READ THE PROBLEM 3 TIMES BEFORE STARTING TO SOLVE IT

NANCY EBNER GERSCHBERG

Problem 1.-
Given the following scheme, determine if the current W enters or leaves the system and calculate its
composition.
W

F = 100 lb P = 60 lb
50% Ethanol 80% ethanol
10% MeOH 15 % MeOH
40% H2O 5 % H2O

Problem 2.-
Given the following scheme, determine whether current B enters or leaves the system, calculate the mass flow rate.
of currents B and C.
B=?
22 % MeOH
78% H2O

A = 100 kg/s C=?

50% EtOH 91 % Ethanol
10% MeOH 9 % H2O
40 % H2O

Problem 3.-
A gas contains 5 mol% of C. 3H89% molar of C4H1016% molar of 0235% molar of N2and the
rest of H20. Calculate the weight composition of this gas on a wet basis and on a dry basis.

Problem 4.-
A gas contains 5% by weight of C.3H89% by weight of C4H1016% by weight of 0235% by weight of N2y
the rest of H20. Calculate the molar composition of this gas on a wet basis and on a dry basis.

Problem 5.-
An evaporator is fed with an aqueous solution that contains approximately 15%
solids, to produce a concentrated solution with 35% solids. Determine:
How much water evaporates per ton of feed
ii. The amount of product obtained per ton of feed

Problem 6.-
A portable fruit dryer installed in the Elqui Valley receives a certain amount of fruit pulp.
with 80% water. After removing 100 pounds of water, it was determined that the pulp still contained 40.
% of water. It is requested to calculate the weight of the initial pulp.

Subject: Balance Unit II: Mass Balances

 READ 3 TIMES EACH PROBLEM BEFORE STARTING TO SOLVE IT
Problem 7.-
A portable papaya dryer, installed in the Elqui Valley, is designed to process material.
First with 80% water, delivering 50 kg/h of product that contains 28% water. Calculate the
amount of raw material that should be fed to the dryer, in kg/h.

Problem 8.
It was found that a wet pulp contained 71% water. After the drying process, it was determined
that 60% of the original water had been removed. Calculate:
a.- The composition of the dry pulp
b.- The amount of water removed per pound of fed wet pulp

Problem 9.-
A solution of 8% NaOH is desired by diluting a 20% NaOH solution in water.
pure. Determine:
a.- The quotient g of water/g of the supplied NaOH solution.
b.- g quotient of solution product/g of NaOH solution supplied.
c.- The feed rates of the 20% NaOH solution and the dilution water that are
they require to produce 2310 lb/min of the 8% NaOH solution.

Problem 10.-
A pulp dryer receives 1000 lb/h of pulp that contains 90% moisture to deliver as
producing a pulp with 25% moisture. Create a diagram of the process and determine:
The amount of product that comes out of the dryer per week considering a working schedule of
Monday to Friday with 8 hours daily
ii. The amount of water that should be eliminated per day

Problem 11.-
A 50% weight sulfuric acid solution is to be prepared, where the following is available:
Ice at 32 ºF
H2SO4at 80% to 100°F
H2SO4at 30 %p at 100 ºF

What amount of each should be added to prepare 1000 lb of the 50 %p solution with a
final temperature of 100 F, if during the process the mixture does not get heated or cooled.

Problem 12.-
In part of the process of obtaining granulated sugar, the wet sugar that contains 20% water is
passes through a dryer where 75% of the water is removed. Calculate:
a.- The composition of the sugar flow that comes out of the dryer
b.- The reason water removed/moist sugar fed to the dryer
If the dryer were fed with 1000 tons/day of wet sugar, how much water should be added?
Remove from the dryer so that the outgoing sugar is completely dry?

Asignatura: Balance II Unit: Material Balances 2

 READ THE PROBLEM 3 TIMES BEFORE STARTING TO SOLVE IT
Problem 13.-
An organic solution with 28% acetone and the rest benzene is desired. To achieve this, it is mixed
a solution that contains 10% acetone and 90% benzene, with another that contains 40% acetone
and 60% benzene.
a.- Draw and label a flowchart of this process
b.- What feed flows are required to produce 1000 kg/h of product?

Problem 14.-
Strawberries contain about 15% solids and 85% water. To prepare strawberry jam,
Crushed strawberries are mixed with sugar in a weight ratio of 4:5, then the mixture is heated.
to evaporate the water until the residue contains one third by weight of water.
A. Draw the flowchart of this process
B. Determine how many pounds of strawberries are needed to produce one pound of jam.

Problem 15.-
A mixture that contains 34% by weight of acetone (CH3COCH333% acetic acid (CH)3COOH) y
33% of acetic anhydride [(CH3CO)2It feeds a distillation tower at a rate of 15000 kg/h.
The distillate, also called the head or top product, can be considered as pure acetone and
the background product contains 1% of the fed acetone. Determine:
i. The flow of distillate, in kg/h.
ii. The composition of the background current, in % by weight.

Problem 16.-
A distillation tower is used to purify benzene coming from a flow of 100 kg/h,
que contiene 50 % en peso de benceno y 50 % en peso de tolueno. Si el producto de tope tiene una
Benzene composition of 85% by weight and the bottom product contains 10.6% by weight of benzene.
Calculate the mass flows of the top product and the bottom product of the tower, in kg/h.

Problem 17.-
A flow that contains 25% by weight of methanol in water is mixed with a second flow that contains
10% methanol in water, to form a product that contains 17% methanol.
a.- Choose a suitable calculation basis, make a diagram of the process and calculate the relationship kg of the
17% solution made by mixing 25% solution per kg.
b.- How many kg/h of each feed flow are required to produce 1250 kg/h of product?

Problem 18.-
In a salt concentration plant, there is a solution that contains 10% NaCl and 20%
of KCl that is concentrated until obtaining a solution that contains 30% NaCl, in an operation in
the one where 200 kg of water evaporate. The resulting solution is sent to a stirrer where it is adjusted
the concentration by adding 200 kg of an aqueous KCl concentrate that contains 90% of said salt.
I. Make an outline of the process
II. Determine the composition of the final product of the process

Subject: Balance Unit II: Material Balances 3

 READ 3 TIMES EACH PROBLEM BEFORE STARTING TO SOLVE IT
Problem 19.-
In a salt concentration plant, there is 800 Kg/h of an aqueous solution that contains
10% NaCl and 20% KCl, which is concentrated in an evaporator, to obtain a solution that
contains 35% of KCl, in an operation where pure water is evaporated. To adjust the concentration
final, la solución que sale del evaporador se hace llegar a un estanque mezclador, donde se ajusta la
concentration by adding an aqueous concentrate of KCl that contains 85% of said salt.
a.- Make a schematic of the process
b.- Determine la cantidad de agua que se evapora en el evaporador
.- Determine the composition of the solution that comes out of the process
d.- Determine the amount of aqueous KCl concentrate that should be added.

3
Problem 20.-
100 % A
For the distillation column that is
1 shows in the attached flowchart,
2140 Kg/h
4
determine the percentage of compound B in
3%B
97 % C 1200 Kg/h the current 4.
70 % A
2
30% B + C
5300 Kg/h
50% A 60 % B
50 % B 5 40% C

Problem 21.- 3
100 % A
For the distillation column shown in
1
the attached flowchart, 32% of
1712 Kg/h compound A fed exits through the current
4
3%B lateral 4. Determine the percentage of the compound
97 % C 960 kg/h
70 % A B in current 4.
2
30% B + C
50% A
50% B
5
60% B
40 % C
Problem 22.
30 kg/h 40 kg/h
60 % A 2 6 90% A For the process shown in the
40% B 10% B
figure, make the balances that are needed
necessary and determine with them the
3 4 7
1 T-1 T-2 flow, in kg/h and the composition of the
100 kg/h
50 % A currents 1, 3 and 4. Tabulate your
30 kg/h 50 % B results.
5 30 % A
70 % B

Asignatura: Balance Unit II: Material Balances 4

 READ 3 TIMES EACH PROBLEM BEFORE STARTING TO SOLVE IT
Problem 23.-
40 Kg/h 30 kg/h
2 90 % A 6 60 % A For the distillation process
10 % B 40 % B continues from two units shown in
the figure, determine the flow, in Kg/h and
1
3 4
T-2
7 the composition of currents 3, 4 and
T-1
100 Kg/h
7. Table your results.
50% A
50% B 5
30 Kg/h
30% A
70 % B

Problem 24.-
In a gasoline plant section, isopentane is removed according to the scheme of the
Figure. For every 100 kg that are fed into the system at A, calculate:
a.- The amount of isopentane that comes out of the isopentane eliminator
b.- The flow that exits in current F
C
B Eliminator 100% Isopentane

A D F 90% n-pentane
70% n-pentane SEPARATOR Mixer 10% isopentane
30% isopentane

Problem 25.
A distillation column is fed with one thousand kilograms per hour of a mixture that contains parts
equal in weight of benzene (C6H6and toluene (C7H8The flow rate of the product that exits through the
the top of the distillation column is 488 kg/h, and the product that exits from the bottom
The column contains 7.11% by weight of benzene. Remember that there are no chemical reactions in this.
process. Create a diagram of the distillation unit and calculate:
The weight fraction and the molar fraction of benzene in all streams.
b. The molar flow rates (kgmol/h) in each stream.

Problem 26.-
V
A distillation column separates 10000 kg/h of a mixture.
50% benzene and 50% toluene (F). The recovered product D
C
from the condenser contains 95% benzene, while
the current that exits from the bottom of the column (W), contains R D
C
96% Toluene. F O
The steam flow V entering the condenser is 8000 L
U
kg/h. A portion of the condenser's output is returned to the M
column (R), while the other is withdrawn as a product N
Determine the value of the quotient R/D at the output of A

capacitor. W

Asignatura: Balance Unit II: Material Balances 5

 READ THE PROBLEM 3 TIMES BEFORE STARTING TO SOLVE IT
Problem 27.-
A mixture of three organic compounds; benzene (B), toluene (T), and xylene (X), is separated by
continuous fractional distillation in two distillation columns. In the first one, the product is obtained as
of the top 80% of the fed benzene. The second tower is fed with 1700 lb/h, of which a
60% sale as a top product. Calculate:
i. The feed flow to the system, in lb/h, and its composition.
ii. The amount of benzene, lb/h, obtained in the first column as top product.
iii. The amount of xylene obtained in the second tower as a tail product, in lb/h.
XB2= 96 % XB4= 2 %
XT2= 4 % XT4= 97 %
XX4= 1 %
T T
O O
R R
R R
E E

I II
XT5= 1 %
XX5= 99 %

Problem 28.-
The figure shows a separation unit by fractional distillation that operates in two stages.
Given a feed of 1000 lb/h, calculate the flow of stream F2 and its composition.
3 4
1% Toluene 95% Toluene
99% Benzene 5% Benzene
T T
1 O O
R R
40% Toluene R R
40% Benzene E E
20% Xylene
2 II 10% Toluene
I 90% Xylene

Problem 29.-
A distillation unit consisting of two distillation columns is fed with a mixture.
liquid that contains 30% mol of benzene (B), 25% mol of Toluene (T), and 45% mol of
xylene (X), at a rate of 1275 kgmol/h. The bottom product of the first column contains 99
% in moles of xylene and none of benzene; in this stream, 98% of the fed xylene is recovered. The
The top product of the first column feeds the second column. The top product of the
the second column contains 99% by mol of benzene and no xylene. The benzene recovered in this
current represents 96% of the benzene in the feed of this column.
i. Create a diagram of the distillation unit
ii. Calculate the molar flow rates (kgmol/h) and the molar fractions of the components in
each current. Tabulate your results. Remember that there are no chemical reactions in this process.

Subject: Balance Unit II: Material Balances 6

 READ THE PROBLEM THREE TIMES BEFORE STARTING TO SOLVE IT
Problem 30.-
Fresh orange juice contains 12% by weight of solids and the rest is water; while the juice of
orange concentrate contains 40% by weight of solids. The process of concentrating orange juice
conducted in an evaporator. The preliminary manufacturing experiences were carried out by concentrating the juice.
fresh from 12% to 40% by weight, however the volatile components evaporated along with the water
leaving the concentrate tasteless. Given the above, a process was chosen in which a fraction of the
Fresh juice bypasses the evaporator while another portion is concentrated in it until it contains 58%.
solids. This product is mixed with the diverted fresh juice to achieve the final concentration of
solids (40 %).
A. Calculate the concentrated juice produced from every 100 kg of fresh juice fed.
B. Calculate the fraction of the feed that deviates from the evaporator.

Problem 31.
In Brazil, a large amount of concentrated orange juice is produced, which contains 42% by weight of
solids, from fresh juice that contains 12% by weight of solids and the rest is water. The juice of
concentrated orange is exported to the USA where water is added back, before then being packaged and sold in
200 cc bottles, containing 250 grams of juice.
A. Make an outline of the process that takes place in the United States.
B. Calculate the amount of water that should be added to the concentrated juice to restore its condition.
original, for every 100 kg of concentrated juice.
C. Determine the number of 200 cc bottles that can be filled per 100 Kg of juice.
concentrate that arrives in the United States.

Problem 32.-
The salt contained in crude oil must be removed before processing it in a refinery. The oil
Raw is fed into a washing unit where fresh water supplied to the unit mixes with the
oil and dissolves a portion of the salt it contains. The oil (which contains a bit of salt but
nothing but water), being less dense than water, can be removed from the top of the washer. The water
The washing water that comes from the unit contains 15% salt and the crude feed contains 5% salt.
determine the salt concentration in the 'washed' petroleum product if the ratio of crude oil (with
The freshwater used is at a ratio of 4:1.

Problem 33.-
A tank operates with 10,000 lb of a saturated NaHCO solution.3At 60°C. It is desired to crystallize 500 lb.
from NaHCO3From this solution, at what temperature should the solution be cooled?
Solubility data of NaHCO3in water
Temperatura ( ºC ) 10 20 30 40 50 60
Solubility (g NaHCO)3/100g H2O) 8.15 9.60 November 12.7010 14.45 16.40

Problem 34.-
The solubility of sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO)3in water is 9.6 g/100 g of water at 20 ºC and
16.4 g/100 g of water at 60 ºC. If a saturated solution of NaHCO is cooled.3from 60 ºC to 20 ºC,
What percentage of the dissolved salt crystallizes?

Asignatura: Balance Unit II: Material Balances 7

 READ 3 TIMES EACH PROBLEM BEFORE STARTING TO SOLVE IT
Problem 35.-
Carbon disulfide, CS2separates from a gas in an absorption tower. The gas that contains 15%
CS molar285% molar of N2it feeds into the tower where it comes into contact with pure benzene,
what absorbs the CS2but not the N2Benzene enters the tower in a molar ratio of 2:1 with respect to
the feed gas. The gas that comes out of the absorption tower contains 2 mol% of CS.2y 3% molar
of benzene.
a.-Calculate the fraction of CS 2what is recovered in the process
b.- Calculate the percentage of benzene that is lost in the product in the form of vapor.

Problem 36.
Sylvinite (42.7% NaCl, the rest KCl) dissolves in 1000 pounds of water and then is cooled to induce
the crystallization. The composition of the crystals is 72.1% KCl, 0.5% NaCl, and 27.4% H2Oh. If
They obtain 727 pounds of crystals. The remaining mother liquor contains 50% water and 50% salts.
The operation is performed at 30.12” of Hg pressure. Draw the flow diagram and calculate:
the pounds of sylvanite used
ii. The composition of the final solution
iii. The percentage of KCl recovered

Problem 37.
In the production of aluminum from bauxite ore, a crucial step is the separation of the
alumina from mineral impurities. In the Bayer process, this is achieved by treating
bauxite with NaOH in solution, to produce NaAlO2Due to the NaAlO2it is soluble in water,
but not the residual components of bauxite ore, a separation can be achieved by leaving
settling said minerals and decanting the aqueous solution of NaAlO2the NaOH that did not react. For
recover something more from the NaALO2what remained in the solution caught between the settled solids, is washed out
this "mud" repeatedly with water, is allowed to settle and the wash water is decanted. The figure shows
a stage of this washing and settling process.
At this stage, a feed slurry containing 10% solids, 11% NaOH, 16%
of NaAlO2and the rest water, with a washing water flow that contains 2% NaOH, for
to produce a decanted solution free of solids, consisting of 95% water and a settled sludge with 20
% solids. Calculate the amount of NaAlO.2what is recovered in the decanted solution, if it is fed
slurry at a rate of 1000 lb/h.
grout Washing water

Tank
of washing

Decanted solution

Pool of
sedimentation

Washed mud

Asignatura: Balance Unit II: Material Balances 8

 READ THE PROBLEM 3 TIMES BEFORE STARTING TO SOLVE IT
Problem 38.-
It is about simple flotation concentration, with the addition of 42.5 g of reagent per ton of ore.
a lead mineral that has previously been ground to obtain the appropriate grain size for the
flotation process. The compositions of the raw material for flotation, of the concentrate and of the
the residues are the following:

% Raw Material Concentrated Waste

Component
Saint Petersburg 30 90 0.9
SZn 20 5 27.3
CaCO3 40 3 57.9
SiO2 10 2 13.9

Water is added to the unit at a rate of 4.6 m.3 per ton of dry concentrate, yielding 99%
of the water with the waste and the other 1% with the concentrate. It is desired to know:
A. The amount of wet concentrate produced per hour, if the unit is fed at a rate of 10 tons.
of mineral every 24 hours
The total necessary water, in kg/h
C. The fraction of lead contained in the ore that is lost in the residues

Lead Ore Water

Flocculant
Concentrated

Waste

Problem 39.-
The process of obtaining a pigment mainly consists of a liquid-extraction stage.
liquid, followed by a distillation stage where the pigment comes out practically pure. In the stage
For extraction, the pigment dissolved in a light oil is brought into contact with a solvent, acetone.
pure, which "drags" 70% of the supplied pigment. In the second stage, the pigment is separated from
the acetone, with the pigment coming out from the bottom of the distillation tower and the acetone from the top of the
same.
i. Determine the flow of raw material, F1what is necessary to feed to produce 1000 kg/h of
pure pigment.
Yes, a good pigment drag is achieved by using 3 parts of acetone for 2 parts by weight of
oil solution, F1determine the amount of acetone to be fed, F4.

Problem 40.
For irrigation purposes, brackish water is desalinated by evaporation. If water is fed with
600 ppm of salt and only 50 ppm are allowed in irrigation water, what fraction of feed is allowed?
Can it bypass the evaporation process?

Asignatura: Balance Unit II: Mass Balances 9

 READ 3 TIMES EACH PROBLEM BEFORE STARTING TO SOLVE IT

Problem 41.-
A lubricating oil is formed by mixing 350 lbs/min of grade A oil in a stirred tank, certain
amount of grade B oil and 85 lbs/min of grade C oil. The mixture is extracted at a rate of 525
lbs/min at 70 ºF and 1 ata.
i. Make a diagram of the process.
ii. Determine the amount of grade B oil, in lbs/min, that should be fed to the tank to
maintain the system in a steady state.
iii. If at a given moment the amount of oil in the pond is 10,000 pounds and extraction begins
oil at a rate of 1000 lbs/min, keeping the feed flows at the levels at which they
Originally found, it is asked to determine how long it would take for the pond to be empty.

Problem 42.
For the crystallization process shown in the figure, it is requested to calculate:
a.-The weight fraction of KNO 3in the recycling stream
b.- The mass flow of the recycle stream
c.- The amount of water evaporated
Evaporated water

10000 lb/h of KNO crystals3

solution to the Solution to the with 4% water
20% KNO3 50% of KNO3 CRYSTALLIZER
EVAPORATOR

Saturated solution at 100 F

Solubility 0.6 lb/lb water

Problem 43.-
In the concentration of HNO3the process indicated in the figure is followed. If you want to prepare 1000
lb/h of HNO3At 99%, create a table with the flows, in lb/h, for each of the streams.
of the system and their composition.
1000 lb/h
HNO399%
C H2O 1%

HNO360% A
H2The 40 %

Mg(NO3)255 %
HNO3 HNO32 %
H 2O H2O 98 %
B
Mg(NO3)272 %
HNO3 11%
H 2O 17 %

Subject: Balance Unit II: Material Balances 10

 READ 3 TIMES EACH PROBLEM BEFORE YOU START SOLVING IT
Problem 44.-
Given the following scheme, determine the amount of final product P and its composition.
A = 670 lb air/s
21% molar of O2
79 % molar of N2
CO2
F = 16 lb/s P=? N2
100 % CH4 H2O
O2

Problem 45.-
The reaction between ethylene (C2H4) and hydrogen bromide (HBr) is carried out in a continuous reactor.
Al analizar el flujo de productos se encontró que contiene 50 % molar de C2H5Br and 33.3% of HBr. The
The reactor feed contains only ethylene and hydrogen bromide. Determine:
a.- The conversion percentage of the limiting reagent
b.- The percentage in excess of the non-limiting reagent

Problem 46.
In a chemical reactor, where an 80% conversion of the limiting reactant is achieved, the production of the
oxidation of ammonia according to the following reaction:
NH3+ O2 N2+ H2O
Yes, 300 kg/h of ammonia and 2500 kg/h of air (21% O) are fed.2y 79 % N2, in moles), determine:
i. Write the chemical reaction with the corresponding stoichiometric coefficients.
ii. What is the limiting reactant.
iii. The composition of the reactor's output current.
iv. The excess percentage of the non-limiting reagent that is fed into the reactor.

Data: MN= 14 MThe16 M H= 1 Mair= 29

Problem 47.
For the silver extraction process shown in the figure, in which silver sulfate is the reagent.
limiting, it is requested to calculate:
The excess copper used based on the feed to the reactor
ii. The mass flow of recycle
Cu CuSO4

Ag2SO4 1000 lb/h

REACTOR SEPARATOR
CONVERSION 75 % At 90%
Ag2SO4 With 10 %

Problem 48.
A paint mixture that contains 25% of a pigment and the rest water costs $
1200/kg, and a mixture that contains 10% pigment costs $700/kg.
a.- If a paint manufacturer produces a mixture with 15% pigment from the mixtures
As specified earlier, at what price should the mixture at 15% be sold to make a profit?
of 10%? Consider all percentages based on weight.
b.- In what proportions are the original mixtures added to produce a resulting mixture at 15%?
Subject: Balance Unit II: Material Balances 11
 READ THE PROBLEM 3 TIMES BEFORE STARTING TO SOLVE IT
Problem 49.-
In a metallurgical plant, hydrogen (H) is used.2) to reduce 1 ton/h of ferric oxide. The H2fresco
which contains 1% by weight of carbon dioxide (CO2It mixes with H2I recycle before returning to
Send it to the reactor. A purge is removed in order to prevent the concentration of CO.2is superior to
2.5% at the reactor entrance. The molar ratio of recycled gas to fresh gas is 4:1. Calculate the amount.
and composition of the purge.
Fe2O3 H2O

Iron
Purge
REACTOR SEPARATOR

Fresh gas

Problem 50.-
In a certain process, it is required to generate the reactants AB and B.2The
substances AB, B and A2son
completely soluble in water while B2it is completely insoluble in the same medium. The
the reaction that predicts the formation of these compounds is:
A2+ B ——> AB + B2
The process consists of a reactor that is fed by the mixture of a fresh stream with another one of
recirculation. The molar ratio between these two flows is 20:17. The fresh feed contains 50.7
% of B, 14.3% of A2and 35% water. The reactor operates with a conversion of 40% regarding the
limiting.
The reactor product is fed to a filter (solid-liquid separator) where the entire compound
Insoluble is removed accompanied by 10% of the solution that enters the filter. The other discharge stream
From the filter (only solution) is sent to a separator, which recovers all the AB through one stream, and by
Another, the recycle stream to the reactor. The recycle stream contains 35.29% of A.2and a
5.88% of B. The rest is water.
According to the above:
A.-Draw the flowchart of the process and locate the known and unknown variables on it.
scheme. List the currents, and clearly specify the unknowns that you will use.
B.- Set up the mass balances for all subsystems.
C.- Solve the mass balance by calculating the value of all flows and compositions.
Present them in an organized table.
D.-Calculate the percentage of AB in the separator product with respect to the total generated.
E.-Calculate the recirculated fraction with respect to the feed to the separator.
F.-Calculate the mass ratio between insoluble solids and the solution produced by the reactor.

Problem 51.-
Alunite is a compound that contains aluminum with the formula 3Al.2O3*K2O*4SO36H2O. A
Analysis of a mineral that contains alunite shows that it contains 23% by weight of alumina (Al2O3The
the mineral is chemically treated to precipitate most of the aluminum as Al(OH)3The
precipitate is separated and roasted to produce alumina, which is then dissolved in a salt bath
melted, and electrolysis is carried out to obtain pure aluminum. Knowing that in the process it
recovers 88% of the aluminum contained in the ore as metal (Al), make a diagram of the process
Describe and calculate the tons of ore required to produce one ton of metal.
Pesos Atómicos: Al = 27 O = 16 K = 39 S = 32 H=1

Asignatura: Balance Unit II: Material Balances 12

 READ EACH PROBLEM THREE TIMES BEFORE STARTING TO SOLVE IT
Problem 52.
On the Happy Chicken farm, hen eggs are separated into two sizes (large, 'G' and extra)
large, "E"). Unfortunately, the business has not been doing well lately, and when the machine to separate
farm eggs spoiled, there were no funds to replace it. Instead, they were given to
Don Alfredo, one of the employees of the farm with the best view, two rubber stamps, the one that says 'G'
for the right hand and the one that says 'E' for the left hand, and he was asked to mark each egg
with the appropriate label as they passed through a conveyor belt. At the end of it, another
The employee would place each egg in the box corresponding to the brand. The system worked.
reasonably well, except that Don Alfredo has a heavy hand and, on average, breaks 30% of
the 120 eggs that pass through their hands every minute. In the same time frame, the flow of
Extra large eggs are 70 eggs/min, of which 25 eggs/min break.
i. Draw and label a flow diagram of this process
ii. Write and solve the balances of total eggs and broken eggs of the system
iii. Determine the number of large eggs that leave the plant per minute
iv. Is Don Alfredo left-handed or right-handed? Justify your answer.

Problem 53.
Things were going well at the Philpott Pharmaceutical pilot plant during the midnight shift.
5 a.m., until Enrique Antropoide, the reactor operator, left the instruction manual very
near the Bunsen burner, with which he heated his coffee. The story turned fiery.
when the instruction manual, the coffee, and an important part of the left sleeve of the gown
The anthropoid burned completely. Remembering the anger of his supervisor when he called him.
At midnight for the last time, Anthropoid decided to trust his memory with the instructions to continue.
the operation. I adjust the flow rate of cyclohexane, CH (M = 84 kg/kgmol, ρ = 779 kg/m3) a
11.0 l/min, and that of tetrahydrofuran, THF (M = 216 kg/kgmol, ρ = 1300 kg/m35.0 l/min.
Anthropoid should have remembered two important things regarding the mixing of these reagents: The
The mass fraction of THF in the mixture of reagents should be 0.25 and yes, the molar fraction of THF.
if it exceeds 0.3, the mixture explodes.
Determine:
A. A diagram of the process.
B. Did the anthropoid have a bad memory? Justify your answer, did it realize it had a bad memory?
quickly from their mistake? Justify your answer.

Problem 54.-
A company in the Dairy Industry produces dry casein which in its wet state contains 23.7%
moisture. This wet casein is sold at US$ 8.00/100 lb of wet casein. To diversify the
production, the company also dries this casein to obtain a product that contains 10%
humidity. Their drying costs are US$ 0.80/100 lb of water removed. What should the price be
sale of dry casein if you wish to maintain the same profit margin?
Remember:
The profits are equal to the selling price minus the costs: U = P - C
There are two costs that appear in the problem: Cost of producing wet casein, Cp, and Cost of
drying, Cs, where: C = Cp + Cs

Subject: Balance Unit II: Material Balances 13

 READ 3 TIMES EACH PROBLEM BEFORE STARTING TO SOLVE IT
Problem 55.
The protein sources from oilseeds include soy, cotton, peanuts, sunflower, copra, canola,
sesame, castor, and flax. Generally, the separation of oil from the paste (flour) is carried out by
solvent extraction.
When cotton is used, the analysis of the cotton seed is 4% husk, 10% fiber, 37%
flour and 49% oil. During the extraction stage, 2 pounds of solvent (hexane) must be used.
for each pound of clean seeds.
For every ton of raw seeds processed, determine the amounts of oil and flour.
oil-free that are produced, as well as the amount of hexane that must be recirculated through the
extraction unit.
Oil-rich solvent
Seeds
clean
Raw seeds Cleaning Extraction Recovery Pure oil
of for of
seeds solvent solvent

Shells, fiber
Clean solvent
Fresh solvent
Oil-free pasta
contains 0.5% solvent

Problem 56.-
Liquid water and air enter a humidification chamber where the water completely evaporates. The
The air at the entrance contains 1.0% water, 20.8% O2and the rest of N2(in lbmol) and the humid air, which
leaves the chamber, contains 10.0% water. Make a diagram of the process and determine the amount of
required water, in ft3to humidify 200 lbmol/min of incoming air

Problem 57.-
In a manufacturing company, tannins are obtained by treating the finely ground bark of trees.
with hot water. The original bark contains 4% water, 37% tannins, and 23% substances
water-soluble substances that are not tannins. The residue (the used bark) removed from the pond of
extraction contains 62% moisture, 2.8% tannins, and 0.9% soluble substances that are not
tannins. Make a diagram of the extraction process and determine the percentage of tannins in the bark
original that remains without extraction in the residue.

Problem 58.
A distillation unit consisting of two distillation columns is fed with a mixture.
liquid that contains 30% in moles of benzene (B), 25% in moles of toluene (T), and 45% in moles of
xylene (X) at a rate of 1275 kgmol/h. The bottom product of the first column contains 99
% in moles of xylene and no benzene; in this stream, 98% of the fed xylene is recovered.
The top product of the first column feeds the second column. The top product of the
The second column contains 99% mol of benzene and no xylene. The benzene recovered in this
The current represents 96% of the benzene in the feed of this column. There is a diagram of the
distillation unit and calculate the molar flow rates (kgmol/h) and the molar fractions of the
components in each current. Tabulate your results. Remember that there are no chemical reactions.

Subject: Balance Unit II: Material Balances 14

 READ 3 TIMES EACH PROBLEM BEFORE STARTING TO SOLVE IT
Problem 59.-
The attached diagram shows the shirt washing process used in the Service.
Laundry 'Finally Clean S.A.'. The shirts are soaked in a washing tank that contains
Elf, the magic detergent, and then they are squeezed and sent to dry. The dirty Elf pretends to be
through a filter where most of the dirt is extracted, allowing part of the Duende to recirculate.
Dirty shirts with
2% dirt 1 2 Clean Shirts

Dirt with
6 10% Goblin
90% Goblin
Washing Tank Filter
4
97% Goblin
3 Fresh Elf Recycled duende 5
100% Duende

Data:
The washing removes 95% of the dirt
For every 100 kg of dirty shirts, 25 kg of Duende comes out with the clean shirts.
Questions:
How much fresh Duende should be added for every 100 kg of dirty shirts?
What is the composition of the recirculation flow?

Problem 60.
In the absorber shown in the figure, propane is recovered from a gas mixture that contains
5% in moles of propane and 95% in moles of air, placing it in contact with liquid n-decane. During the
During the process, 98% of the propane fed into the absorber is absorbed. Knowing that 3 are fed in.
moles of pure n-decane per mole of inlet gas, assuming that the outlet gas does NOT contain
n-decano, determine the mole composition of the Gas and Liquid Outlet of the absorption tower.
Input Liquid Exit Gas
pure n-decanol GS (mol/h)
LE (mol/h)

TOWER
DE
ABSORPTION

Exit liquid Inlet Gas

LS (mol/h) 5% in mol of propane
GE (mol/h)

Problem 61.-
A solution of 48% hexane and 52% isooctane will undergo an extraction process.
solvent in countercurrent in several stages, to obtain two products: an extract that contains 60
30% hexane, 30% S.O.S., and 10% isooctane, and a refined product that contains 28% hexane, 4% of
S.O.S. and the rest isooctane. As a solvent, S.O.S. is used and the process occurs in such a way that by
For every 100 kg of fresh feed, 25 kg of solvent is consumed, which contains 8% hexane and 92
% of S.O.S. Determine the amounts of extract and refined product obtained in the process when
The solvent extraction process is fed with 235 kg/h of a 48% hexane solution.

Subject: Balance Unit II: Material Balances 15