Answer Key
No C1 C2 Explanation
1 Valid Invalid Some educated are teachers; cannot say all educated are teachers.
2 Valid Valid No students are lazy → all lazy are not students.
3 Invalid Valid Some fruits are sweet → cannot conclude all sweet are fruits.
4 Valid Invalid Some hardworking are doctors, cannot say all hardworking are doctors.
Some interesting things are books, cannot conclude all interesting are
5 Invalid Valid
books.
6 Valid Invalid Some parks are vehicle-free, cannot say all parks are vehicle-free.
7 Invalid Valid Penguins may not fly; some flying animals are birds.
8 Invalid Valid Cannot conclude all intelligent people are students.
9 Valid Invalid Some plants are flowers, cannot conclude all plants are flowers.
10 Valid Valid All and some creatures living outside water are not fish.
11 Invalid Valid Cannot conclude all red things are cars.
12 Valid Invalid Some mortals are men; cannot conclude all mortals are men.
13 Invalid Valid Some tall things are trees, cannot conclude all.
14 Valid Invalid Some seas receive river water, cannot say all.
15 Invalid Valid Some colorful things are birds; cannot conclude all.
16 Valid Invalid Some responsible people are students, cannot say all.
17 Invalid Invalid Cannot conclude either way.
18 Invalid Valid Some sour things are fruits, cannot conclude all.
19 Valid Valid Flying animals are not dogs → both valid.
20 Valid Invalid Some closed places are shops, cannot conclude all.
21 Invalid Valid Some entertaining things are movies, cannot conclude all.
22 Valid Invalid Some mammals are cats, cannot conclude all.
Cannot
23 Invalid Cannot determine honesty = goodness.
say
24 Valid Valid No tree is artificial → all & some artificial are not trees.
25 Valid Invalid Some water bodies are rivers; cannot say all.
26 Invalid Valid Some white things are birds; cannot conclude all.
27 Valid Valid No pencils are pens → both valid.
28 Valid Invalid Some guided people are students; cannot say all.
29 Invalid Valid Some tall things are buildings; cannot conclude all.
30 Valid Valid No cars are bicycles → both valid.