ELECTRONICS II

ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
1st SEMESTER, 2008/2009

WORKBOOK

This document contains a set of exercises to be carried out by the students, inside and outside the classes.
TP. In each exercise, the solution is indicated, but remember: more important than the solution is the
resolution.

Note: Unless otherwise indicated, consider the ideal AMPOPs.

Basic circuits with Operational Amplifiers
R2
[Link] voin function of vIfor the circuit of
R1
Figure 1,considering R110kΩ and R2=15kΩ.
vI -
What is the gain from the assembly? vo
+

R: vo-1.5*viAv-1.5

Figure 1–Inverting amplifier

2. Calculate voin function of vifor the circuit of R2

Figure 2,considering R1=10kΩ, R2=15kΩe R1
vi
R3=4.7kΩ. - vo
+
R3
R: vo-1.5*vi

Figure 2–Inverting amplifier

[Link] voin function of vifor the circuit of vI
+ vo
Figure 3, cconsidering R1=1.5kΩ and R2=3kΩ.
-

R: vo=3*vI
R1 R2

Figure 3–Non-inverting Amplifier

[Link] voin function of vifor the circuit of R
Figure 4, cconsidering R1= R2= R3= R.
R1
v1 -
R: vo=-v1-v2-v3 R2 vo
v2 +
R3
v3

Figure 4–Inverting Summing Amplifier

Electronics II–EE, Exercise Notebook 1/12

 [Link] voin function of vifor the circuit ofFigure 5,considering R1= R2= R3= R, R4=10kΩ e

R5=15kΩ. Is there any relation between this circuit and the circuits in the Figures?Figure 1And Figure 4?
R
R5
R1
R4
v1 -
R2 -
v2 + vo
+
R3
v3

Figure 5
R: vo=1.5*(v1+v3+v3)

[Link] voin function of vIfor the circuit of R1

Figure 6,considering R1=R210kΩ v1 + vo
R2 -
R31.5kΩ and R4=3kΩ. Suggestion: use the v2

superposition theorem.
R3 R4

R: vo=3/2*(v1+v2)

Figure 6–Non-inverting summing amplifier

[Link] voin function of vIfor the circuit of R2

Figure 7,considering R1=R3and R2=R4.
v1 R1
Suggestion: utilize o theorem yes - vo
overlap. v2 +
R3
R4
R: vo=R2/R1*(v2-v1)

Figure 7–Differential Amplifier

8. Dimension R1and R2in order to obtain vo=5V Vcc
considering VCC15V.
R1 -
vo
+
A possible solution is R1=30kΩ and R215kΩ. R2

Figure 8–Voltage follower

9. It is intended to size an inverter assembly so that the gain is -2 V/V. Consider
that has three resistors of 100kΩ.
a. Determine the possible configurations;
b. Calculate the input impedance of each assembly.

R: (b) ri=100kΩ, ri=50kΩ.

Electronics II–EE, Exercise Notebook 2/12

 10. Consider the circuit of theFigure 9,where

R15kΩ R210kΩ, R3=2kΩ, R4=1kΩ and

R5=8kΩ. R2 R3
a. Calculate voin function of vi.

b. Calculate the input impedance R4

R1
vi -
from the assembly.
vo
+
c. What is the power supplied by the R5
source vi, considering vi=0.5V?
d. Considering still vi=0.5V,
Figure 9
what is the total power dissipated
in the resistances?

(a) vo-6.4*vi; (b) ri=5kΩ; (c) pvi = 5μW; (d)

ptotal4.85mW
11. It is intended to improve the circuit ofFigure 4in order that, in the case of the non-ideal Ampop, it is mitigated
the effect of polarization currents. Indicate the necessary changes, considering
R1=R2=R3=R.
Insert a resistor equal to R/4 between the non-inverting input and ground.

12. Determine the output in relation to the

C
tickets for the circuit of theFigure 10,
R1
considering R1=10k , R2=5k e v1 -
R2 vo
C=0.1μF. v2 +
t
R: vO  t  1 03 v 1 2v2  dt
0

(considering o capacitor Figure 10 - Integrator Amplifier

initially unloaded).
13. Consider the circuit of theFigure 11,where

rS=1k , RL=10k the vI=1V. Determine vo rs -

vI vo
due to I saw in the following +
RL
conditions:
a. Ad= Ac=0;
b. Ad=105The CMRR=80dB; Figure 11

c. Ad104and CMRR=103;
d. Ad104, ri=104e ro102.
R: a)vo=vi; b)vo=1,00009vi; c)vo=1,0009vi;
c)vo0.99999vi;

Electronics II - EE, Exercise Workbook 3/12

 [Link] vodue to I went to the R2
circuit ofFigure 12,considering
R1
R1=1k , R2=5k , RA500 , RB1.5k , vI -
vo
VA=2V and VB-10V. +
RA RB
R: [Link]
vA vB

Figure 12
[Link] for the circuit of theFigure 13,vo R1
in function of v1, v2and v3, considering v1 +
vo
v2 -
R1=830 , R2=R3=2k and R4=5k . R2
R: vo=6v1-2.5v2-2.5v3 v3
R3 R4
Figure 13

Current/Voltage Converters, Sources and Current Mirrors

16. Determine ioin function of vifor the circuit of theFigure 14,considering R1R6=2k e
R2=R3=R4=R5=1k .

vI + +
- -

R1 R2 R3 R4 R5 io
R6

Figure 14–V/I Converter

Io=10-3vI
17. Considering the circuit ofFigure 16,with R1=1k , vCC
R2=10k , VZ5.6V, VCC=15V and VBE=0.7V, determine: Load

a. The current in the load; R1

Q1
b. The limits of resistance in the load.
R: a)IL=0.49mA; b)RLmin0 , RLmax20.2k . VZ
R2

Figure 15–Floating current source

[Link] the current in the load for the circuit of theFigure
vCC
16,considering R1=560 , Rp=4.7k , V =0.7V,
R1
VZ
VCC15V and VEB0.7V.
Q1

R: IL2.5mA. Rp Load

Figure 16–Current source

Electronics II–EE, Exercise Notebook 4/12

 19. Consider the circuit of theFigure 17,Rp=1k e VCC=15V,
vCC
determine
Q1 Q2
a. The current in the load;
b. If the assembly in question is sensitive to Q3
Early effect;
Rp Load
c. What changes would you make to compensate for the effects

de variações de temperatura.
R: a) IL=13.6mA.
Figure 17–Chain Mirror
Wilson

By differential and level transmitter

20. Consider the circuit inFigure 18,with R1=1k ,

vCC
R2=13k , R32.7k , R4=1k , VBE0.6V and VCC= VEE15V.
R1 R1
a. Determine VAe VCE, VCe ICfor each transistor
under the following conditions:
v1 Q1Q2 v2
i. V1=V2=0V;
ii. V1=V2=5V; vA

iii. V1=2V and V2=5V; R2

Q3
b. Change the assembly making the minimum of
R3 R4
possible changes, so that the current in
Q collector1be 0.5 mA (for the a.i case); -Vee

c. Explain how the assembly behaves if Figure 18–Differential pair

there will be a variation of signal in V2.

R: a)i. VA-0.6V, VCE1=14.6V, VCE2=14.6V, VCE3=12.4V

VC1=14V, VC2=14V, IC11mA, IC2=1mA, IC3=2mA; a)ii.
VA=4.4V, VCE19.6V, VCE29.6V, VCE3=17.4V (as
the remaining ones remain); a)iii. VA=4.4V, VCE110.6V
VCE2=13V, VC115V, VC2=13V, VCE3=12.6V, IC1=0A,
IC2=2mA (the remaining values remain the same); b) Change R4for

2k .
21. Consider the differential pair represented in theFigure 19,
vCC
with R1=4.7k , R2=220 , R310k , hfe=hFE=200,
hie=5k , VBE=0.7V, Vcc15V e -Vee-15V. R1 R1

a. Calculate the PFR of the transistors Q1the Q2, and a vO

v1 Q1 Q2 v2
current IR3, when you1=v2=0V;
b. Calculate the input resistance at a voltage R2 R2

common, ric;
R3
c. Calculate the input resistance at a voltage
differential, rid; -Vee

d. Determine the common mode gain, Ac; Figure 19 - Differential Pair

e. Determine the gain in differential mode, Ad;

Electronics II–EE, Exercise Notebook 5/12

 f. Determine the CMRR;
g. What would be the value of ric, rid, AdActhe CMRR is in

instead of R3if we had a current source

ideal (with a value equal to IR3, calculated in item
a))?
R: a) Q1,Q2(IC=707 A, VCE=12.4V), IR3=1.4mA; b)
ric2.03 million ; c) rid98.4k ; d) Ac=-0.231; e) Ad=-9.5;
f) CMRR=41; g)ric= , rid=98.4k , Ad=-9.5, A c=0 e
CMRR= .
22. Consider the circuit inFigure [Link] or circuit
vCC
in such a way that youo=vi-2.9, considering VBE=0.7V e
vi Q1
VCC15V.
A possible solution is R11.2k , R2560 , and
R1
R3=10k ,
Q2
R2

vo

R3

-vCC
Figure 20–Level displacer

Class A, B, and AB amplifiers

23. Consider the circuit of theFigure 21,corresponding to a

vCC
class A amplifier, with VCC=15V, RL=1k ,
VBE=0.7V and VCEsat=0.2V.
vI Q1
a. What is the relationship between output and input?
b. Calculate the value of R1 that maximizes the excursion
R1 vo
RL
from the output signal.
Q2 Q3
c. What are the input voltage limits in which
Does this amplifier operate correctly? Please indicate. -vCC
the limits of vo correspondents.
d. What is the average power dissipated in the load? Figure 21 – Class A Amplifier

when the tension viis maximum, i.e., when the

Is the yield maximum?
e. What is the yield of this assembly in
conditions of the previous item?
R: a)vo=vi-0.7; b) R1=966 ; c) vi [-14.1;15.5]V vo [-
14.8;14.8]V; d) PL=109.5 mW; d) =16.4%.

Electronics II–EE, Exercise Notebook 6/12

 24. Consider the circuit of theFigure 22corresponding to a

class B amplifier, with VBE=0.7V, VCEsat=0.2V and

vCC
VCC15V.
Q1 vo
a. Explain o functioning do circuit vi
sketching the shape of the output waveform when I see it is
Q2 RL
a sinusoidal wave;
-vCC
b. What is the average power dissipated in RLse

RL=1k , when youiit is maximum, i.e., when the

Figure 22–Class B Amplifier
is the yield maximum?
c. What is the yield of this assembly in
conditions of item b)?
d. What is the maximum power dissipated in each
transistor?
e. What are the advantages and disadvantages of this

amplifier in relation to the amplified exercise

previous?
R: b) PL109.5 mW; c) 77.5% d)
PQ1max=PQ2max45.6mW.
25. Consider the circuit of theFigure 23.
vCC
a. What is the relationship between voe vi?
b. What is the advantage of this assembly compared to R1

assembly of theFigure 22? Q1

D1
R: b) vO= vi, considering VBE=V . vI vo
D2 RL
Q2
R2
-vCC

Figure 23–Class AB Amplifier

26. Consider the circuit in Figure 22 with VBE=0.6V and
vCC
VCC15V. Size the circuit so that it
R1
operates on the threshold of class B, before becoming a
Q1
class AB amplifier. R2
vi vo
R: R1=R4=25k e R2=R3=1k . Q3
R3 RL
Q2
R4

-vCC

Figure 24

Electronics II–EE, Exercise Notebook 7/12

 Current Sources, V/I Converters, and Current Amplifiers using
Operational Amplifiers

27. Consider the circuit of theFigure 25,with Vcc=15V, Vcc

R1=10k , R2=68k e R31k .
a. Calculate the current IL; R3
R1
b. What is the maximum load under the conditions of item
-
anterior? Q1
+
R: a) IL=1.92mA; b) RLmax6.7k . IL
R2 RL

Figure 25 - Current Source

[Link] the circuit of theFigure 26,with Vcc12V and Vcc

VZ1=4.1V.
a. Size the circuit in order to obtain R2
R1
IL=1mA;
-
b. Calculate RLmaxin the conditions of paragraph Q1
+
anterior IL
Z1 RL
R: a) R1=680 R2=10.9k ; b) RLmax=3.9k .

Figure 26–Current source

29. Consider the circuit of theFigure 27,with Vcc=15V e Vcc
R1=1k .
RL IL
a. Determine ILin function of Viand indicate the
transconductance gain of the circuit. vi +
Q1
-
b. Considering RL=1k what is the voltage of
maximum input for which it is still verified R1
the gain calculated in item a)?
R: a) IL=Vi10-3[A], Ag=10-3A/V; b) VIMAX=7.4V.
Figure 27–Floating current source
30. Consider the circuit of theFigure 28,where Vcc=15V, Vcc
R1=2k , R21.5k e R3=1.5k Determine the gain
R3
of the circuit's transconductance. R2
R: Ag=0.5*10-3A/V. -
Q2
+
vI +
Q1
- IL RL
R1

Figure 28–V/I Converter

Electronics II - EE, Workbook 8/12

 31. Determine, for the circuit ofFigure 29,ILin function R2
of vi, considering R115k , R2=220 , R3=15k e
R1
R4=220 .
-
V +
R:I L 103I R3 R4
15 vI
IL RL

Figure 29–V/I Converter

32. Dimension the circuit resistances of theFigure 30
R1 vo
in order to achieve a gain of 1V/10 A.
R: R1=100k . R2 RL
II -
+

Figure 30–I/V Converter

[Link] the circuit of theFigure 31,where VCC=12V,

Vcc
VCEsat=0.2V, R1=1k e R2=1k .
a. Calculate VThein function of VI;
vi +
Q1
b. Considering the ideal AMPOP, what is the voltage -
VO
maximum input to which the circuit still R2
Does it work according to what was calculated in a)? R1 RL

c. Considering that Q1it is a BC547 (at 25ºC), and

what VI=5V, what is the maximum current that Figure 31–Non-inverting amplifier
we can have in the load (check the data of
manufacturer if necessary)? What is the load
minimum associated?

R: a) Vo2VI; b) VIMAX=5.9V; c) ILmax=307.5mA,

RLmin32.5

Precision Amplifiers

34. Consider the circuit of theFigure 32.

vi + D1
a. Explain the operation of the circuit and vo
identify the assembly; -
RL
b. What is the advantage of this assembly compared to

others you know with the same purpose?

c. Sketch the input and output waveform Figure 32–Half-wave rectifier
when a wave is applied at the input
sinusoidal with 5V amplitude.
R: a) Half-wave rectifier (negative arc).

Electronics II - EE, Exercise Notebook 9/12

 35. Consider the assembly of theFigure 33:

R1 R2 R3

D1
- -
vI A1 A2 vo
+ +
D2
R4

Figure 33–Full-wave rectifier

a. Explain how the circuit works;
b. Determine voin function of vi;

c. Size the circuit in such a way as to [Link] 2vI

R3 R2 R
R: b)vThe vi1 ifvi 0 , vThe v I 3
se vi 0 c) R1=R2=R3=R4=1k .
R2 R1

Comparators with Hysteresis

36. Consider the circuit of theFigure 34,where R1=R2. R2

a. Explain how the circuit works and
R1
sketch the transfer function; vi
+ vo
b. Determine the values of PCI, PCS, VLe VM -
due to the saturation voltage. R3

R: b) PCI=VSAT-, PCS=VSAT+, VL=2*VSAT, VM=0V.

Figure 34

37. Consider aFigure 35with VCC=12V, R1=1.5k , R2

R2=3k , R3=3k , R4=1k the R5=1k . Consider
R1
what VSAT 10V. Calculate the values of PCI, PCS, VLe vI
+ vo
VM. Vcc -
b) PCI-0.5V, PCS=9.5V, VL=10V, VM4.5V. R5
R3 -
+
R4

Figure 35
38. Consider the circuit of theFigure 36,where R1=R2. R3
vi -
a. Explain how the circuit works and vo
+
outline the transfer function;
b. Determine the values of PCI, PCS, VLe VM R2
R1
due to the saturation voltage.
R: b) PCI=VSAT-/2, PCS=VSAT+/2, VL=VSAT, VM=0V.
Figure 36

Electronics II–EE, Exercise Workbook 10/12

 39. Consider theFigure 37with VCC=12V, Vref=3V, R5
vi -
R1=3k , R2=1k R5=750
e Consider vo
+
VSAT 10V. Calculate the values of PCI, PCS, VLVM.
R: b) PCI-0.25V, PCS=4.75V, VL=5V, VM2.25V. vref
R1 R2

Figure 37
40. Consider aFigure 38with R15k , R2=360 , R1
vI - R2 vo
R3=500k , R4=5k , VZ1=6V, VZ2=8V e V =0.7V. + Z1
Calculate the values of PCI, PCS, VLand VM. Outline the Z2
R4 R3
transfer curve indicating all values
relevant.
R: b) PCI-86.14mV, PCS66.34mV, VL=152.48mV, Figure 38
VM-9.9mV.
Oscillators

41. Consider the circuit of theFigure 39. R3

a. Explain the operation of the circuit and
sketch a graph with the output voltage - vo
and the voltage across the capacitor; C +
R1
b. Considering C=100nF and VSAT-= -VSAT+ ,
dimension or circuit in order to obtain R2
a frequency of oscillation of 500Hz.
R: b) A possible solution is R1=12kΩ, R2=10kΩ and
Figure 39
R3=10kΩ.
42. Consider the circuit of theFigure 40. R3
a. Explain how the circuit works and
sketch the output voltage and in - vo
capacitor when applied in Vium D2 C +
R1
short-duration impulse
VI
b. Calculate the width of the output pulse D1 R2
when a short impulse is applied
Duration in Vi, with C=100μF, Vγ=0.7V,
VSat=10.5V, R110kΩ, R2=10kΩ and R3=1kΩ. Figure 40

R: b) ΔT=75.77ms.
[Link] the circuit of theFigure 41. R2
a. Explain how the circuit works and
R1
+ vx
sketch Voe Vx; A1 +
- A2 vo
b. Considering R1=R2R3=15kΩ and C=22μF, -

calculate the oscillation frequency of the C R3

circuit.
Figure 41
R: b) f=0.76Hz.

Electronics II–EE, Workbook 11/12

 44. Answer the following questions: VCC
a. Present the internal schematic of the 555 and
8 4
explain how it works; Ra VCC RST

b. Explain the operation of the circuit of 7

DIS 555 OUT
3 VO
Rb 2
TRIG
Figura 42 and sketch a graph with VThee
6 THR CON
5
VC1; GND

C1 1
C2
c. Considering RA=27kΩ, RB=130kΩ and
C1=C2=10nF, calculate TON, TOFF, the period,
the frequency and the duty cycle. Figure 42
R: c) TON=1.09ms, TOFF=0.9ms, T=1.99ms, f=502.7Hz
D=54.7%.

Electronics II–EE, Exercise Notebook 12/12