📘 Chapter: Sun, Moon and Eclipses

D. Answer the following questions in brief:

1. What do you understand by an eclipse?

An eclipse happens when one heavenly body (like the Moon or Earth) comes in between the
Sun and another body and hides it partly or fully.

Solar eclipse: Moon comes between Earth and Sun.

Lunar eclipse: Earth comes between Sun and Moon

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2. How are craters formed on the surface of the Moon?

Craters on the Moon were formed when huge rocks (meteorites) from space hit the Moon’s
surface. Since the Moon has no air or water, the craters remain forever.

3. Why do astronauts need spacesuits?

On the Moon, there is no air, no oxygen, and no protection from Sun’s heat and harmful
rays. Spacesuits give astronauts oxygen to breathe, keep their body safe from radiation, and
maintain the right temperature.
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4. Differentiate between solar and lunar eclipse.

Solar Eclipse​ Lunar Eclipse

Moon comes between Earth and Sun​ Earth comes between Sun and Moon
Seen during the day​ Seen at night
The Sun looks covered​ The Moon looks covered
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5. Write a short note on conditions present on the Moon.

No air and no water.

Very hot during the day (about 127°C) and very cold at night (about -173°C).

Sky looks black because there is no atmosphere.

No life exists.

Gravity is weak (about 1/6th of Earth’s gravity).

E. Answer in detail:

1. What is a space shuttle?

A space shuttle is a spacecraft used by astronauts to travel into space and return to Earth. It
can be reused for many journeys.
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2. How are satellites useful to us?

They help us in communication (TV, phones, internet).

They are used for weather forecasting.

They help in navigation (GPS).

They take pictures of Earth and space.

3. Describe the phases of the Moon.

As the Moon goes around Earth, we see different shapes of it. These shapes are called
phases.

New Moon (not visible),

Crescent,

Half Moon,

Gibbous Moon,

Full Moon.
Then again it decreases back to New Moon.

4. Describe the surface of the Moon.

The Moon’s surface is rocky, dusty, and covered with craters. There are mountains and
plains too. It has no water, no air, and looks grey in colour.

🌊 Chapter – Water and Air Pressure

Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS)

Q1. Raj notices his plants wilting despite watering them every day. Why might this happen?
​ •​ Plants need both water and air in the soil.
​ •​ If the soil is too wet, water fills up all the spaces and the roots cannot get
enough air (oxygen).
​ •​ Without oxygen, roots cannot breathe, so the plant starts wilting even if it gets
water.

Q2. A classroom is very warm during summer and students cannot concentrate. Identify the
problem and suggest a solution.
​ •​ Problem: Too much heat in the classroom makes students uncomfortable.
​ •​ Solution: Switch on fans, keep windows open for fresh air, put curtains or
shades, or drink enough water to stay cool.

Competency Based Questions

Q1. Balloon taken to a higher altitude. What happens? Why?

​ •​ At higher altitude, air pressure is low.
​ •​ The air inside the balloon pushes outward more strongly than the outside air.
​ •​ So the balloon expands and may even burst.

Q2. Riya wonders why distilled water is purer than lake water. Explain.
​ •​ Lake water contains salts, dirt, and germs.
​ •​ In distillation, water is boiled → steam forms → steam cools and becomes
pure water.
​ •​ All impurities are left behind, so distilled water is cleaner than lake water.

Short Answer Questions

Q1. Define humidity and atmosphere.

​ •​ Humidity → The amount of water vapour present in the air.
​ •​ Atmosphere → The blanket of air that surrounds the Earth.

Q2. How is filtration used in purification of water?

​ •​ Water is passed through a filter cloth or paper.
​ •​ The filter traps sand, dirt, and insoluble particles.
​ •​ Clean water passes through.

Q3. What is the importance of distilled water?

​ •​ It is pure water with no salts and germs.
​ •​ Used in laboratories, medicines, batteries, and for drinking when no clean
water is available.

Q4. How does water become polluted?

​ •​ By mixing of sewage, plastics, chemicals, soaps, factory waste in rivers and
lakes.

Q5. Role of condenser in distillation?

​ •​ Condenser cools the steam into water drops.
​ •​ It helps to collect pure water from steam.

Long Answer Questions

Q1. Peter dipped an empty bottle in water and bubbles came out. Explain.
​ •​ The bottle was full of air.
​ •​ When he put it in water, the air escaped as bubbles.
​ •​ This allowed water to enter the bottle.

Give One Difference

a. Filtration vs Sedimentation
​ •​ Filtration: Removes impurities using a filter.
​ •​ Sedimentation: Impurities settle down at the bottom on their own.

b. Thermosphere vs Exosphere
​ •​ Thermosphere: Very hot layer, has auroras and satellites.
​ •​ Exosphere: Outermost layer, merges with space.

Other Questions

Why is the atmosphere important to us?

​ •​ Gives us oxygen to breathe.
​ •​ Protects us from harmful rays of the Sun.
​ •​ Maintains the temperature of Earth.

How is water useful to us?

​ •​ For drinking, cooking, farming, industries, electricity, cleaning.

How is air pressure helpful?

​ •​ Helps us breathe,
​ •​ Allows us to use straws, droppers, syringes.

Why is it difficult to breathe at higher altitudes?

🩹
​ •​ Because air pressure and oxygen are less, so lungs get less oxygen.
Chapter – Safety and First Aid

Crossword
​ •​ Across 3 → Rabies
​ •​ Across 5 → First aid
​ •​ Down 1 → Fracture
​ •​ Down 2 → Splint
​ •​ Down 4 → Sprain

Short Answers
​ 1.​ First aid → The help given to an injured person before a doctor arrives.
Important because it can save life.
​ 2.​ Chemicals at home → Floor cleaners, detergents, medicines.
​ 3.​ Type of first aid
​ •​ Fracture → Tie with splint, keep part still.
​ •​ Minor cut → Wash with water, apply antiseptic, cover with bandage.
​ •​ Poisoning → Take patient to doctor immediately.
​ 4.​ Situations for fire accidents → Wearing loose clothes, leaving stove
unattended, playing with matchsticks.
​ 5.​ Fire extinguisher → Device to put out fire.
​ 6.​ Warning “Keep out of reach of children” → Because disinfectants are
poisonous and harmful.

Long Answers

a. Burn from steam

​ •​ Wash with cold water.
​ •​ Put ice pack.
​ •​ Apply antiseptic.
​ •​ Never burst blisters.

b. Grazed wrist
​ •​ Wash with clean water.
​ •​ Apply antiseptic.
​ •​ Cover with bandage.

c. Wasp sting
​ •​ Remove sting carefully.
​ •​ Apply ice or baking soda paste.
​ •​ If swelling continues, see doctor.

Class 5 Science – The Human Body and Health (Skeletal & Muscular System)

A. Answer in one word

1. Number of bones in an adult human – 206 bones

2. It is also known as spine – Backbone (Vertebral column)

3. The ribs that are not attached to the sternum – Floating ribs

4. It is also called as rotary joint – Pivot joint

5. Tissues that attach the muscles to the bone – Tendons
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B. Which joints are used while doing these activities?

1. Jogging – Ball and socket joint (at hip and shoulder)

2. Swimming – Ball and socket joint (for wide arm and leg movement)

3. Writing – Gliding joint (wrist movement)

4. Cycling – Hinge joint (knee and elbow)

5. Exercising the neck – Pivot joint (turning the head side to side)

C. Answer the following questions in brief

1. What is the function of bone marrow?

Bone marrow is a soft substance inside the bones. It makes blood cells (red blood cells,
white blood cells, platelets) and stores fat.

2. Name different types of movable joints in our body.

Ball and socket joint

Hinge joint

Pivot joint

Gliding joint

3. How do striated muscles look?

Striated muscles have stripes or bands when seen under a microscope. They look long,
cylindrical, and multinucleated.

4. Why are the last two ribs called floating ribs?

Because they are not attached to the sternum (breast bone) in the front.
5. Are human beings vertebrates? Explain why.
Yes, humans are vertebrates because we have a backbone (vertebral column).

6. Differentiate between pectoral girdle and pelvic girdle.

Pectoral girdle – Found in the shoulder region, connects arms to the body.

Pelvic girdle – Found in the hip region, connects legs to the body.

7. We can move our neck in all directions but not our knees. Why?
The neck has a pivot joint that allows movement in all directions.
The knee has a hinge joint, which allows only back-and-forth movement.

8. Can we move our upper jaw?

No, we cannot move our upper jaw. Only the lower jaw moves when we talk or chew.

D. Answer the following questions in detail

1. How can we say that cardiac muscles are involuntary in nature?

Cardiac muscles are found in the heart. They work automatically without our control. We
cannot stop or start our heartbeat by choice. That’s why they are called involuntary.

2. What is the difference between a tendon and a ligament?

Tendon: Connects muscles to bones.

Ligament: Connects bones to bones.

3. Why are striped muscles called voluntary muscles?

Striped (striated) muscles are under our control. We use them for actions like walking,
running, writing. Since we move them by our will, they are called voluntary.

4. State the functions of bones in our body.

Give shape and support to the body

Help in movement with muscles

Protect internal organs (e.g., skull protects brain, ribs protect lungs)
Produce blood cells in bone marrow

Store minerals like calcium

5. Give differences between gliding and pivot joint.

Gliding joint: Bones slide against each other (wrist, ankle).

Pivot joint: One bone rotates around another (neck).

6. How is a ball and socket joint different from a gliding joint?

Ball and socket joint: Allows movement in all directions (shoulder, hip).

Gliding joint: Allows only sliding movement (wrist, ankle).

7. Explain how muscles and bones help in the movement of our body.
Muscles are attached to bones by tendons. When muscles contract and relax, they pull the
bones. This makes the bones move, and thus the whole body moves.

E. Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS)

1. Our backbone is made of many small bones. Imagine if it is made of only one single bone,
what would happen then?
If the backbone was a single bone, we would not be able to bend, twist, or turn. Our body
would be very stiff, and movement would be very difficult.

2. Do you think it would be better if we had voluntary muscles in the stomach and involuntary
muscles in the legs? Give reason.
No, it would not be better.

Stomach muscles must work involuntarily to digest food automatically, even when we are
asleep.

Legs must have voluntary muscles so that we can walk, run, and stop whenever we want.
If it were opposite, digestion would stop when we forget, and legs would move without our
control.

F. Competency Based Questions

1. Maria loves playing football and running around with her friends. One day her muscles
feel tired and sore after a long game.
a) Why do Maria’s muscles feel tired and sore after a long game of football?
Because her muscles used a lot of energy and produced lactic acid, which causes tiredness
and soreness.

b) How do muscles help Maria kick the football and run around?
Muscles contract and relax, pulling the bones. This helps her legs move and kick the ball.

c) What can Maria do to take care of her muscles so she can keep playing?
She should take rest, eat healthy food, drink water, and do regular exercise to keep muscles
strong.

2. Imagine you are a doctor and a patient comes to you with a minor fracture that will heal
quickly. How would you explain to the patient the importance of keeping the bones healthy?
I would say:

Bones protect important organs like the brain, heart, and lungs.

They help us to stand, walk, and move.

Healthy bones make us strong and prevent fractures.

We should eat calcium-rich food (milk, curd, green vegetables), get vitamin D from sunlight,
and do exercise for strong bones.

G. Subject Connect (Sports)

Muscles work in pairs (antagonistic muscles). Example: Biceps and triceps in the arm.

When the biceps contract, the triceps relax to bend the arm.

When the triceps contract, the biceps relax to straighten the arm.

In sports like throwing a ball in cricket or basketball, these muscles work together. This
pairing helps smooth movement without injury.