2u = 14

APPLICATION: WORDED Answer

PROBLEMS u = 7 (units digit)
u – 3 = 4 (tens digit)
CONVERT WORDS INTO MATHEMATICAL Using the values above for units and tens, we
EXPRESSION : find the number 47.

1. The length of a football field is 30 yards more

than its width. Express the length of the field in terms of 2. The sum of the digits of a three-digit number is
its width w. 6. The hundreds digit is twice the units digit, and
the tens digit equals the sum of the other two.
2. Translate "nine less than the total of a number Find the number.
and two" into an algebraic expression, and simplify.
Solution:
3. Five more than three times a number is twenty-
six. What is the value of the number. Let u = units digit
h = 2u = hundreds digit
4. Six less than five times a number is nine. What h = u + h = u + 2u = tens digit
is the value of the number.
Equation
5. Three times the first of three consecutive odd u + 2u + (u + 2u) = 6
integers is three more than twice the third. Find the third 6u = 6
integer. u = 1 (units digit)
a. 9 b. 11 c. 13 d. 15 2u = 2 (hundreds digit)
u + 2u = 3 (tens digit)
6. The sum of the digits of a three-digit number is So,
17. If the digits are reversed and the resulting number is The number is (2 x 100) + (3 x 10) + 1 or 231.
added to the original number, the result is 1 474. If the
resulting number is subtracted from the original number,
the result is 396. Find the original number. 3. The sum of the digits of a two-digit number is
a. 935 b. 845 c. 854 d. 953 11. If we interchange the digits then the new
number formed is 45 less than the original. Find
7. Find the fraction such that if 2 is subtracted from the original number.
its terms it becomes ¼, but if 4 is added to its terms
it becomes ½. Solution:
a. 3/5 b. 5/12 c. 5/14 d. 6/13 Let u = units digit
t = tens digit
10t + u = original number

Equation
For any three digit number, let u + t = 11………………….1
h = the hundreds digit
t = the tens digit and 10u + t = 10t + u – 45
u = the units digit 9u - 9t = -45
u – t = -5 ……………..2
The number = 100h + 10t + u
The number with digits reversed = Using simultaneous equation: elimination
100u + 10t + h method, add eq.1 to eq. 2
The sum of digits = h + t + u u + t = 11
The product of digits = htu u – t = -5
2u =6 (divide both sides by 2)
SAMPLE PROBLEMS: u= 3
1. The tens digit of a certain number is 3 less than Therefore,
the units digit. The sum of the digits is 11. What
is the number? u + t = 11
t = 11 – u
t = 11 -3
Solution: t=8
Let u = units digit
t = u – 3 = tens digit So,
Equation The number is 10t + u = 10(8) + 3 = 83.
u + (u – 3) = 11
2u – 3 = 11
 q = 32 + n ……..……………..2

0.05n + 0.10d + 0.25q = 13 …… 3

Note: In Substitute eq 1 and eq 2 to eq 3,

solving our 0.05n + 0.10 (10+n) + .25 (32 +n) = 13
problems 0.05n + 1 + 0.10n + 8 + .25 n = 13
below, we will 0.4 n = 13 -1 -8
use the value of 0.4 n = 4 (Divide both sides by 0.4)
the coins in n = 10
dollars which are listed under the third column in the
table above. As you can see, the penny has a value of 0.01, d = 10 + n = 10 + 10
the nickel has a value of 0.05, the dime has a value of 0.10, q = 32 + n = 32 + 10
and the quarter has a value of 0.25.
d = 20
q = 42
SAMPLE PROBLEMS:
1. Tamara has 35 coins in nickels and quarters. In Answer: John received 10 nickels, 20 dimes
all, she has $4.15. How many of each kind of coin and 42 quarters.
does she have?

Solution:
Let n = number of nickels
One application of linear equations is what are
q = number of quarters
termed age problems. When solving age problems,
Equation generally the age of two different people (or objects)
n + q = 35 ……………………....1 both now and in the future (or past) are compared.
0.05n + 0.25q = 4.15 ……………..2
The objective of these problems is usually to find each
Use simultaneous equation : substitution method subject’s current age. Since there can be a lot of
From eq 1. information in these problems, a chart can be used to
n + q = 35
help organize and solve. An example of such a table is
n = 35 – q …………………………3
below.
Substitute eq 3 to eq 2,
0.05n + 0.25q = 4.15
0.05 (35-q) + 0.25q = 4.15
1.75 – 0.05q + .25q = 4.15
0.2q = 2.4
q = 12
SAMPLE PROBLEMS:
n = 35 – q
n = 35 -12 1. Carmen is 12 years older than David. Five years
n = 23 ago, the sum of their ages was 28. How old are
they now?
Answer: Tamara has 23 nickels and 12
quarters. Solution:

2. John received change worth $13. He received 10

more dimes than nickels and 22 more quarters
than dimes. How many coins of each did he
receive?

Solution: Equation :
Let n = number of nickels From the statement “Five years ago, the sum of
d = number of dimes their ages was 28”,
q = number of quarters
(D+7) + (D-5) = 28
2D + 2 = 28
Equation 2D = 26
d = 10 + n .…………………....1 D= 13
q = 22 + d = 22 + 10 + n
 C = D +12 = 13+ 12 1 dial. Thus, if the minute hand moves by x the hour
C = 25 𝑥
hand moves by .
12
Answer: Carmen is 25 years old now while
David is 25 years old.

2. Five years ago, John’s age was half of the age he

will be in 8 years. How old is he now?

Solution:
PRESENT : Let x = John’s present
age KEY EQUATIONS:
FUTURE : x + 8 = John’s age in
8 years
PAST : x-5 = John’s age
five years ago
There are three common questions in clock problems; (1)
time when the hands of the clock are together, (2) time
Equation : when the hands of the clock are perpendicular to each
From the statement “Five years ago, John’s age other, and (3) time when the hands of the clock form a
was half of the age he will be in 8 years”, straight line.
1
x – 5 = 2 (𝑥 + 8)
1
x–5 = 2
𝑥 +4 The following are the distances between the hands of the
x-
1
𝑥 = 4+5 clock:
2
1
𝑥 =9 (1) Together = 0
2
( Multiply both sides by 2) (2) Perpendicular (90° to each other) = 15
x = 18
minutes
Answer: John is now 18 years old. (3) Straight line (opposite each other ; 180° to
3. John is twice as old as his friend Peter. Peter is 5 each other) = 30 minutes
years older than Alice. In 5 years, John will be
SAMPLE PROBLEMS:
three times as old as Alice. How old is Peter
now?
1. At what time between 7 and 8 0’clock will the
hands of a clock be in the same straight line, but
Solution:
not together?

Solution:
𝑥
a. x = 5+
12
Equation : Write the new relationship in an
equation using the ages in 5 yrs. x = 5.455 min.
From the statement “In 5 years, John will be
three times as old as Alice”,
2x+5 = 3 (x-5+5)
2x+5 = 3x
2x – 3x = -5 b. SHORTCUT:
-x = -5 (Multiply both
sides by -1) 2
x = 11 ( Time given (30) ± angle of the
x =5 condition)

Answer: Peter is now 5 years old. 2

x = 11 ( 7(30) -180)

x = 5.455 min.

There are 12 dial units in the clock. Every time ANSWER : 7: 5.455
the minute hand completes 12 dials, the hour hand moves
 However, the hour hand will actually
be between the 8 and the 9, since we are looking
2. What time between 2 and 3 o’clock will the angle
at 8:15 rather than an absolute hour mark. 15
between the hands of the clock be bisected by the
minutes is equal to one-fourth of an hour. Use the
line connecting the center of the clock and the 3
same equation to find the additional position of
o’clock mark? the hour hand.
𝟏
Solution: 240˚ + ( 𝟒 hr) (30) = 247.5˚
𝑥
10 + 12 +θ = 15 We are looking for the angle between the two
𝑥
hands of the clock. The will be equal to the
𝜃 = 5− …………….1 difference between the two angle measures.
12

Angle = 247.5˚ - 90˚ = 157.5˚

(ans.)
x = 15 + 𝜃 …………….2
𝑥
x = 15 + (5 − 12)
5. What time after 7:00 o’clock will the hands of a
𝑥
x = 20 − 12 continuously driven clock are together?

x = 18.46 min Solution:

Time=2:18. 𝑥
x = 35 + 12
3. It is 4 o’clock. What is the measure of the angle
formed between the hour hand and the minute
hand? x = 38.182min

Solution:
Time= 7:38.182
At four o’clock the minute hand is on the 12 and
the hour hand is on the 4. The angle formed is
4/12 of the total number of degrees in a circle,
360. Work word problems usually involve two or
more entities working together to complete a task.
4/12 * 360 = 120 degrees
Work problems have direct real-life applications. We
4. If a clock reads 8:15 PM, what angle do the
often need to determine how many people are needed
hands make?
to complete a task within a given time. Alternatively,
Solution: given a limited number of workers, we may need to
A clock is a circle, and a circle always contains
determine how long it will take to finish a project.
360 degrees. Since there are 60 minutes on a
clock, each minute mark is 6 degrees. Here, we will deal with the basic math concepts of
how to calculate work word problems.
𝟑𝟔𝟎° 𝒕𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍
= 6 degrees per
𝟔𝟎 𝐦𝐢𝐧 𝒕𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍
min

The minute hand on the clock will point at 15

minutes, allowing us to calculate it's position on
the circle.

(15 min)(6)=90˚

Since there are 12 hours on the clock, each hour

mark is 30 degrees.
SAMPLE PROBLEMS:
360° 𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙
= 30 degrees 1. Karl can clean a room in 3 hours. If his little
12 ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑠 𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙
per hr sister Kyra helps, they can clean it in 2.4 hours.
How long would it take Kyra to do the job alone?
We can calculate where the hour hand will be at
8:00. Solution:
1
(8 hr)(30)=240˚ Let Karl’s Rate = 3
 Kayra’s Rate =
1 Solution:
𝐾

Equation:

1 1 1
+ 𝐾 = 2.4
3

1 1 1
= 2.4 - 3
𝐾

1 1
= 12 From the last column, you get the equation:
𝐾

K = 12 hrs. (ans) 0.70s + 20 = 0.50 (s+50)

2. Doug takes twice as long as Becky to complete a 0.70s + 20 = 0.50s+25

project. Together they can complete the project
0.70s -0.50s = 25 -20
in 10 hours. How long will it take each of them
to complete the project alone? 0.20s = 5 (Divide both
sides by 0.20)
Solution:
s = 25 liters
Let B = time for Becky to complete the project
working alone There must be 25 liters of a 70% alcohol
solution to be added to 50 liters of a 40%
D = time for Doug to complete the project alcohol solution to produce a 50% alcohol
working alone solution.
D = 2B

1 1 1 2. How many ounces of pure water must be added

+ 𝐷 = 10
𝐵 to 50 ounces of a 15% saline solution to make a
1 1 1
saline solution that is 10% salt?
+ 2𝐵 = 10
𝐵
Solution:
3 1
= 10
2𝐵

2B = 30
B = 15 hrs
D = 2B = 2(15)
D = 30 hrs
This means that the time it takes Becky to
complete the project alone is 5 hrs while From the last column, you get the equation:
Doug can complete the project alone in
30hrs. 7.5 = 0.10 (50+w)
7.5 = 5 + 0.10w
0.10w = 2.5 (Divide both sides by
0.10)
Mixture problems and their solutions
are presented along with their w = 25 ounces
solutions. Percentages are also used to solve There must be 25 ounces of pure water to be
these types of problems. added to 50 ounces of a 15% saline solution
to make a saline solution that is 10% salt.

SAMPLE PROBLEMS:

1. How many liters of a 70% alcohol solution must

be added to 50 liters of a 40% alcohol solution to
produce a 50% alcohol solution?
 rate time distance
Ms. Twill 60 mph t 60t
Mrs. 𝟏 𝟏
50mph t+𝟐 50(t + 𝟐)
Benevides

Motion problems are based on the formula

Because each other travel the same distance:
d = rt 1
6ot = 50(t + 2)
where :
6ot = 50t + 25
d = distance,
r = rate 10t = 25
t = time
t = 2.5 hours

How to solve Motion or Distance Word Problems? Distance they both covered:

Step 1: Draw a diagram to represent the d = 60t = 60(2.5)

relationship between the distances involved in d = 150 miles
the problem.
Ms. Twill overtakes Mrs. Benevides after 2.5
Step 2: Set up a chart based on the formula: rate hours of driving. The exact time can be figured
× time = distance. out by using Ms. Twill's starting time: 9:30 +
Step 3: Use the chart to set up one or more 2:30 = 12 noon. Since Ms. Twill has traveled for
equations. 2.5 hours at 60 mph, she has traveled 2.5 × 60,
which is 150 miles.
Step 4: Solve the equations.
So, Mrs. Benevides is overtaken at 12 noon,
and each has traveled 150 miles.

SAMPLE PROBLEMS:

1. John and Philip who live 14 miles apart start at 1. Arithmetic Progression (AP)
noon to walk toward each other at rates of 3 mph 2. Geometric Progression (GP)
and 4 mph respectively. After how many hours 3. Harmonic Progression (HP)
will they meet?

Solution:
Let x = time walked An arithmetic progression (AP), also called an arithmetic
sequence, is a sequence of numbers which differ from
each other by a common difference.

3x + 4x = 14
7x = 14
x=2

They will meet in 2 hours.

2. Mrs. Benevides leaves Burbank at 9 a.m. and
drives west on the Ventura Freeway at an
average speed of 50 miles per hour. Ms. Twill
leaves Burbank at 9:30 a.m. and drives west on
the Ventura Freeway at an average speed of 60
miles per hour. At what time will Ms. Twill
overtake Mrs. Benevides, and how many miles
will they each have gone?

Solution:
Geometric Progression (GP) is a specific type of
progression or sequence, where each next term in the
progression is produced by multiplying the previous
term by a fixed number, and the fixed number is called
the Common Ratio.

A Harmonic Progression is defined as a sequence of real

numbers which is found by taking the reciprocals of the
arithmetic progression.

SAMPLE PROBLEMS:
1. Find the 17th term of AP 4, 9, 14, …
2. Sum of three arithmetic means between 34 and
42 is.
3. If the first, second and last terms of the AP are
5, 9, 101, respectively, find the total number of
terms in the AP.
4. Find the 9th term of the harmonic progression 3,
2, 3/3…
5. Find the sum of 4 geometric means 160 and 5.
6. The 4th term of a GP is 216 and the 6th term is
1944. Find the 8th term.
7. The sum of an infinite geometric series is four
times the first term. What is the common ratio?
8. A rubber ball is made to fall from a height of 50ft
and is observed to rebound 2/3 of the distance it
falls. How far will the ball travel before coming
to rest if the ball continues to fall in this manner?