Python Operators: Theory, Precedence
& Examples
1. Arithmetic Operators
Theory: These operators perform basic mathematical operations like addition, subtraction,
multiplication, etc.
Precedence: Highest → ** > *, /, //, % > +, -
Examples:
Addition (+): 5 + 3 = 8
Subtraction (-): 10 - 4 = 6
Multiplication (*): 6 * 2 = 12
Division (/): 10 / 2 = 5.0
Floor Division (//): 9 // 2 = 4
Modulus (%): 10 % 3 = 1
Exponentiation (**): 2 ** 3 = 8
2. Logical Operators
Theory: These are used to combine conditional statements. Returns True or False.
Precedence: not > and > or
Examples:
and: True and False = False
or: True or False = True
not: not True = False
3. Bitwise Operators
Theory: These work on bits (0s and 1s) of integers.
Precedence: ~ > << >> > & > ^ > |
Examples:
& (AND): 5 & 3 = 1
| (OR): 5 | 3 = 7
^ (XOR): 5 ^ 3 = 6
~ (NOT): ~5 = -6
<< (Left Shift): 5 << 1 = 10
>> (Right Shift): 5 >> 1 = 2
4. Relational Operators
Theory: Used to compare two values. Returns True or False.
Precedence: > >= < <= == !=
Examples:
== : 5 == 5 → True
!= : 5 != 3 → True
> : 5 > 2 → True
< : 3 < 5 → True
>= : 5 >= 5 → True
<= : 3 <= 5 → True
5. Membership Operators
Theory: Used to check if a value is present in a sequence (like string, list, etc.).
Precedence: Same as comparison operators
Examples:
'a' in 'apple' → True
'z' not in 'apple' → True
6. Identity Operators
Theory: Used to compare memory locations of two objects.
Precedence: Same as comparison operators
Examples:
a is b: True if a and b point to same object
a is not b: True if a and b point to different objects
7. Final Combined Example
Theory: Putting it all together in one example.
Precedence: Mixed usage of all types.
Examples:
a = 5; b = 3
if (a > b) and (a != b):
print('a is greater and not equal to b')
c = a + b # Arithmetic
print(c in [8, 9]) # Membership
print(a is b) # Identity