Chapter 11 Test

Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

1. Each pea-plant gamete has how many alleles for the height gene?
a. 1 c. 3
b. 2 d. 4
2. The different forms of a gene are called
a. traits. c. alleles.
b. pollinations. d. hybrids.
3. Gregor Mendel removed the male parts from the flowers of some plants in order to
a. prevent hybrids from forming. c. to put in a jar and keep next to his bed to
stare at all night.
b. prevent cross-pollination. d. control crosses between plants.
4. If a pea plant has a recessive allele for green peas, it will produce
a. green peas if it also has a dominant allele c. green peas if it does not also have a
for yellow peas. dominant allele for yellow peas.
b. both green peas and yellow peas if it also d. yellow peas if it does not also have a
has a dominant allele for yellow peas. dominant allele for green peas.
5. When Gregor Mendel crossed a tall plant with a short plant, the F1 plants inherited
a. one allele from each parent. c. three alleles from each parent.
b. two alleles from each parent. d. four alleles from each parent.
6. If a pea plantÕs alleles for height are tt, what is true of its parents?
a. Both parents were tall. c. Both parents contributed a recessive allele.
b. Both parents were short. d. Both parents contributed a dominant
allele.
7. A tall plant (TT) is crossed with a short plant (tt). If the tall F1 pea plants are allowed to self-pollinate,
a. the offspring will be of medium height. c. all of the offspring will be short.
b. all of the offspring will be tall. d. the offspring can be tall or short.
8. When you flip a coin, what is the probability that it will come up tails?
a. 1 c. 1/4
b. 1/2 d. 1/8
9. The principles of probability can be used to
a. predict the traits of the offspring of genetic c. determine which species should be used in
crosses. genetic crosses.
b. determine the actual outcomes of genetic d. decide which organisms are best to use in
crosses. genetic crosses.
10. A heterozygous tall pea plant is crossed with a short plant. The probability that an F1 plant will be tall is
a. 25%. c. 75%.
b. 50%. d. 100%.
11. Organisms that have two identical alleles for a particular trait are said to be
a. hybrid. c. heterozygous.
b. homozygous. d. dominant.
 Tt

T t

T TT Tt
TT
T TT Tt

T = Tall
t = Short

Figure 11Ð1

12. In the Punnett square shown in Figure 11Ð1, which of the following is true about the offspring resulting from the
cross?
a. About half are expected to be short. c. About three fourths are expected to be tall.
b. All are expected to be short. d. All are expected to be tall.
13. What principle states that during gamete formation genes for different traits separate without influencing each
otherÕs inheritance?
a. principle of dominance c. principle of probabilities
b. principle of independent assortment d. principle of segregation

RrYy

RY Ry rY ry

RY RRYY RRYy RrYY RrYy

Ry RRYy RRyy RrYy Rryy

RrYy

rY RrYY RrYy rrYY rrYy

ry RrYy Rryy rrYy rryy

Figure 11Ð2

14. The Punnett square in Figure 11Ð2 shows that the gene for pea shape and the gene for pea color
a. assort independently. c. have the same alleles.
b. are linked. d. are always homozygous.
15. Gregor MendelÕs principles of genetics apply to
 a. plants only. c. pea plants only.
b. animals only. d. all organisms.
16. Roan cattle show codominance for the color of their hair. There are alleles for red hair and white hair. What
would you expect a heterozygous roan bull to look like if the trait showed incomplete dominance instead?
a. It would be red. c. It would be spotted.
b. It would be white. d. It would be pink.
17. Situations in which one allele for a gene is not completely dominant over another allele for that gene are called
a. multiple alleles. c. polygenic inheritance.
b. incomplete dominance. d. multiple genes.
18. In rabbits, there are four different versions of the gene for coat color. What pattern of inheritance is this?
a. incomplete dominance. c. codominance.
b. polygenic inheritance. d. multiple alleles.
19. Variation in human skin color is an example of
a. incomplete dominance. c. polygenic traits.
b. codominance. d. multiple alleles.
20. The number of chromosomes in a gamete is represented by the symbol
a. Z. c. N.
b. X. d. Y.
21. If an organismÕs diploid number is 12, its haploid number is
a. 12. c. 24.
b. 6. d. 3.
22. Gametes have
a. homologous chromosomes. c. two sets of chromosomes.
b. twice the number of chromosomes found d. one allele for each gene.
in body cells.
23. Gametes are produced by the process of
a. mitosis. c. crossing-over.
b. meiosis. d. replication.

Figure 11Ð4

24. What is shown in Figure 11Ð4?

a. independent assortment c. crossing-over
b. anaphase I of meiosis d. replication
25. Chromosomes form tetrads during
 a. prophase I of meiosis. c. interphase.
b. metaphase I of meiosis. d. anaphase II of meiosis.
26. A tetrad consists of
a. a homologous pair of chromosomes, each c. two sister chromatids that have each been
made of two chromatids. replicated during interphase.
b. the four copies of a chromosome that are d. a parental chromosome that was replicated
normally present in cells. to form a pair, then replicated again.
27. Unlike mitosis, meiosis results in the formation of
a. diploid cells. c. 2N daughter cells.
b. haploid cells. d. body cells.
28. What is formed at the end of meiosis?
a. two genetically identical cells c. four genetically identical cells
b. four genetically different cells d. two genetically different cells
29. One way that meiosis I is different from mitosis is that
a. replication occurs during interphase before c. homologous chromosomes are segregated
mitosis, but not before meiosis I. during mitosis, but remain together during
meiosis I.
b. meiosis I produces 2 haploid daughter d. sister chromatids are pulled apart during
cells, but mitosis produces 2 diploid meiosis I, but not during mitosis.
daughter cells.
30. Which of the following assort independently?
a. chromosomes c. multiple alleles
b. linked genes d. codominant alleles
31. Linked genes
a. are never separated. c. are on the same chromosome.
b. assort independently. d. are always recessive.
32. Gene maps are based on
a. the frequencies of crossing-over. c. genetic diversity.
b. independent assortment. d. the number of genes in a cell.
33. If two genes are on the same chromosome and rarely assort independently,
a. crossing-over never occurs between the c. the genes are probably located far apart
genes. from each other.
b. crossing-over always occurs between the d. the genes are probably located close to
genes. each other.

Completion
Complete each statement.

34. The plants that Gregor Mendel crossed to produce the F1 generation made up the ____________________
generation.

35. Due to the process of segregation, alleles separate during the production of ____________________ .

36. The principle of independent assortment states that ____________________ for different traits can segregate
independently during the formation of gametes.
 37. If pea plants that are homozygous for round, yellow seeds (RRYY) were crossed with pea plants that are
heterozygous for round, yellow seeds (RrYy), the expected phenotype(s) of the offspring would be
_________________________.

38. In four oÕclock plants, if you cross a red and white flower you end up with a pink flower this shows
_________________________.

39. An organismÕs gametes have ____________________ the number of chromosomes found in the organismÕs
body cells.

40. Crossing-over occurs during the stage of meiosis called ____________________.

41. The relative locations of each known gene can be shown on a ____________________ map.

Short Answer

42. What is a hybrid and give an example of one? (4pt)

43. What is segregation and how does it work or affect gamete formation? (4pt)

44. What is the difference between and genotype and a phenotype? (4pt)

45. Perform this mono hybrid cross: One parent that has excessive earwax, EE, (the type that runs down the side of
their face) mates with someone that also has excessive earwax Ee. So when they sit together cheek to cheek their
heads stick together. What is the offsprings genotypic ratio and what is the phenotypic ratio? (3pt)

46. Perform this dihybrid cross: In the esquilax one parent is heterozygous for projectile vomiting, and homozygous
recessive for consuming other esquilaxs' vomit. The other parent is homozygous dominant for both the projectile
vomit and consuming others vomit. What will the possible genotypes be for the offspring and what will be the
phenotypic and genotypic ratios? (3pt)

47. What is polygenic inheritance? Give one example. (4pt)

48. What is the difference between diploid and haploid? (4pt)

[Link] are the three main differences between Meiosis and Mitosis? (3pt)

50. What were MorganÕs two conclusions about genetic linkage? (4pt)