Chapter No.

4 STOICHIOMETRY
Questions for short Answers:

I. Write down the chemical formula of barium nitride.

Ans: Ba3 N 2

II. Find out the molecular formula of a compound whose empirical formula is
CH₂O and its molar mass is 180.

Ans: Empirical formula CH2O molar mass = 12 (C) + 2(1) (H) + 16 (O) = 30 g/mol.

Molar mass given = 180 g/mol.

Molecular formula =n (Empirical formula)

where n = Moleclar mass / Empirical formula mass = 180 / 30 = 6.

So, Molecular formula = (CH2O)6=C6H12O6

[Link] many molecules are present in 1.5 g H₂O?

Ans: H2O molar mass = 2(1) + 16 = 18 g/mol.

Mole= mass in g/ molar mass

Moles in 1.5 g H2O = 1.5 / 18 = 0.0833 mol.

Molecules = Moles x Avogadro's number

= 0.0833 x 6.022 x 10²³ = 5.02 x 10²² molecules.

IV. What is the difference between a mole and Avogadro's number?

Ans: Mole: A unit of amount of substance (like dozen for counting).

Mole of each substance have different mass in grams. It can be calculated by using
formula Mole= mass in g/ molar mass.

Avogadro's number: The number of particles (atoms/molecules) in one mole

= 6.022 x 10²³.

Mole of each substance contain same Avogadro’s number of particles.

It is shown by the symbol NA

V. Write down the chemical equation of the following reaction.

Ans: Copper + Sulphuric acid → Copper sulphate + Water + Sulphur dioxide

Balanced equation: Cu + 2H2SO4 → CuSO4 + 2H2O + SO2.

Constructed Response Questions

I. Different compounds will never have the same molecular formula but they can
have the same empirical formula. Explain

Ans: Different compounds can have the same empirical formula because the empirical
formula represents the simplest whole-number ratio of atoms of each element in a
compound. However, the molecular formula shows the actual number of atoms of each
element in a molecule. For example, glucose (C6H12O6) and formaldehyde (CH2O)
repeated three times have the same empirical formula (CH2O) but different molecular
formulas.

ii. Write down the chemical formulas of the following compounds.

Ans: Calcium phosphate: Ca3(PO4)2

Aluminium nitride: AlN

Sodium acetate: CH3COONa

Ammonium carbonate: (NH4)2CO3

Bismuth sulphate: Bi2(SO4)3

iii. Why does Avogadro's number have an immense importance in chemistry?

Ans: Avogadro's number (6.022 × 10²³) is crucial because it relates the amount of a
substance (moles) to the number of particles (atoms, molecules, ions). It allows
chemists to convert between the macroscopic scale (grams, moles) and the microscopic
scale (number of particles), enabling calculations in chemistry like determining the
number of molecules in a given amount of substance.

iv. When 8.657g of a compound were converted into elements, it gave 5.217g of
carbon, 0.962g of hydrogen and 2.478g of oxygen. Calculate the percentage of
each element present in this compound.

Ans: To find the percentage of each element:

Carbon: (5.217g / 8.657g) x 100 = 60.26%

Hydrogen: (0.962g / 8.657g) x 100 = 11.11%

Oxygen: (2.478g / 8.657g) x 100 = 28.63%

Descriptive Questions

Q.1 Which conditions must be fulfilled before writing a chemical equation for a
reaction?
The following points must be kept in mind while writing a chemical equation.

1. A chemical equation must obey the law of conservation of mass. This means that no
atom should be destroyed or produced during a chemical change. The total number and
the type of atoms must remain the same during a chemical change. Thus the total
number and kind of atoms on both sides of the equation must be equal or the chemical
equation must be balanced.

2. The formulas of elements and compounds must be written correctly.

3. A chemical equation must determine the correct mole ratio among the reactants, the
products and between the reactants and the products.

4. A chemical equation must also point out the direction in which the change is
proceeding.

5. It is a usual practice to show the normal physical states of reactants and products as
a subscript. Solid, liquid and gas are symbolized as s, I and g respectively. Aqueous
(aq) represents the solvated ion.

A chemical equation can, however, only be written if all the previous mentioned points
are experimentally verified. For example, the nature of the products and their correct
formulas must first be ascertained before writing a chemical equation. After the
experimental verification of all the information about a chemical change, we should now
be able to write a correct chemical equation.

Q.2. Explain the concept of Avogadro’s number and mole.

Avogadro’s number has an immense significance in Chemistry and the quantity of a

substance containing Avogadro’s number of particles (N)A is called a Mole. Mole is a
number like a dozen or a gross. A dozen of oranges means 12Oranges. Similarly, a
mole of a substance means its 6.022 x 1023 particles which can be atoms, molecules or
ions. When we use the term mole of a substance, we must also refer to what type of
particles are present in this substance.

Examples
A mole of carbon atoms contains 6.022 x 1023 atoms and weighs 12 g.

A mole of oxygen molecules (O2) contains 6.022 x 1023 molecules and weighs 32g.

A mole of sodium chloride (NaCl) consists of 6.022 x 1023 of its formula units and its
mass is 58.5 g.
Q.3 How many moles of coal are needed to produce 10 moles of CO according to
the following equation?

3C+O2+ H2O → H2 + 3CO

Mole of coal = ?

Mole of CO = 10

Mole ratio according to balanced chemical equation.

C : CO

3 :3

1 :1

So 10 mole of coal is required to produce 10 more of CO.

Q.4 How much SO2 is needed in grams to produce 10 moles of Sulphur?

2H2 S +SO2+ 
 2H2O+3S

SO2 mass in g =?

Mole of Sulphur = 10mole

Mole ratio according to balanced chemical equation.

SO2: S
1:3

X : 10
1
x10 = 3.33
3

Mole of SO2= 3.33

Mass in g = ?

Molar mass of SO2 =32+2(16)=64

Mass in g = Mole x Molar mass

= 3.33x64

=213.12g

213.12g SO2 is needed to produce 10 moles of Sulphur.

Q.5 How much ammonia is needed in grams to produce 1 kg of urea fertilizer?

2NH3 +CO2 
 CO(NH2)2+H2O

CO(NH2)2 mass = 1kg = 1000g

Mass of NH3= ?

Molar mass of NH3 = 14+3(1)= 17

Molar mass of CO (NH2)2 = 12+16+2(14)+4(1)

= 12+16+28+4 = 60
 NH3: CO(NH2)2 :: NH3 : CO(NH2)2
By comparing the masses according to balanced chemical equation.

34g: 60g :: x : 1000g

34x1000=60x x

x = 566.66g

566.66g ammonia is needed to produce 1 kg of urea fertilizer.

Q.6 Calculate the number of atom in following?

(a) Molar Mass of H2 = 2g / mol

3
Mole of H2= =1.5 mol
2
Number of molecule = mole x Na

= 1.5 x 6.02 x 1023

= 9.03 x 1023
Each molecule contain 2 atoms so

= 2 x 9.03 x 1023
= 18.06 x 1023

(b) 3.4 mole contain molecules = mole x NA

= 3.4 x 6.02 x 1023

= 20.468 x 1023

Each molecule contain 2 atoms so

2 x 20.468 x 1023

= 40.936 x 1023 atoms

(c) 10g of C6H12O6

Molar Mass = 180

10
Mole =  0.0556
180
No of molecule = mole x NA

0.0556 x 6.02 x 1023

= 0.334712 x 1023

Each molecule contain 24 atoms So

24 x 0.334712 x 1023

= 8.033088
MCQs Answers:
1. (a) 1.002 x 1023 atoms

2. (d) Ca3P2

3. (c) 6.002 x 1023

4. (d) CH2

5. (c) 0.255

6. (d) 3.01 x 1023

7. (c) 54 g
8. (b) N2H4

9. (c) C2H6

10. (c) 1.32 g