YEAR OF THE CONSOLIDATION OF THE GRAU SEA

INStItUtO DE EDUCACIÓN SUpERIOR tECNOLÓGICO pUbLICO

túpAC AMARU

PROFESSIONAL CAREER IN ELECTRONICS

INDUSTRIAL

INFORME DE PRÁCTICAS
MODULE I REPORT

DESIGN AND INSTALLATIONS OF SYSTEMS

ELECTRIC - ELECTRONIC

ALUMNO:María del Carmen Farfán Huanca

CODE:131EA09

Cusco - 2016
 Index
1. Presentation ..............................................................................................3
2. General data.......................................................................................4
2.1 names and surnames of the intern ..............................................................4
2.2 Professional Career
2.3 Functions and/or activities carried out during the internship........................4
2.4 Internship execution period.................................................................4
2.5 Total hours accumulated ...........................................................................4
2.6 Data of the responsible person, under whose guidance and/or advice it was carried out

the practice (Names and surnames, position or other additional data) ............4
3. Theoretical-conceptual and technical framework of the company................................5

3.1 Organization of the practices .......................................................................5

3.2 Situational diagnosis of the area where the work was developed..................5
3.3 Methods, techniques and procedures used............................................6
3.4 Materials, instruments, and/or equipment...........................................................7
3.4.1 Materials ................................................................. 7
3.4.2 Basic tools and equipment ......................................................12
3.5 Theoretical-conceptual framework of the technical and scientific aspect involved in the

practice.......................................................................................................14
3.6 Sequence of tasks and/or activities carried out, as present
booklet, professional contribution..................................................16
3.7 Achievements reached ......................................................................................17
3.8 Dificultades ................................................................................................18
4. Conclusions and recommendations...........................................................20
5. Bibliography consulted..........................................................................21
6. Annexes (Photographs)..........................................................22

3
 PRESENTATION

In this report, I describe the experiences of the development of the

Pre-professional practices of MODULE I (DESIGN AND INSTALLATIONS
DE SYSTEMS ELECTRICAL-ELECTRONIC, carried out
satisfactorily at the company "VISION EPSARE S.R.L." LOCATED IN
SAN ANTONIO A-3 SAN SEBASTIAN, after such practices, my vision,
knowledge and that of all my colleagues who did the internships
they expanded, confirming that the world of electronics is immense and its
applications are infinite and in all fields, during the practices there were
stumbles, mistakes, ignorance, and sometimes negligence, but it was not
impediment to learning and achieving successful repairs and installations
demonstrating that experience and prior knowledge are fundamental
to be a good professional.

Having gone through all those experiences and application of knowledge

I present this report in which the scope and tasks that have been assigned to me are disclosed.

they have been appointed to conduct electronic research, I hope it will be of

complete satisfaction.

The same one that is written following the specifications given by the
SCHEME FOR THE PRESENTATION OF THE REPORT OF THE
PRÁCTICA MODULAR” consignado en el “CONTROL DIARIO DE
"PRACTICES" and following the respective APA guidelines, used for the purpose of
that the writing is done correctly.

2
2. GENERAL DATA OF THE INTERN

2.1 Names and Surnames of the Intern

Maria del Carmen Farfan Huanca

2.2 Professional Career

Industrial electronics of ISTTA

2.3 Functions and/or activities carried out during the practice

The company VISION EPSARE where I did my pre-professional internship,

as part of my academic training, during which I developed work
such as electrical installations (conduit, cabling, installation of accessories),
internet installation (cabling, crimping, placement of accessories) and well to
earth.

2.4 Internship execution period

La fecha deInicio: 10 de enero de 2016 y la fecha en la cual se Terminó: 18 de

February2016.

2.5 Total accumulated hours

The time I spent doing my internship was 336 hours.

2.6 Data of the responsible person, under whose guidance and/or advice the work was carried out.
the practice (First and last names, position and other additional information)

First and last names : Juvenal Cruz Escalante

Position within the company : General manager
- Celular : 974906767
email :visión_epsare@[Link]

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3- Theoretical, Conceptual, and Technical Framework of the Company

It will be a theoretical conceptual description of the scientific technical aspects.

inherent to the development of the practice, which will be addressed in terms of:
3.1 Organization of the Practices.

It was organized in the following way:

Electrical installations are the set of electronic circuits that are installed.
in a specific place, they have a specific use. It includes the
necessary equipment to ensure its proper functioning and connection with
the corresponding electronic devices, the phases of the electrical installation
son: tubing, wiring, placement of accessories, etc.

Internet installation is basically a group of interconnected devices.

between each other via cables, often with the help of a router, which allows us
brings to the forefront regarding networks, the phases of this installation are: the
wiring, crimping, placement of accessories, etc.

Grounding refers to the set of electrodes and conductive parts that

in contact with the earth, allow all fault currents to drain into it,
so that it cannot damage the work equipment.

3.2 Situational Diagnosis of the Area Where the Practices Were Developed.

The workspace was very large because it was in the Mixed Educational Institution.
San Luis Gonzaga of San Jerónimo, since the institution was being remodeled.
therefore I had several very spacious and comfortable environments to do respectively
installations.

In these environments, the development of the practices was carried out, the same ones that

were specified in the organization of the practice.

5
3.3 Methods, Techniques, and Procedures Used.

The methods and techniques used for the electrical installation of an environment
son

Cut off the electrical supply by disconnecting the main switch.

Respect the current regulations established in the RBT (Regulations)
Electrician for Low Voltage). In case of doubt, consult with a
authorized installer.
Always use approved tools and products.
We created a schematic of the electrical installation.
We draw a sketch of the house, indicating the rooms.
and indicating in each area where we want to place the light points,
switches and the plugs.
Cable splicing for electrical installation.
The routing of electrical cables can be done on the surface or
built-in. Making it built-in looks better, but requires work.
masonry, opening grooves through all the walls, introducing the
cables and then covering them with plaster.

We proceed with the installation of all the plugs and switches in the
desired places. To make it comfortable for us, the switches are
they are placed 110 cm from the floor, and the outlets between 20-30 cm from the

soil.

The methods and techniques used for the installation of ETHERNET.

Respect the current regulations.

Always use appropriate tools for the work to be done.
We made a layout of the electrical installation.
We draw a sketch of the house, indicating the rooms.
and pointing out in each area where we want to place the light points,
switches and plugs.

6
 We can lay UTP cables on the surface.
We proceed to the placement of all the sockets and switches in the
desired places. For our convenience, the switches are
they are placed 110 cm from the ground, and the sockets between 20-30 cm from the

ground and in some cases on the same surface of the ground or floor (in case
of being multi-story buildings).

3.4 Materials, Instruments and/or Equipment

These are all the resources that will be used to develop the
work is divided into materials and instruments.

3.4.1 Materials

PVC Pipe

The acronym PVC stands for polyvinyl chloride and it is a rigid white plastic that
it is used in sanitary waste lines, ventilation pipes, and traps
drainage for domestic applications (including installation work
electric) and commercial. It is a strong rigid tube, resistant to chemicals, that
it cuts and measures easily and is often used to repair sections of
broken cast iron pipe.

pass boxes

It is a container for electrical connections, generally intended to conceal them.

out of sight and discourage manipulation. A small junction box of
Metal or plastic can be part of an electrical conduit or cable with
thermoplastic fund (TPS) of the system in a building.

Switches

An electrical switch is a device that allows to divert or interrupt the

course of an electric current. In the modern world its types and applications
they are countless, ranging from a simple switch that turns off or on a
bulb, even a complex automatic multi-transfer switch
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layers, computer-controlled.

Its simplest expression consists of two stainless steel contacts and the
actuating. The contacts, normally separated, are joined by an actuating element.
to allow the current to flow. The actuator is the moving part that in one of
its positions apply pressure on the contacts to keep them together.

Power outlet

The term power outlet is used to refer to the element that, in a

electrical installation, has slots for the insertion of plugs.

Lighting and distribution boards

It is one of the main components of an electrical installation, in which it

they protect each of the different circuits in which the installation is divided
through fuses, thermomagnetic protections, and differential protections. At least there is
a main panel per installation, as occurs in most homes,
and from this one or more secondary panels can be fed, as happens
normally in industrial installations and large commerce.

Thermal magnetic circuit breakers

It is a device capable of interrupting the electric current of a circuit.

when it exceeds certain maximum values. Its operation is based on
two of the effects produced by the flow of current in a circuit: the
magnetic and thermal (Joule effect). The device therefore consists of two
parts, an electromagnet and a bimetallic strip, connected in series and through which
the current circulates towards the load.

Knives or wire strippers

We use the tools to remove the insulation or

the outer cover, an insulating material tube, that the cables have
electricity to be protected. The most effective way to do this is

8
using wire stripper pliers.

Lighting units (fixtures)

Lighting fixtures are devices that serve as support and connection to the electrical grid.
the lamps. Since this is not enough for them to fulfill their function efficiently, it is
it is necessary that they meet a series of optical, mechanical, and electrical characteristics

among others.

At the optical level, the luminaire is responsible for the control and distribution of the
Light emitted by the lamp. It is important, therefore, that in the design of your system
Optical takes care of the shape and distribution of light, the performance of the set.
lamp-lighting and the glare that it may cause in users.
Other requirements that the fixtures must meet is that they should be easy to install.
and maintenance. For this, the materials used in its construction must be
be suitable to withstand the environment in which the luminaire must operate and
keep the lamp temperature within operational limits.
All this without losing sight of no less important aspects such as the economy or
the aesthetics.

Transformers

Transformers are static electromagnetic devices that allow

starting from an alternating voltage connected to its input, obtain another voltage
alternates greater or lesser than the previous one in the output of the transformer.

This allows to provide an adequate tension to the characteristics of the

receivers. They are also essential for the transportation of electrical energy to
long distances at high voltages, with minimal losses and conductors of
moderated sections.

Conductors (cables or wires) depending on the diameter and the length that is
is going to need.

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The wires used to conduct electricity are generally made of
copper, due to the excellent conductivity of this material, or aluminum that
Although it has lower conductivity, it is more economical.

It generally has insulation in the range of 500 µm up to 5 cm;

dicho aislamiento es plástico, su tipo y grosor dependerá del nivel de tensión de
work, the nominal current, of the ambient temperature and of the temperature of
driver service.

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) elements

PPE includes all those devices, accessories, and clothing of

various designs that the worker uses to protect themselves against possible
Injuries are one of the most basic concepts regarding safety.
in the workplace and are necessary when hazards have not been able to be
completely eliminated or controlled by other means such as: The
electric installers.

Safety helmets provide protection against impact cases and

penetration of objects falling on the head.

Protective glasses for workers engaged in operations that

require the use of corrosive chemical substances or similar, will be manufactured
soft material that fits the face, resistant to such attacks
substances.

Earplugs are elements that are inserted into the external auditory canal and
they remain in position without any special holding device.

Ear pads are semi-spherical plastic elements, filled with absorbents of

noise (porous material), which are held by a fastening band
around the head.

10
For handling rough materials or those with sharp edges, it is recommended
the use of leather or canvas gloves. For electrical work, gloves must be worn
of insulating material.

Safety footwear must protect workers' feet from moisture.

and hot substances, against rough surfaces, against footsteps on objects
sharp and pointed and against falling objects, it must also protect against the
electrical risk

Ground electrode

It is used in electrical installations to ground any branch.

electric current leakage to elements that may be in contact
with users (housings, insulations, etc.) of normally used devices, for a
failure of the insulation of the active conductors, preventing the flow of current to
possible user.

The grounding is a union of all metallic elements that by means of

sufficiently sized cables between the parts of an installation and a set of
electrodes, allows the deviation of fault currents or discharge types
atmospheric, and ensures that a dangerous potential difference cannot be established
in the buildings, facilities, and area close to the ground.

Black insulating tape

Electrical tape (also known as insulating tape or isolation tape) is a

type of pressure-sensitive adhesive tape used mainly to insulate joints of
wires and electrical cables. This type of tape is capable of withstanding conditions of
extreme temperatures, corrosion, humidity, and high voltages. The tape is
made of thin PVC material, with a width generally of 14 mm;
one side of the tape is coated with an adhesive. The PVC has been
chosen for being a low-cost, flexible material with excellent properties
of electrical insulation, although it has the disadvantage of hardening over time and
the heat.

11
3.4.2 Basic Tools and Equipment

Among the basic tools and equipment we have:

EQUIPMENT: The equipment and devices that are installed for operation.
correct of the Electrical Installations, they must comply with the requirements and
characteristics.

The basic tools you will need are as follows

a). Multimeter

It is an electronic instrument that consists of a selector according to usage and type.

of measurement, two terminals (common and positive) respectively having in
type of quantity to be measured.

Able to measure electrical magnitudes in the workplace and used as

three instruments in one (voltmeter, ammeter, and ohmmeter) which
they measure voltage, current, and resistance respectively. Very important,
essential and indispensable in the work of electrical installations in
buildings and others in the field of electronics.

The digital multimeter is an electronic measuring instrument that

generally calculates voltage, resistance, and current, although depending on the
multimeter model can measure other magnitudes such as capacitance and
temperature. Thanks to the multimeter, we can verify the correct
operation of electronic components and circuits.

b). Cutting pliers

c). Needle-nose pliers

d). Flathead screwdriver.

This tool is very similar and identical if not the same on the surface.
Physics, the only difference is in the adjustment and readjustment terminal has a form
plan for screws with a pressure head in the shape of (-).

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e). Screwdriver with a cross tip.

g). (Optional) Knife or cutter (you can also strip the conductors with the
tweezers)

OTHERS:

a). Flashlight:

Generally, the cuts occur with the light on while we are in

this situation being at night, in dark places and with little light. Choose a place
where to keep the flashlight; it should always be the same so that you can find it in the

moment of needing it. It must be in good condition, with the batteries in good shape.
operation.

b). Insulating tape:

The insulating tape is used for isolating two wires when they remain
peeled momentarily. With one of 20 meters, you will have more than enough.

c). Terminal pliers, tongs, or crimping pliers:

The pliers and tongs must have a plastic handle or insulating material for
prevent accidents. Any of them will work for working with the cables.
electric and can be one of universal size and another of choice. The pliers of
Multifunction terminals are used for cutting and stripping wires.

d). Screwdrivers and voltage testers:

The most important is the plan, of course with insulating material, of size
small. It can also incorporate a star tip. They are available in the market.
The test pens are very practical for checking the existence of electricity.
they use a neon lamp in the handle of the screwdriver that lights up
It reveals the presence of current.

e). Multimeter -digital or analog- (for voltage measurements and

continuity).

13
f). Tester (phase detection in a group of conductors)

g). Wire Strippers (stripping the ends of conductors), pointed (bending the)
ends of the wires to place them on the screws of some device) and
for cutting (essentially to cut conductors).

h). Conduit Bender (bends metal conduit pipe), groover (cuts the
cutting leaving two lines at a certain adjustable depth with two saw-type discs
to later detach the center part of the grooves with a chisel and hammer
leaving a channel to accommodate a hose or conduit tube.

i). Pull cable guide or probe (allows you to pull the cables to place them in the pipe
conduit).

h). Hammer

k). Welding gun (to weld joints in order to avoid false)

contacts).

Drill -and concrete drill bits- (to drill the walls to house different
accessories such as Instruments and/or Equipment.

3.5 Theoretical-conceptual framework of the technical, scientific aspect involved in the

practice.

The theory of electrical installation and the functioning of electric current

within a certain space is governed by a framework known as
electrical circuit, which gives us the certainty that a certain model of
installation will work or not. The theory within the electrical field consists of
explain how the electrical system works in the real world, let's understand it
as natural phenomena that are explained by science.

The electronic circuit or electronic

The electric charges that constitute an electric current move from one point
that has a higher electric potential than one that has a lower potential. For
maintain that potential difference permanently, also called voltage
14
or tension between the ends of a conductor, a device called
generator (batteries, batteries, dynamos, alternators) that takes the incoming loads
to one end and pushed them to the other. The flow of electric charges through a
A conductor constitutes an electric current. This circuit is composed of:

- Generator: they produce and maintain electric current. There are 2 types of
current direct current and alternating current (click on the underscored link if you want)
learn more about c.c. and c.a.)

Batteries and accumulators: they are generators of direct current (dc).

-Alternators: they are generators of alternating current (a.c.)

Conductors: it is where the electric current moves from one element to another.
of the circuit. They are made of copper or aluminum, good conductive materials of the

electricity, or in other words, it offers very little resistance to the passage of

current by them.

Receivers: They are the elements that transform electrical energy into another type.
of energy, for example, light bulbs convert electrical energy into light, the
radiators in heat, engines in motion, etc.

Control elements: allow directing or cutting off the passage at will.

electric current. We have switches, buttons, toggles, etc.

Protection elements: protect circuits and people when there is

danger or the current is very high, with risk of burning the elements of the
circuit. We have fuses, circuit breakers, differential switches, etc.

To simplify the drawing of electrical circuits, diagrams are used with

symbols. The symbols represent the elements of the circuit in a
simplified and easy to draw.

Grounding system (operational logic)

The ground connection works through a 'third wire or cable' incorporated

in the electrical sockets and cables. This intermediate cable is called
15
third conductor, which represents protection against shock or discharge
electricity that must be present in every device, extension, or installation
electrical. The ground connection establishes the electrical union between the frame
metallic of electrical devices and grounding.

The grounding (whether ground electrode or mesh) will be located in the ground.
beneath the surface of your house or office.

The grounding system extends from the ground connection to all the
installations, through the third conductor, which must be present in all your
power outlet.

Avoid the risk of electrocution, check that your house has a system of
ground protection. In case you are unsure if your house has this protection,
have a specialist review your electrical installation.

3.6 Sequence of tasks and/or activities carried out, as presented

notebook, professional contribution.

The activities carried out do not have a defined order, as each day...
they established different activities based on the needs of the work, therefore not
there is a defined sequence, but gradually it was learned
Gradually the order of the electrical installation and internet work.

Wiring for internet connection with UTP cable and electrical circuits

It is the physical medium (cables) through which devices are interconnected.

electricals to form a network, in order to connect the sensors, lights,
outlets, switches, smoke detector, etc. In the case of the connection
UTP of category #6 was used for PC 36 for the environment.

Internet cable crimping

Cut a piece of cable to the desired length for the cable harness.

2. Peel the outer insulation of the cable to a length of approximately 1.5 cm.
at the end where we are going to place the modular connector. When doing this
16
During the process, we will take care not to damage the insulation of the conductors.
interiors.

For this we will use crimping pliers.

3. Place the internal conductors, with their individual covering, one next to the other.
another in the same plane to be able to introduce them into the modular connector. The order

It shows the figure. When we have the cables placed in the same
Flat and orderly, we will cut the ends of the inner conductors at right angles.
to level the set of them.

4. Take the modular connector with the contacts facing upwards.

tab at the bottom) insert the internal conductors of the cable into it
until reaching the bottom. With the conductors aligned at the upper end
from the modular connector and directly below the golden contacts. Observe
that all the drivers are perfectly inserted to the bottom.
Observe the order of the wires considering from which point it is 'looked at'.
connector.

5. Insert the RJ-45 modular connector into the crimping tool's nozzle and
press firmly until the gold contacts are perfectly in place
introduced, securing the conductors inside the connector.

Connection of double switches

Once the power supply in the electrical panel is disconnected, proceed with the
installation

Put two wires from the mechanism box to the junction box. From
the junction box, leads each of the cables to each of the lamps through its
corresponding tube and make the corresponding connections for each lamp
to its correct switches.

- installation of outlets, To install an outlet, it is necessary to

to disassemble the previous outlet by removing the screws that secure it

17
socket to the box, then loosen the screws that secure the wires and
place the new one. If it is a new installation, we must first place the
cables inside the tube and proceed as was done with the switches, see
Single switch and multiple switch. In the case of the outlets,
cables connect to the positive and negative of the installation directly.

Installation of luminaires

It consisted of placing and installing the devices that would be connected to the electrical network.

to illuminate the environments, among the fixtures that were installed we have:
fluorescent lights, lamps, etc.

Installation of smoke sensors

It consists of connecting smoke detection devices to the electrical system.

fire case.

Cable splicing

Always prefer the use of wire strippers over pliers.

Always use a wire stripper to strip cords. With pliers, you could break one.
copper wire and that will reduce the effectiveness of the cable or even worse: it could
to start a fire.

Roll each wire. With the tips of your fingers or with pliers for electrical use.
twist the free side of the lace until they are braided.

Repeat this operation with all the laces that need to be added. This step
it's not useful for the wire.

Repair of defective light fixtures

When a lighting fixture was installed, in some cases, they did not turn on, so
A review was carried out to detect the problem and provide a solution.
suitable

18
Grounding cable installation

A pit in the ground is basically that, a pit, a hole that we fill with dirt.
(it can be useful for plants or crops) where we connect the cable of
grounding that comes from the installation. There are different ways to do it, but
They all rely on the principle of burying a copper rod or javelin.
Commercially, this bar is called Copperweld. It is about 2 meters long and
it is sold in hardware stores and construction warehouses.

3.7 Achievements Accomplished

The achievements reached during the time of development of the work and the practices
are made:

The correct installation of the electrical system, which involves its multiple
components or phases, such as the installation of cables or wiring, as well as the
installation of equipment or devices that are connected to the electrical system such as: the

smoke detectors, lights; also the installation of outlets and

switches, items that are always connected to the electrical network of the
environments.

Regarding the installation of ETHERNET, the respective wiring, and the

installation of its different components of the internet network that will supply the
school building where I worked.

3.8 Difficulties
As generally every practitioner in the beginning has small problems.
Regarding the misinformation about not having had contact before.
with materials he faced, there was that ignorance that in the end
was supported with the help of the supervisors and coworkers who helped me
they helped. Some of the common difficulties were:

Lack of knowledge of components and techniques used for the work.

Misunderstanding of some tasks or misinterpretation.
Lack of instruction and training to develop tasks.
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4. Conclusions and recommendations

The work carried out in the project conducted at the institution 'San Luis'
Gonzaga allowed me to apply what I learned in the classroom to the workforce.
real, getting more familiar with the instruments and tools that I will use
frequently in the near future when I practice my career for which I
I am developing

By studying more, it is possible that we will have a much greater opportunity to understand the

the work we do, it would be very good if the practice hours are increased
since having more experience, it is much more likely that their behavior in a
work is the most suitable and optimal.

20
 5. Consulted bibliography
For the preparation of this report, the following websites were used.

[Link]
[Link]

[Link]

[Link]

[Link]

[Link]

[Link]

21
 6. Annexes

Photo1, Wiring process for the internet.

Photo 2, Wiring and installation of the outlet with

cover.

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Photo 3, combing the board.

Photo 4, view of the alarm system.

23