Prevention and Important:

early detection The evaluation and tests conducted by a Basic Education Directorate
trained professional can help identify a Department of Special Education
Continuous and attentive observation is required. learning problem. The next step is the
of the students to visualize the factors of through the C.A.M. Sigmund Freud
special education, which includes assistance for the
risk. The areas of observation on which there student in the areas where they need the most help. PRESENTS:
supports the learning of reading and writing
they are related to: Learning problems do not disappear,
but the strategies to cope with them can
Factors
neurofunctional
Visual perception and
auditory, the
improve their academic performance and in their life
daily. Problems of
internalization of
space and time and the
motor skills.
LEARNING
Capacity of Represent
symbolization through a drawing Classification, Characteristics,
specifically (spelling)
a sound (phoneme).
Causes and Detection
Development of the Expressive and
language (It is the basis understanding.
from the reading). phonological function.
semantic function
To know more:
syntactic function. María José Fiuza, M. P. (2014). Scribd. Obtained from
Maturity To maintain the Scribd:
psychosocial concentration and [Link]
necessary motivation 3/fuiza-and-fernandez-difficulties-of-
learning-and-developmental-disorders-pdf
to learn.
Mata, F. S. (1999). Didactics of special education.
Málaga: Aljibe Editions.
Learning problems can be
related to socio-affective processes Psychiatry, A. A. (2014). Consultation Guide of the
(anxiety before separation, school phobia; diagnostic criteria of the DSM - V.
depression) factors sociocultural Washington, DC, USA. Retrieved on the 16
(coming from other cultures) and factors September 2017, of
[Link]
behavioral (disruptive behaviors,
com/2016/03/d5-completo-en-
aggression and/or school bullying.
[Link]
 Classification:
Etiology
Learning difficulties are included in the
DSM-V (2014) in the section on Disorders of Specifically know the causes that
neurological development in the following way: they contribute to the difficulty is complex, therefore
that the explanation based on a single theory is
. With difficulty in reading (precision of the insufficient. The following are taken into account
word reading, speed or fluency, approaches:
understanding).
DYSLEXIA: It is characterized by problems 1. Medical - biological approach. (factors)
with the recognition of words; neurological, genetic, metabolic,
distortion, substitution or omission in reading pre and perinatal background, etc.
silent or oral. Affects parameters. [Link] approach (motivation,
evolutionary aspects such as; body schema, affectivity and basic cognitive abilities
that underlie behavior; attention,
What are they? spatial orientation, attention, etc. memory, perception, language, motor skills,
etc.).
They refer to an evolutionary delay, due to . With difficulty in written expression Behaviorist approach.
(spelling, grammatical and correction of) Cognitive approach: Knowledge,
therefore, it has a functional character (unlike
scoring clarity and organization. style and form (Mata, 1999) of learning
of a disorder that is related to a DISORTOGRAPHY: A set of errors in meta cognition.
alteration in the organic plane). It affects the the writing that affects the word and not its [Link] approach. (Vygotsky)
neurological function and therefore the graphy. The main errors are linguistic- 4. Ecological approach (difficulties caused
execution of certain skills (e.g. perceptive, spatial visions, audiovisuals, due to contextual and personal factors and the
reading in dyslexia. related to content and spelling interaction between both.
DYSGRAPHIA: Functional deficiencies
that affect the quality of writing, in what
They begin in school age, without regarding the stroke of the writing. The main
embargo, they manifest until the The alterations are of a motor type.
academic skills demands
affected exceed the capacities of the . With mathematical difficulty (numbers,
individual (excessively heavy tasks). memorization of mathematical operations,
correct calculation, mathematical reasoning.
DYSLEXIA: It is characterized by problems
They are characterized by performance of processing numerical information,
learning of mathematical operations, etc.
academically below expectations
according to their chronological age, schooling and The term is not included in the DSM-V, both are
level of intelligence in daily activities they encompass in the designation difficulties in expression
that require reading, writing or calculation written in the set of difficulties that corresponds
to the specific learning disorder.
against a good intellectual potential.