Web Technology
(Website Development)
Neeraj Kr. Gupta
Asstt. Prof.
IIMT, Meerut
Introduction
As the internet has become a vital part of
people's daily lives, web development has
become one of the most in-demand skills.
Companies today are looking for web
developers to build and maintain websites to
meet the wants and needs of their online
customers.
Introduction
1. Domain Names
2. Web Servers
3. Website Hosting
4. Website Development
What is the web/internet?
Internet is a network of networks. The web is a whole
bunch of interconnected computers talking to one another. The
computers (on the web) are typically connected by phone lines,
digital satellite signals, cables, and other types of data-transfer
mechanisms. A ‘data-transfer mechanism is a way to move
information from point A to point B to point C and so on.
The computers that make up the web can be connected
all the time (24/7), or they can be connected only periodically.
The computers that are connected all the time are typically
called a ‘server’.
Basically, the server computer has a bunch of web sites
loaded on it and it just waits for people (via web browsers) to
request or ask for a particular page. When the browser requests
a page the server sends it out.
How does the web surfer find a web site?
The short answer is by typing its URL (Uniform Resource
Locator), or in other words, the web site address. So for
example, if you wanted to find the web site [Link],
you would type in the address into your web browser’s address
bar or maybe use your ‘favorites’ or ‘bookmarks’ link.
If you don’t know website address then there are some
other ways also to find web sites (like search engines,) but
behind the scenes web sites are all being found by going to the
web site’s official address.
Therefore, now we must be knowing: how does a
website get an official address so that the rest of the web can
find it? By registering a domain name you can get an official
address for your web site on WWW. With this ‘official’ address,
the rest of the web can find you.
Getting your web site ‘live’ on the Web
To make your website live on the web, you are required
to perform following two steps :
1. Register your domain.
2. Rent some server space(Web Hosting).
Registering Domain/Web Hosting
To register a domain name involves registering the name you
want with an organization called ICANN (Internet Corporation for
Assigned Names and Numbers) through a domain name registrar. For
example, if you choose a name like “[Link]", you should go to a
registrar, pay a registration fee that costs around 10 USD per year for
that name. That will give you the right to the domain name for a year.
You should renew it annually for the same amount per annum.
Some webhosts will register your domain name for free, if you
purchase a hosting plan from them.
Some of the biggest registrars where you can register your
domain are given below −
Domain Registration Service India - with the URL [Link]
GoDaddy - with the URL [Link]
Name – with the URL [Link]
iPage – with the URL [Link]
BlueHost – with the URL [Link]
Hostgator – with the URL [Link]
Designing/Developing a Website
Following are the main technologies which are used
to design/develop a web site :
1. HTML
2. CSS
3. Java Script
4. Advance Web Technologies (Servlet, JSP, [Link], PhP etc.)
HTML
HTML or HyperText Markup Language is the
standard markup language used to create web pages. It is written
in the form of HTML elements consisting of tags enclosed in angle
brackets (like <html>). HTML tags most commonly come in pairs
like <h1>and </h1>, although some tags represent empty
elements and so are unpaired, for example <img>. The first tag in a
pair is the start tag, and the second tag is the end tag (they are
also called opening tags and closing tags).
Web browsers can read HTML files and compose them into
visible or audible web pages. Browsers do not display the HTML
tags and scripts, but use them to interpret the content of the page.
HTML and CSS are the foundational languages of the
internet. Every web page is written in HTML. It tells the web
browser how to organize and structure the web page. CSS controls
the visual layout of websites.
HTML Versions
• Since the early days of the web, there have been many versions of
HTML:
VERSION YEAR
HTML 1991
HTML 2.0 1995
HTML 3.2 1997
HTML 4.01 1999
XHTML 2000
HTML 5 2012