example.

6. Why is variation beneficial for species survival?

7. Name the process of pollen transfer in plants.

8. What is the function of testes in humans?

9. Define vegetative propagation with an example.

10. Why does menstruation occur in humans?

11. Name the female gamete in humans.

12. What is the role of the ovary in plants?

13. Define binary fission with an example.

14. What is the function of the uterus in humans?

15. Name a contraceptive method.

16. What is the role of testosterone in males?

17. Define regeneration with an example.

18. What is the function of pollen grains in plants?

19. Name the process of seed formation in plants.

20. Why is meiosis important in sexual reproduction?

21. Define spore formation with an example.

22. What is the role of the fallopian tube in humans?

23. Name a sexually transmitted disease.

24. What is the function of the stigma in flowers?

25. Define budding with an example.

26. Why is the scrotum located outside the body?

27. Name the part of the flower that becomes fruit.

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 28. What is the role of condoms in reproductive health?

29. Define tissue culture with an example.

30. Why is female-male sex ratio important?

Short answer questions (3mark)

Instructions: Answer each question in 5060 words. Each question carries 3 marks.

1. Explain the importance of variation in reproduction.

2. Describe binary fission in Amoeba.

3. How does pollination occur in flowering plants?

4. Explain the role of the testes in human reproduction.

5. Describe the process of menstruation in humans.

6. How does vegetative propagation benefit agriculture?

7. Explain the structure of a flowers reproductive parts.

8. Describe the role of the placenta in pregnancy.

9. How does regeneration occur in Hydra?

10. Explain the significance of sexual reproduction.

11. Describe the process of fertilisation in plants.

12. How do contraceptive methods prevent pregnancy?

13. Explain spore formation in Rhizopus.

14. Describe the female reproductive system in humans.

15. How does budding occur in yeast?

16. Explain the role of meiosis in reproduction.

17. Describe the process of germination in plants.

18. How do sexually transmitted diseases spread?

19. Explain the advantages of tissue culture in plants.

20. Discuss the impact of female foeticide on society.

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Long answer questions (5 mark)
Instructions: Answer each question in 100120 words. Each question carries 5 marks.

1. Explain the process of sexual reproduction in flowering plants.

2. Describe the male and female reproductive systems in humans.

3. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of asexual reproduction.

4. Explain the role of DNA copying and variation in reproduction.

5. Describe the different modes of asexual reproduction in organisms.

6. Discuss the significance of reproductive health in humans.

7. Explain the process of fertilisation and embryo development in humans.

8. Describe the methods of contraception and their importance.

9. Discuss the role of pollination and its types in plant reproduction.

10. Explain the impact of population growth on society and the role of contraception.

Case study questions (4mark)

Instructions: Read each case study carefully and answer the questions that follow. Each
case study has 4 questions, each carrying 1 mark.

1. Case Study 1: Binary Fission Amoeba, a unicellular organism, reproduces by

binary fission, where its cell divides into two equal daughter cells. This asexual
process involves DNA replication, creating similar but not identical cells due to
minor copying errors. These variations enable Amoeba to adapt to changing envi-
ronments, like pond water conditions, ensuring species survival. Binary fission is
rapid, allowing Amoeba to multiply quickly under favorable conditions.

(i) What is binary fission?

(a) Division into multiple cells
(b) Division into two equal cells
(c) Budding of cells
(d) Fragmentation of cells
(ii) Which organism undergoes binary fission?
(a) Hydra
(b) Amoeba
(c) Yeast
(d) Rhizopus
(iii) What causes variations in binary fission?
(a) DNA copying errors

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 (b) Cell growth
(c) Environmental factors
(d) Nutrient availability
(iv) Why is binary fission advantageous?
(a) Slow reproduction
(b) Rapid multiplication
(c) Complex process
(d) Requires two individuals

2. Case Study 2: Vegetative Propagation Farmers grow sugarcane using veg-

etative propagation, where stem cuttings with buds are planted to produce new
plants. This asexual method ensures genetically identical plants, preserving desir-
able traits like high sugar content. It is faster than seed-based growth, enabling
quicker harvests. Plants like roses and bananas also rely on this method, which
supports agriculture by producing uniform crops efficiently.

(i) What is vegetative propagation?

(a) Sexual reproduction
(b) Growth from plant parts
(c) Spore formation
(d) Cell division
(ii) Which plant is grown by vegetative propagation?
(a) Wheat
(b) Sugarcane
(c) Rice
(d) Maize
(iii) What is an advantage of vegetative propagation?
(a) Genetic variation
(b) Faster growth
(c) Complex process
(d) Seed dependency
(iv) Why are plants genetically identical in vegetative propagation?
(a) DNA copying errors
(b) No gamete fusion
(c) Environmental changes
(d) Meiosis

3. Case Study 3: Pollination in Plants In a mustard field, bees transfer pollen

from the anther of one flower to the stigma of another, facilitating cross-pollination.
This sexual reproduction process increases genetic variation, enhancing plant re-
silience to pests and diseases. After pollination, a pollen tube grows to the ovary,
leading to fertilisation, forming seeds and fruits, which ensure the plants survival
and dispersal in diverse environments.

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 (i) What is cross-pollination?
(a) Pollen transfer within a flower
(b) Pollen transfer between flowers
(c) Pollen growth in ovary
(d) Seed formation
(ii) What is the role of bees in pollination?
(a) Produce pollen
(b) Transfer pollen
(c) Form seeds
(d) Grow pollen tubes
(iii) What follows pollination in plants?
(a) Seed dispersal
(b) Fertilisation
(c) Fruit ripening
(d) Germination
(iv) Why is cross-pollination beneficial?
(a) Reduces variation
(b) Increases genetic variation
(c) Prevents seed formation
(d) Slows reproduction

4. Case Study 4: Human Puberty During adolescence, a boy experiences voice

deepening and facial hair growth due to testosterone produced by the testes. These
changes signal sexual maturation, preparing the body for reproduction. Puberty
involves hormonal changes that develop reproductive organs, enabling sperm pro-
duction. Such transformations vary among individuals, reflecting genetic diversity,
and are essential for the continuation of the human species through sexual repro-
duction.

(i) What hormone causes male puberty changes?

(a) Oestrogen
(b) Testosterone
(c) Insulin
(d) Thyroxin
(ii) What is puberty?
(a) General body growth
(b) Sexual maturation
(c) DNA replication
(d) Cell division
(iii) Which organ produces testosterone?
(a) Ovary

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 (b) Testes
(c) Pancreas
(d) Thyroid
(iv) Why is puberty important?
(a) Prepares for reproduction
(b) Enhances muscle growth
(c) Regulates metabolism
(d) Prevents variation

5. Case Study 5: Menstruation A teenage girl experiences monthly menstruation,

where the uterine lining sheds if no fertilisation occurs. This process, regulated by
hormones, prepares the uterus for potential pregnancy. The unfertilised egg and
uterine lining exit as blood and mucous, lasting 28 days. Menstruation signifies a
healthy reproductive system, allowing the body to reset for the next cycle, ensuring
reproductive readiness in females.

(i) Why does menstruation occur?

(a) Egg is fertilised
(b) Egg is not fertilised
(c) Ovary stops functioning
(d) Uterus shrinks
(ii) What is shed during menstruation?
(a) Ovary
(b) Uterine lining
(c) Fallopian tube
(d) Placenta
(iii) How long does menstruation typically last?
(a) 12 days
(b) 28 days
(c) 1015 days
(d) 2030 days
(iv) What does menstruation indicate?
(a) Pregnancy
(b) Reproductive health
(c) Hormonal imbalance
(d) Infertility

6. Case Study 6: Contraception A couple uses condoms to prevent unwanted

pregnancy and sexually transmitted diseases like HIV-AIDS. Condoms act as a
mechanical barrier, blocking sperm from reaching the egg. Other methods, like
oral pills and surgical procedures, also prevent fertilisation. Contraception sup-
ports family planning, reduces health risks, and helps maintain population balance,
contributing to societal well-being by ensuring planned parenthood.

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 (i) What is the primary function of condoms?
(a) Hormone regulation
(b) Sperm production
(c) Prevent pregnancy
(d) Increase fertility
(ii) What disease can condoms help prevent?
(a) Malaria
(b) HIV-AIDS
(c) Typhoid
(d) Cholera
(iii) How do condoms prevent pregnancy?
(a) Block sperm
(b) Kill sperm
(c) Prevent ovulation
(d) Alter DNA
(iv) Why is contraception important?
(a) Increases population
(b) Supports family planning
(c) Reduces variation
(d) Enhances fertility

7. Case Study 7: Spore Formation In a moist environment, Rhizopus on bread

develops sporangia, releasing spores with thick walls. These spores disperse and
germinate into new Rhizopus under suitable conditions. This asexual reproduc-
tion method allows rapid multiplication without requiring another organism. The
protective spore walls ensure survival in harsh conditions, enabling Rhizopus to
colonize new areas, contributing to its widespread presence in ecosystems.

(i) What is spore formation?

(a) Cell division
(b) Spore release for reproduction
(c) Budding
(d) Fragmentation
(ii) Which organism uses spore formation?
(a) Amoeba
(b) Hydra
(c) Rhizopus
(d) Yeast
(iii) What protects spores in Rhizopus?
(a) Thin walls
(b) Thick walls

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 (c) Enzymes
(d) Hormones
(iv) Why is spore formation advantageous?
(a) Slow growth
(b) Survives harsh conditions
(c) Requires fertilisation
(d) Reduces variation

8. Case Study 8: Regeneration A Planaria worm, when cut into pieces, regenerates
into multiple complete organisms due to specialized cells. This asexual reproduc-
tion method involves cell proliferation and differentiation, forming new tissues and
organs. Unlike complex organisms, Planarias simple body plan allows regeneration,
ensuring survival even after injury. This ability highlights the role of specialized
cells in maintaining species continuity in certain organisms.

(i) What is regeneration?

(a) Growth from fragments
(b) Cell division
(c) Spore formation
(d) Gamete fusion
(ii) Which organism exhibits regeneration?
(a) Amoeba
(b) Planaria
(c) Yeast
(d) Rhizopus
(iii) What enables regeneration in Planaria?
(a) Specialized cells
(b) Hormones
(c) DNA errors
(d) Meiosis
(iv) Why cant complex organisms regenerate easily?
(a) Simple body plan
(b) Specialized tissues
(c) Lack of DNA
(d) Rapid growth

9. Case Study 9: Female Reproductive System In a woman, the ovaries produce

eggs, and the uterus prepares monthly for pregnancy. If fertilisation occurs, the em-
bryo implants in the uterus, supported by the placenta. The fallopian tubes trans-
port eggs, where fertilisation happens. This complex system ensures human repro-
duction, with hormonal regulation maintaining cycles like menstruation, preparing
the body for nurturing a developing fetus over nine months.

(i) Where are eggs produced in females?

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 (a) Uterus
(b) Ovary
(c) Fallopian tube
(d) Vagina
(ii) Where does fertilisation occur in humans?
(a) Ovary
(b) Uterus
(c) Fallopian tube
(d) Vagina
(iii) What supports the embryo during pregnancy?
(a) Ovary
(b) Placenta
(c) Fallopian tube
(d) Cervix
(iv) What prepares the uterus for pregnancy?
(a) Sperm
(b) Hormones
(c) Eggs
(d) Blood

10. Case Study 10: Tissue Culture A scientist grows orchids using tissue culture,
where cells from a plants growing tip form a callus in a nutrient medium. Hor-
mones induce differentiation, producing plantlets that grow into mature plants.
This asexual method ensures disease-free, genetically identical plants, widely used
for ornamental crops. Tissue culture supports conservation and commercial pro-
duction, offering a controlled environment for plant propagation.

(i) What is tissue culture?

(a) Spore formation
(b) Plant growth from cells
(c) Sexual reproduction
(d) Cell division
(ii) What is formed in tissue culture initially?
(a) Seed
(b) Callus
(c) Embryo
(d) Spore
(iii) What induces differentiation in tissue culture?
(a) Water
(b) Hormones
(c) Light

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 (d) Soil
(iv) Why is tissue culture used for orchids?
(a) Increases variation
(b) Produces disease-free plants
(c) Slows growth
(d) Requires seeds

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