Illustrated Quick Reference Guide Topic: Introduction to Computer Science

Prepared by: Jhonny E. Solano N. – Eng. Dairo Rodríguez Blanco Module: Office Automation
Reserved Copyright Rights ® Page No.1

GENERAL INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER SCIENCE

What is computer science?
It is called Computing to the automatic processing of information.
Currently, information is considered the most valuable resource.
of humanity and is mainly managed through computers.
From the above, it is deduced that the computer is the center of Informatics,
a device that can control other equipment, devices, or machines, such as
telephones, recording devices, sensors, satellites, robots, machines
industrial, medical equipment, household appliances, etc.

THE COMPUTER AND ITS COMPONENTS

WHAT IS A COMPUTER?
The computer is a machine with electrical functions and
electronics that receives information, interprets it,
process and deliver the obtained results and that also
has storage capacity.
The main characteristics of computers are:
Their work speed: they process large amounts of
information in a short time.
Their storage capacity: they have a wide
capacity to store the processed information.

CLASSIFICATION OF COMPUTERS
Computers, according to their origin or manufacturing, are classified as:
Branded computers: they are those in which all their components, internal and external, are from
the same manufacturer. These devices operate with the so-called 'closed technology,' currently
many brand equipment manufacturers have revalued this concept with the intention of achieving a
increase in their sales and to provide their customers with one more advantage by being able to repair their equipment with
parts from other manufacturers.
Clone computers: they are those machines that have components that are not all from the same manufacturer.
manufacturer, but that are compatible with the IBM factory PC platform. These machines
they manage the so-called 'open technology'.

According to their size and processing capacity, computers are classified into:

Microcomputers: Commonly known as PCs (personal computers) and are the type of
most widespread computers. There are 'Desktop' types and those called 'Laptops'.

Minicomputers: They can have multiple processors. They are used in network administration.
computers. They use multi-user operating systems with many variants and manufacturers.

Mainframes: They use large databases in large corporate networks. They have large
storage devices such as hard drives of over 1 Terabyte and security tapes.

Supercomputers: They are very powerful machines that allow simultaneous multi-user usage and have
hundreds or thousands of terminals. They have information storage capabilities on the hard drive
of 15, 20, or 30 Exabytes (thousand gigabytes) and handle millions of simultaneous access orders
informative. They have up to thousands of processors working in parallel to increase their
efficiency.
 Illustrated quick work guide Topic: Introduction to Computer Science
Prepared by: Jhonny E. Solano N. – Eng. Dairo Rodríguez Blanco Module: Office Automation
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THE COMPONENTS OF THE COMPUTER

All computers have two basic components that work together to facilitate
the processing of information effectively. Those two components are:

The Hardware: is the physical part of the machine, it is all

those elements that we can see and touch like the keyboard, the
screen, the mouse, the central unit, etc.

The software: is the logical part of the machine, the one that is not
cannot be touched or physically felt. It is formed by all the
programs and the information that is managed and stored in the
machine; such as Windows, Word, Excel, etc.
The Firmware: It is the mixture between hardware and software, that is, the software controls the
Hardware.

ELEMENTS THAT MAKE UP THE HARDWARE

We already know that hardware is made up of the set of physical elements that make up the
machine as a whole. But each of those elements fulfills a specific function within
of the computer process and according to this function, these elements are classified into the following
groups:

1. PERIPHERAL INPUT DEVICES:

They are all those elements that we users use to input the information that the
computer will use to carry out any work and through which we give them the
orders to the machine. The most well-known input peripherals are:

a) The Keyboard: it is the most common means of entering information.

It works through a series of keys that contain all the
letters of the alphabet, the numeric digits, and the different signs of
scoring by means of which the information is written.
It also has some special and control keys of its own.
computer

b) The Mouse: it is a device used to select objects that already appear in the
screen. Objects are selected using a small arrow called pointer.
that moves when the mouse is moved across a flat surface.

c) The Scanner or Explorer: it is a device that is responsible

to capture images from photos, texts, graphics,
barcodes and other elements to then digitize them or
convert them into files that can be stored on disks already
to view them on screen, edit or modify them and print them
as required by the user. There are various types among which
the manuals and flat desk or bed models stand out as they are very physical and functional
similar to a photocopier.

The Microphone: it is an input device that converts signals

acoustic signals in electrical signals which are used by the card of
computer sound to amplify or record them.

e) The Joystick: it is an input device used in games.

video and in the simulators. It is used to make movements in the
screen through a lever and to activate certain actions with
some buttons or pushers.
 Illustrated quick work guide Topic: Introduction to Computer Science
Prepared by: Jhonny E. Solano N. – Eng. Dairo Rodríguez Blanco Module: Office Automation
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f) The Barcode Reader: it is an element that, when directed towards a

Graph that contains a code in the form of bars, captures the data from that code and sends it.
in digital form to a computer that processes the obtained information. It uses reflection
from a laser beam that is sent by a reader to the barcode and it reflects off
new towards it depending on the existing color in the code. This device is used
widely in large supermarkets and chain stores to record sales of
their products.

g) The Digitizing Tablet: it is a digital tablet used for receiving

and conversion of images to the digital information system. This information is
brought through a port to the computer, where the image can be
edited with specialized programs to improve its appearance. The image is designed
about the table with special instruments such as a pencil or pointer that they use
a special tip to vary the magnetic field of the board.

h) The Optical Pencil: It is an instrument in the shape of a pencil that, through an optical system, is located
at one end, it allows data entry directly to the screen. To create drawings, it is moved
the pencil in front of the screen and a line will appear on it that describes the same movement. Also
fulfills mouse functions

The Magnetic Card Reader: it is an element that serves to read the data contained in
the magnetic stripe of a special card. They are used by banking entities especially
for the transactions at the ATMs.

Digital Cameras: They are electronic devices that

stores images in digital form. In other words, it's a photographic camera that
it does not use conventional film and replaces it with a digital storage system.

2. OUTPUT PERIPHERAL DEVICES:

They are all those elements that the computer uses to show us or deliver the results of
the jobs or processes that are carried out inside with the information we have already entered.
The most commonly used and known output peripherals are:

a) The Monitor or Screen: It is the most common output medium for information, its
the appearance is very similar to a conventional television. Currently, work is being done
with LCD monitors (Liquid Crystal Display) which provide a good
definition, although its cost is a bit higher than conventional ones, it is justified in
regarding the advantages of space and the emission of non-harmful rays for the eyes.

b) The Printer: it is a device that is used to fix the results on paper.

of the processes carried out by the computer: texts, boxes, graphs, etc.
There are several types of printers, among which we highlight those of:
Point matrix Inkjet or bubble Laser
Margarita Drum

c) The Plotters: They are devices that draw or graph.

high-resolution or quality images or texts. They are used for drawing
plans, posters, and other graphics on very large paper and generally in
color. Almost all of them work with inkjet.
 Illustrated Quick Work Guide Topic: Introduction to Computer Science
Prepared by: Jhonny E. Solano N. – Eng. Dairo Rodríguez Blanco Module: Office Automation
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3. INPUT AND OUTPUT PERIPHERALS AT THE SAME TIME:

They are mixed devices, intended for both data input and output of results.
and from the microprocessor. Among this type of units we have:

a) The Modem or Fax Modem: is a device that converts the signal

digital from the PC into signals that can be transmitted over the phone line
to connect two or more computers through a network, we could
summarize it as a decoder. Its use is very common today
due to the era of the Internet. There are internal (in the CPU) and external ones,
being the internal an interface card.

b) Removable storage units: They are storage devices that

they allow for the entry and extraction of information from a computer. They have the advantage of facilitating transportation of
information from one place to another and their capacities are variable. Among these types of units of
highlighted storage:
USB drives DVD-RW drives Magnetic units
CD-RW drives The removable hard drives Video cameras
The units of tapes Blu Ray units

c) The Monitor: it is also considered as an input and output device since today
There are monitors with Touch Screen technology that allow the selection of options in the
same screen.

4. THE CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT (C.P.U.):

It can be considered the most important set of the machine, and even
there are those who categorize it as the brain of the computer, due to the fact that in
inside there is a series of elements that are responsible for everything
data processing and its subsequent storage. The CPU is
they connect the different input and output peripheral devices of
information. Among the internal elements of the CPU we find the
next:

a) The Main Board: also called the Motherboard, is the board where all the components are located.
electronic circuits, the microprocessor, the memories, the control chips, and the slots where
the other interface cards are inserted.
b) The Microprocessor: it is the electronic brain of the PC. It is responsible for performing all operations
mathematics and logic and controlling the entire functioning of the machine. It is he who receives and processes
the information and executes the orders given by the programs. All signals for handling and
information processing goes through the microprocessor.
The processor is internally divided into:
Arithmetic and logic unit: it is responsible for mathematical and logical processes and for sending the
results to the control unit.
Control unit: it is responsible for reading and writing information in memory, for carrying and bringing.
information and to execute the orders received by the computer.
c) The Memories: they are the first place where information is stored. All computers
They have various types of memory, but the two most used and known classes are:
 Illustrated Quick Work Guide Theme: Introduction to Computer Science
Prepared by: Jhonny E. Solano N. – Eng. Dairo Rodríguez Blanco Module: Office Automation
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RAM Memory: it is the working memory, in which the data that is temporarily stored is kept.
they are processing, the operating system and the program that is running. It is reading and
writing that indicates its content can be modified. It is erased when the machine is turned off or when exiting.
from an application or program without saving the data.
ROM memory: it is a read-only memory, its content is permanent or fixed and cannot be changed.
delete. It stores a series of routines or programs that the computer needs in order to
carry out the boot or initialization process. This is for the exclusive use of PC manufacturers and
we users do not have access to it.
Other types of memory are: Cache memory and video memory.
d) Interface Cards: they are cards with electronic circuits designed to be inserted into
the slots or expansion slots of the computer's mainboard. With these cards, it is possible
establish communication between the main card and its components with the peripheral devices
external ones that are used to perform various tasks. Among these cards are the video card,
sound, the network, the modem, etc.
e) The Hard Drive: it is the main means of permanent information storage that
runs in the RAM. It is a small metal box that is fixed inside the CPU that has great
storage capacity but are very fast for work. The system is installed on it
operational and all application programs are also stored with the already processed information.
f) The System Buses: A 'bus' is a network of fine metal lines that transport data to
through the motherboard of the computer and to the different components. They pass from the memory,
the processor, the motherboard, the hard drive, the slots, the interface cards and the peripherals. The
computers have three types of buses, they are:
The Data Bus: works in two directions or senses and allows the exchange of data between the
processor and the input and output units. In other words, it transports the information.
The Address Bus: works in one direction, from the microprocessor to the peripherals.
With it, one selects or directs which element the information is sent to or from which it is received.
The Control Bus: it works in a combined manner, it has lines of one-way and two-way.
With this, some procedures such as reading and writing are carried out.
g) The Power Source: it is responsible for receiving the direct current that comes from the regulator or from the
power outlet and transform it into the appropriate voltage required by the machine to then distribute it through
the other components of the PC. It is located at the rear back of the CPU case and of
She unplugs the cable that is connected to the outlet.
h) Communication Ports: they are the different connectors that are generally found,
on the back of the CPU where the different peripheral devices are connected
(keyboard, screen, mouse, printer, etc.). Each connector is called a port, and these in turn
They are installed on the main board or on the interface cards. There are serial and parallel ports.
my USB.

Fig. 12 Main Card Fig. 13 Microprocessor Fig. 14Memoria RAM Fig. 15Tarjeta de
Interface

Fig. 16 Hard Disk

Fig. 17 Cabinet and Power Supply
 Quick Work Illustrated Guide Topic: Introduction to Computer Science
Prepared by: Jhonny E. Solano N. – Eng. Dairo Rodríguez Blanco Module: Office Automation
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Date: Student:______________________________________
Degree:
After reading and analyzing the concepts contained in the support material developed to date, we will
to exercise your mind a little by developing the following questionnaire in class.
Answer each of the following questions according to the specified modality in each case:
1. Responda (F) Falso o (V) Verdadero en cada uno de los siguientes enunciados:
The word Ofimática comes from the union of the words: office plus technique. )
Firmware is the mix between software and programs. )
Currently, all computing devices possess "Open Technology". )
The most widely used office suite is Office from the company Microsoft. )
The most widespread computers in the world are Mainframes.................. ............................ ( )
The storage measure used by supercomputers is terabyte ... )
The interface cards communicate the main card with some peripherals…………. ............ ( )
The RAM memory temporarily stores programs and work data. )
The acronym USB stands for Universal Serial Basic. )
A scanner is responsible for digitizing images to input them into the computer... )

[Link] the following sentences with the correct word from each line:
The capacity of supercomputer hard drives is measured in
The computers used by the tellers of a bank branch would be
The scanner can be called and the speakers can be called
LCD screens mean
A DVD-ROM drive is only capable of: more not of
The main characteristics of the PC are:
Another name by which a terminal or client is known is
The it is a voltage transformer inside the PC
The microprocessor is internally divided into
The It is the place where information can be stored permanently.
[Link] the relationship between the left column and the right column according to the concepts and
putting the corresponding letter:
( Plotter A) Uninterrupted power system
( ROM memory B) Motherboard or base plate
( UPS C) Versatile disk reading unit
( Blu Ray D) Read-only memory
( RAM Memory E) CD reader and rewritable unit
( Inkjet or bubble printer F) Output device for blueprint printing
( Mother Board It is known as a blue laser beam reader device.
( Hard drive H) Random Access Memory
( DVD-ROM I) Mass storage device
( CD-RW J) Output device that operates with toner

[Link] WORK - Consult and develop the following questions:

Investigate which are the most widely used operating systems in the world of computing.
What does the word QWERTY mean in terms of keyboard usage?
How is information measured in computers and what does each measure correspond to?
Establish differences between LED, LCD, and PLASMA technology
Investigar los siguientes términos: Light Scribe, Blue Ray, Touch Screen, Wi Fi, Bluetooth, DVD-RW,
What are the differences between impact printers and laser printers?
What is SURFACE technology? (Watch the video on YouTube)

5. Perform the following conversions:

22.583,3845 MB to KB 0.4357 GB to Byte c) 34,594,385 KB TB d) 64.895 MB to GB

0.943 MB to KB f)120 GB a KB g) 34.859 MB to TB h)490,582,320.001,867 KB aTB
14,4565 GB to MB 20,456,000.002 KB to TB
 Illustrated quick work guide Topic: Introduction to Computer Science
Prepared by: Jhonny E. Solano N. - Eng. Dairo Rodríguez Blanco Module: Office Automation
All Rights Reserved ® Page No.7

THE SOFTWARE: MANAGEMENT OF ALL INFORMATION

We had already seen that software is the logic part of the
machine and that is made up of all the programs and the
information that is stored and managed within a PC. The
Software is the intangible part, it cannot be seen or touched.
it amounts to a series of instructions and procedures
programmed in machine language, recorded on a medium
magnetic and optical, which are executed by the computer and
that control all their activity. The software has a total
dependency on hardware when managing information,
they work together and complement each other
another, that is to say, they complement each other and cannot work separately
independently.

But the programs are designed for different tasks, and from there a classification arises.
according to their functions that we will analyze later.
1. BASIC STRUCTURE OF INFORMATION
DATA: A Data is an isolated idea that does not allow for a decision to be made as it is not
sufficient to establish a logical idea. It is said that there are two types of data, they are:
Discrete Data: These are the results of sporadic counting, they do not maintain a sequence or
continuity. For example, a person who goes out to walk or jog one morning but does not do it again.
diary, but every time he feels the need and suddenly takes the time it took and the distance
that traveled but только out of curiosity.
Continuous Data: They are the result of a continuous measurement process, obtained
through constant monitoring, evaluating and comparing the obtained data, generally
for making certain decisions. An example is that of a high-performance athlete who
trains every day and gets up to run a certain distance, timing himself and comparing it
with previous records to determine future training. Another example is that of a
doctor who evaluates an admitted patient by recording the obtained data in their medical history
in such a way that the treatment to be followed can be determined.
FIELDS: A field is a memory location that can store a single type of data.
Data, for example, a name is a field, as is age, a date, or an address.
There are several types of fields, they are:
Alphabetic or Alphanumeric Fields: They accept or receive letters, numbers, and symbols, but that
they are characterized by the fact that they cannot be used in mathematical operations or calculations.
Examples: Martha 3551246
- – Calle 41 # 39-67
Numeric Fields: They are those that only accept or allow numbers and whose main characteristic
they are usually employed in mathematical operations, for example, salaries, sales,
ages, etc.
Logical Fields: They are those that hold a single answer of two possible alternatives.
where they generally correspond to values of False or True.
Date Fields: Composed precisely of numerical data representing the values
the day number, the month number, and the year of any event or occurrence. For example, the date of
birth of a person, the hiring date of an employee, etc.
THE RECORDS: A record is the union of several data fields in the same row and that
they refer to the same person, the same element or the same entity. In turn, the union of
Several records make up a file, let's look at the following example:
Field names Records
Name Last name Address Salary Fec_Nacim Are you studying?
Carlos Road Cra 62 # 74-41 600000 03/25/80 S
Mary Sierra Cle 80 # 42-15 750000 06/12/77 N
Jorge Pérez Cle 45 # 57-28 550000 10/21/85 S
Teresa Diaz Cra 39 # 53-69 1200000 04/15/72 N

Types of Fields Alphanumeric Numeric From Date Logical

 Illustrated quick work guide Topic: Introduction to Computer Science
Prepared by: Jhonny E. Solano N. – Eng. Dairo Rodríguez Blanco Module: Office Automation
Reserved Copyright ® Page No. 8

FILES: A file is any type of information

that is processed and stored in the computer or in some medium
magnetic or electronic auxiliary as a result of the activities
completed or work that we have developed. There are files with
different structures, that is to say, not all are the same. There are files
formed by fields and records (data tables), but there are also
text files, image files, sound files, and even files of
programs (executables), among others.
At the moment of saving (archiving) the information, a file is generated, the
which in turn, must receive the following elements:
Name: It is the primary part that identifies the file and which
we can locate or find. Generally, this name is used
we assign users at our own discretion and in accordance with the content of the document.
The name of a file can have a maximum of 256 letters or characters (in Windows)
or 8 characters (when working with D.O.S.)
Extension: It is the secondary part of the file name and identifies the type of file, that is,
with which program it was created and with the same one that you can edit or modify the document. This
the program automatically assigns the extension when saving the information,
that is being worked on. Generally, the extension is made up of 3 characters although
currently, in some cases, 4 characters are used.
Size: It is the amount of space that the file occupies on a disk or storage medium.
at the time of being stored. There are several measures to determine this amount which
we will analyze later.
Date and Time: Corresponds to the exact moment when the file was saved or modified by
last time. It is logically assigned automatically and for this data to be real, the date and
The system time must be updated.
FOLDERS OR DIRECTORIES: They are the different places o
logical type divisions that can be made on a disk and that are used
to store information or files in an organized manner and be able to locate them
with greater ease and have access to them. They are called 'logical divisions' because
physically do not take up space on the disk. In the Windows operating system, they
they are called 'Folders', but in the D.O.S. operating system, they are called 'Directories', they are actually
same. The names of the folders (primary part) are governed under the same conditions as the
names of the files and chords with the operating system we are using.

2. UNITS OF MEASUREMENT FOR INFORMATION STORAGE

Just as there are measures of weight or length to establish quantities,
in the management of information within a PC and computing in general
There are special measures to determine the amount of information.
that is being stored or manipulated. These measures are:
The Bit: It is the minimum storage unit. In the PC it is
internally interpreted through binary digits (zeros and ones)
formed numerical codes in this numbering system.
The Byte: It is the first significant measure for us users.
It is formed by the union of 8 Bits (a binary code of 8 digits) and is represented by means of a
character that can be a letter (e.g. A), a number (e.g. 5) or a symbol (e.g. $), and even when writing a
texto de un documento, los espacios que separan a las palabras también es un byte.
The Kilobyte (KByte or KB): A measurement formed by the union of 1024 Bytes or Characters.
The MegaByte (MByte or MB): An approximate measure of one million Bytes, but the real value is obtained
to multiply 1024 x 1024 (10242) or is the same as 1024 KB
The Gigabyte (GByte or GB): It is equal to 1024 MB
The TeraByte (TByte or TB): It is equal to 1024 GB The increase is directly
The PetaByte (PByte or PB): It is equal to 1024 GB proportional to the relationship with
The ExaByte (EByte or EB): It is equal to 1024 PB the immediately preceding measure.
The ZettaByte (ZByte or ZB): It is equal to 1024 EB
The YottaByte (YByte or YB): It is equal to 1024 ZB
 Illustrated Quick Work Guide Topic: Introduction to Computer Science
Prepared by: Jhonny E. Solano N. – Eng. Dairo Rodríguez Blanco Module: Office Automation
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3. CLASSIFICATION OF SOFTWARE OR PROGRAMS

According to the main functions for which they were designed or their primary objective, the
programs can be classified or organized in the following way:
3.1. OPERATING SYSTEMS: An Operating System
Operating is the type of software essential for a
computer, that is to say, a PC without an Operating System
it cannot work. This type of program is
supremely important for the machine because between
its functions are found:
They carry out the machine's startup process for
keep it running.
They act as an intermediary between the user and the
machine allowing its communication.
They receive, interpret, and execute all orders.
issued by the user.
They manage all the resources of the machine, both at the hardware and software level.
They allow the use of other types of programs acting as a base platform for their execution.
They facilitate the installation and configuration of new physical devices on the PC.
They allow you to install new programs on the PC and uninstall those that we do not need.
Among the multiple operating systems that exist, we can cite the following examples: Windows
Linux - Ventura - Xenix - Unix - OS/2 - D.O.S.

3.2. APPLICATION PROGRAMS: They are different types of utility programs, each one
they are very useful and generally have a lot of use at the business and personal level, among them are
the following stand out:
WORD PROCESSORS: Especially used for the
creation and modification of text-type documents such as written works, letters, reports,
memos, theses, projects, etc. Examples: Word – WordPerfect
SPREADSHEETS OR ELECTRONIC SHEETS: They are especially used for handling
files with accounting, financial or statistical information that involve the execution of
mathematical operations and handling of numerical data. Examples: Excel - Lotus
GRAPHING PROGRAMS: These programs are generally used for the
creation, modification, and manipulation of images and other graphic objects, especially with
advertising fines. Some may incorporate movements or animations, accompanied by
sounds and other special effects. Examples: Flash – Corell Draw – Power Point – Paint
DATABASE MANAGERS: They store large amounts of information under the
structure of fields and records which can be classified according to certain conveniences
or needs and offer them under certain criteria of consultations or searches requested by the
users. Examples: Access – Oracle – Informix – Paradox – FoxPro
INTEGRATED PROGRAMS: They are packages that group several applications or programs of
general purpose in one. Examples: Microsoft Office - Lotus Smart Suite
PUBLISHING PROGRAMS: Used for the preparation and editing of books, magazines, newspapers,
etc., in which large amounts of texts are handled at a professional level. Examples:
PageMaker, Publisher
{"text":"EDUCATIONAL PROGRAMS: They are made especially for teaching in different"}
levels, such as reference encyclopedias, tutors, simulators, etc.
SPECIALIZED PROGRAMS: These are specific programs designed to provide solutions to problems of
administrative, accounting or other types. They are business or commercial applications.
SPECIFIC PURPOSE PROGRAMS: These are programs that have been designed to
to fulfill a special or specific task that generally cannot be employed for another
purpose such as Antivirus, music and video players, browsers, etc.
 Illustrated Quick Work Guide Theme: Introduction to Computer Science
Prepared by: Jhonny E. Solano N. – Eng. Dairo Rodríguez Blanco Module: Office Automation
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3.3. PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES: They are special higher-level languages.

used to program or create other application programs, that is, in the development of new
software. Examples: Visual Basic – Visual Fox Pro – Visual C++ – HTML – Java – PHP

AUXILIARY STORAGE DEVICES

They are magnetic and/or electronic elements that are used to store or save information externally.
PC. Traditionally the quintessential element designed to store information within a PC.
it is the Hard Drive, but as is well known, this element is usually found fixed inside the
PC case and it is not removable by ordinary or common users, which makes it necessary to do.
use of some external elements that allow transporting stored information from one place to
others. Most of these elements facilitate the reading and writing processes within them,
allowing the modification of your data, among them are:
The CD-RWs Magnetic tapes
USB Flash Drives The DVD-RWs External Hard Drives

OTHER BASIC CONCEPTS IN COMPUTER SCIENCE

MULTIMEDIA: It is the mixture or combination of texts, images, sound,
animation and video in a single process reproduced within a PC. The key to the
multimedia resides in digitization, that is, the conversion of all types of
information in a special code that electronic machines recognize and
understand.

COMPUTER NETWORKS: A computer network is nothing more

that a series of PCs connected to each other, whether by cables or other means, with
the goal of sharing information and other resources both physical and
logical type. Generally, in a network, we find the following types of equipment:
A Server: It is the machine (computer) that is responsible for managing the
work permissions of each of the users that are part of the network.
Terminals: They are each of the devices (PCs) connected to the network for
access to it, they are also called Users, Clients or Stations of
Work.

INTERNET:Currently, it is the great network of networks, that is, that Internet is a

integrated connection of many other networks. The term Internet is the union of two
words: Inter which means or refers to link or connection and Net (network) that
it means interconnection of networks.
Among the services that the Internet offers, the following stand out:
Searches through web pages (W W W)
Email or E-Mail and Chat (Real-time communication)
E-commerce (buying and selling)

COMPUTER VIRUSES: They are executable programs that have been designed to
cause damage to files, programs, and even physical components of a computer
in which they are installed or spread. It is also possible that they are only used for
create confusion among users through the appearance of sounds and messages
unexpected. They can cause loss of information, slow execution of
procesos y muchas otras situaciones que vayan en contra de las actividades normales
of the users.
There are also antivirus programs or vaccines whose purpose is to detect, locate
to locate and remove viruses from a PC. Currently, there is a wide variety of
diversity of computer viruses and antivirus programs but some things must be taken into account
important recommendations:
An antivirus can help eliminate many viruses, but it may not be able to eliminate all of them.
The ideal is to keep the antivirus updated (recent version) with a renewed 'catalog' of viruses.
Review all the information that will be entered into the PC as a preventive measure.
 Illustrated quick work guide Topic: Introduction to Computer Science
Prepared by: Jhonny E. Solano N. – Eng. Dairo Rodríguez Blanco Module: Office Automation
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Program: Code: Horario:

Date: Student:
Review:
After reading and analyzing the concepts contained in the developed support material
So far, we are going to exercise your mind a little by developing the following questionnaire in class.
Answer each of the following questions according to the indicated modality in each case:
1. Analyze the clues given below and write the corresponding answer at the bottom.
from the board and then locate these answers and mark them inside the word search.
M UW A H I V Q E P I T Y G U K TRACKS
R C I N W O T I C N O M B R E P 1 Memory location that stores a single type of data
E A T J V P E X V O L D O Y X R 2 Group of several computers connected to each other
T M U L T I M E D I A J P R T A 3 Storage measure represented by a letter
J P P O U N R O L R G A K Z E E 4 Logical divisions to store files neatly
C O X G M T I U M A B W U E N G 5 Main computer in a computer network
Y S F I L E G R S N E T S M S W 6 Union of several fields in the same row
Z L U C O R F A Z I D C I C I S 7 Numerical system that uses only zeros and ones
O I R O H N P S U B O H R A O E 8 It is currently considered the great network of networks.

N L S S Y E A D X N R K U V N F 9 Fields that hold only one of 2 possible answers

G M E S K T S D T A T F I B G Q 10 Types of data with constant tracking
X P D W E X B I K J O H Y X U X 11 Any work done and saved on the PC
D H E P O Y N P Z A C S O P I H 12 Characters used to identify a file
E Z R Q S U Q S O R T S I G E R 13 Mix of texts, images, sounds, video, and animation
K A D T O R F Z A V E N B T I N 14 Characters that help identify the type of a file
C J The S K P D R O D I V R E S M 15 Type of software whose purpose is to cause damage to the PC

Answers to each clue:

1 4 7 10 13
2 5 8 11 14
3 6 9 12 15
2. Match the terms from the left column with the definitions from the center column.
with the classifications of the right column writing the letter of inside the parentheses
the corresponding classification:
Programs Functions Rankings
( Lotus ( Store and organize information in large quantities A) Operating System
( Flash ( Create text files or written documents B) Specif. Prop. Prog.
( Visual Basic ( It contains several general use applications or programs C) Databases
( Publisher ( They serve as guides or assistants in teaching. D) Educational Programs
( Windows ( It allows you to create and modify images that can be animated. E) Prog. Publishers
( Microsoft Office ( It is used to create new programs or software F) Processor of
text Antivirus ( It facilitates the PC startup and communication with the user G) Graphic Programmers
( Word ( Employee to organize accounting or financial type files H) Spreadsheet
( Tutors ( It is used to create books, magazines, and other advanced publications. I) Programming Language.
( Oracle ( It checks a PC for malicious software and removes it. J) Integral Programs
3. Taking into account the information storage measures already reviewed, carry out the
mathematical operations needed to convert:
12 Megabytes in Kilobytes 5 Gigabytes in Bytes 4 Gigabytes to Megabytes
80 Kilobytes in Bytes 1 GigaByte in KiloByte 40 MegaByte en Byte y en KByte
A normal DVD stores 4.7 GB If a DVD stores an information of 2,500,000 KB
How many MB are occupied and how many Bytes are still free? And how many MB is this free space?
represent?
If we are going to install a program on the PC and it comes recorded on 2 single-sided BLU RAYs.
complete How much space will this program use on the hard drive? (In TB, MB, KB, and Bytes)
4. RESEARCH WORK - Consult and develop the following questions:
Las siguientes extensiones ¿Qué tipos de archivos identifican o representan?: EXE – XLSX – COM –
BAT – PPTX – BAK – DOCX – MDB – DLL – SYS – BMP – JPG – WMF – HTM – AVI