Train Geometry and Stability Analysis
Translated by
ScribdTranslationsTrain Geometry and Stability Analysis
Translated by
ScribdTranslationsGEOMETRY OF TRAINS
ROLLING
FUNCTION OF USE
Ensure the stability and proper control of a vehicle.
Allow a natural return and keep the wheels straight.
Avoid abnormal tire wear.
Suite
DEFINITION OF REFERENCE PLANS
O
YOZ transversal plan.
DEFINITION OF REFERENCE PLANS
O
YOZ cross-cutting plan.
XOZ longitudinal plan.
DEFINITION OF REFERENCE PLANS
O
Yoz plan transversal.
XOZ longitudinal plan.
NO work schedule.
CHARACTERISTIC ANGLES
The deportation
the ground offset is the distance 'd' between the
projection of the pivot axis of a wheel and
his point of contact on the ground.
obstacle d
d
In the case of a significant relocation, the inequalities of
F
the road causes instability in the steering.
The couple transmitted to the management by an obstacle must
to be as weak as possible from which positive shifts
reduced to see negatives.
CHARACTERISTIC ANGLES
The deportation
The ground slope can be reduced or eliminated by orientation:
wheel plans (offset of rim or camber).
pivot axes.
Deport device Deportnegative
A slight offset facilitates the return and maintenance of the wheels in a straight line.
It prevents tire slipping during low-speed maneuvers.
Characteristic Angles
Camber angle
Ca
In the vehicle's transverse plane, it is
the angle formed by the median plane of the wheel
and the perpendicular to the rolling plane.
- Il est toujours très faible afin de limiter l ’usure
of tires; he stabilizes the direction.
The camber affects the alignment.
when the vehicle is moving.
Positive camber Negative carousel
On rear wheels, negative camber is often found which has the
but to improve vehicle stability.
CHARACTERISTIC ANGLES
Pivot angle
Pi It is the angle formed by the pivot axis and the
perpendicular to the rolling plane in
the vehicle's transverse plan.
The pivot axis passes through the center of the joints
lower and upper triangles of
suspension.
This angle facilitates the recall of the wheels inline
right (by lifting the vehicle).
In the case of a MacPherson type suspension,
the pivot axis goes through the center of the upper mount
of the shock absorber rod and the lower ball joint.
CHARACTERISTIC ANGLES
Included angle
It is the sum of the camber angle
and the pivot angle.
This angle is constant from one wheel to
the other on the same axle.
A variation of this angle indicates, when
from a preliminary train control, the deformation
of the rocket.
CHARACTERISTIC ANGLES
Hunting angle
ch
It is the angle formed by the perpendicular
on the rolling plan and the tilt of the pivot
progress
in the longitudinal plane of the vehicle.
Principle of the mobile cart roulette
progress
When the wheel is turned at an angle
regarding the sense of progress,
CHARACTERISTIC ANGLES
Trail angle
ch
It is the angle formed by the perpendicular
on the rolling plan and the tilt of the pivot
advancement
in the longitudinal plane of the vehicle.
Principle of the mobile cart roulette
advancement
When the steering wheel is turned at an angle
in terms of progress, on
note the return to a straight line of it.
The angle of attack recalls and stabilizes the direction
in a straight line by a drawn wheel effect.
CHARACTERISTIC ANGLES
Parallelism
Expressed in mm
when expressed in 'mm', the parallelism is the
difference in width between the front edges (B) and rear edges (A) A
the rims of the same axle.
B
Expressed in degrees
when expressed in degrees, parallelism is
the angle formed by the median planes of the wheels of a
same axle in relation to the longitudinal axis of the vehicle.
α
CHARACTERISTIC ANGLES
Parallelism
The term 'pinching' refers to the We call "opening" the
wheel convergence towards convergence of the wheels towards
the front of the vehicle. the rear of the vehicle.
GEOMETRY OF THE REAR TRAIN
The characteristic angles of the rear trains are
the camber angles and the parallelism.
Indeed, the rear wheels are generally not
guidelines, there is no pivot so there is no tilt
of pivot and hunting angle.
DIAGNOSTIC OF ANOMALIES
Elements Defects Consequences
Too important Tire external wear.
Camber
positive
Unequally distributed Pull on the side where the angle is the strongest.
Too important Inner wear of the tires.
Camber
negative
Unevenly distributed Pulling on the side where the angle is the weakest.
Hard direction.
Very important Violent reminder from the management.
Important wear of tires.
Tilt of
pivot Lack of steering response (soft).
Too weak Pull on the side where the angle is the weakest.
Increase in positive camber and tire wear.
Included angles Unequal Deformed hub carrier.
DIAGNOSTIC OF ANOMALIES
Elements Defects Consequences
Slight direction.
Too weak Vehicle floating.
Directional instability.
Hunting Hard direction.
Too important
Violent pulling of the wheels in a straight line.
• Draw on the side where the angle is the weakest during braking.
Unevenly distributed
• Pulling on the side where the angle is the strongest at acceleration.
Pinching • Unsure about the outer edge of the two tires.
Parallelism
Opening • Wear on the inner edge of both tires.