Artificial Intelligence – Quick Handbook (IB JIO

Exam)

Focused Notes + Key Algorithms + 100 Expected MCQs

1. Search Algorithms
• Breadth First Search (BFS): Level-wise search, uses Queue, finds shortest path in unweighted
graph.
• Depth First Search (DFS): Explores deep paths first, uses Stack/Recursion, useful in cycle
detection.
• A* Algorithm: Uses f(n) = g(n) + h(n). Combines path cost and heuristic. Guarantees shortest
path if heuristic admissible.
• Hill Climbing: Local search algorithm. Always moves to better neighbor. Problem: Local maxima
trap.
• Simulated Annealing: Variant of Hill Climbing with randomness. Can escape local maxima.
2. Game Playing Algorithms
• Minimax Algorithm: Two-player games (e.g., Chess, Tic-Tac-Toe). Maximizer vs Minimizer.
• Alpha-Beta Pruning: Improves Minimax by eliminating unnecessary nodes. Uses Alpha (max
lower bound) and Beta (min upper bound).
3. Optimization Algorithms
• Genetic Algorithm: Evolutionary algorithm based on Darwin’s principle. Operators – Selection,
Crossover, Mutation.
• Branch and Bound: Optimization by breaking problem into sub-problems (branching) and
eliminating non-promising ones (bounding).
4. Other Important Concepts
• Greedy Algorithm vs Dynamic Programming (difference in approach).
• Applications: A* (Google Maps), Minimax (Chess AI), Genetic Algorithm (Robotics,
Scheduling).
Practice MCQs (100 Expected with Answers)
Q1: Which algorithm is based on Darwin’s theory of evolution?
Ans: Genetic Algorithm
Q2: Which algorithm uses f(n) = g(n) + h(n)?
Ans: A* Algorithm
Q3: Which algorithm may get stuck in local maxima?
Ans: Hill Climbing
Q4: Alpha and Beta values are used in?
Ans: Alpha-Beta Pruning
Q5: Which algorithm is mainly used in Chess AI?
Ans: Minimax Algorithm
Q6: Branch and Bound is mainly used for?
Ans: Optimization Problems
Q7: Simulated Annealing is designed to overcome?
Ans: Local Maxima Problem
Q8: Which search algorithm uses Queue?
Ans: Breadth First Search
Q9: Which search algorithm uses Stack?
Ans: Depth First Search
Q10: Which AI algorithm uses Selection, Crossover, Mutation?
Ans: Genetic Algorithm
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