Electrical Engineering Technology Program

Department of Electronic Engineering Technology

GEN111 – Applied Mathematics I
Fall 2023 – Bonus Assignment Final Answers

Assignment Scope: lectures 9-14 Maximum Grade: 10

Student Name: Student ID:

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Assignment Objectives:
● Topic#1: Derivatives of logarithmic, inverse trigonometric, and inverse hyperbolic functions.
● Topic#2: Linear approximations and differentials.
● Topic#3: Indeterminate forms and l’Hospital’s rule.
● Topic#4: Absolute extreme values and concavity/convexity of functions.
● Topic#5: Optimization.
● Topic#6: Curve sketching.
● Topic#7: Basics of integration.
Assignment Exercises:
Exercise 1: Find the first derivative for each of the following functions.
a. 𝑦 = ln √𝑥 − 3 b. 𝑦 = 𝑥 𝑥 c. 𝑦 = ln (𝑥2
√𝑥−3
+1)(𝑥 2 +4)
Solution
a. 𝑦 = 0.5 ln(𝑥 − 3) b. ln 𝑦 = 𝑥 ln 𝑥 c. 𝑦 =ln√𝑥 − 3 − ln(𝑥 2 + 1) − ln(𝑥 2 + 4)
1 𝑦′
= ln 𝑥 + 1 = 0.5 ln(𝑥 − 3) − ln(𝑥 2 + 1) − ln(𝑥 2 + 4)
𝑦′ = 𝑦
1 2𝑥 2𝑥
2(𝑥 − 3) 𝑦 ′ = 𝑥 𝑥 (ln 𝑥 + 1) 𝑦′ = − 2 − 2
2(𝑥 − 3) 𝑥 + 1 𝑥 + 4
3 3
Exercise 2: Use a linear approximation for the function 𝑓(𝑥) = √1 + 3𝑥 to estimate the value of √1.03.
Solution
The linearization of the function 𝑓 at the point 𝑥 = 0 is 𝐿(𝑥) = 𝑓(0) + 𝑓 ′ (0)(𝑥 − 0) = 1 + 𝑥.
3
Near 𝑥 = 0, the linear approximation of the function is 𝑓 (𝑥) ≈ 1 + 𝑥 ⟹ √1.03 = 𝑓 (0.01) ≈ 1.01.

Exercise 3: Evaluate 𝑑𝑦 if 𝑦 = 𝑥 3 − 2𝑥 2 + 1, 𝑥 = 2, and 𝑑𝑥 = 0.2.

Solution
𝑑𝑦 = 𝑓 ′ (𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = (3𝑥 2 − 4𝑥)𝑑𝑥
At 𝑥 = 2, and 𝑑𝑥 = 0.2,
𝑑𝑦 = (4)(0.2) = 0.8

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Exercise 4:
Find the absolute maximum and minimum values for each function on the specified interval.
a) 𝑓(𝑥) = 4 − 𝑥 2 ; [−3, 1] b) 𝑓(𝑥) = 3𝑥 3 − 12𝑥 + 5; [0, 3]
Solution
a. 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = −2𝑥 b. 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 9𝑥 2 − 12
To find the critical numbers, set 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 0 To find the critical numbers, set 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 0
−2𝑥 = 0 ⟹ 𝑥 = 0 2√3
𝑓(0) = 4 (absolute max) 9𝑥 2 − 12 = 0 ⟹ 𝑥 =
3
𝑓(−3) = −5 (absolute min) 2√3 2√3
𝑥 = − 3 is not accepted since − 3 ∉ [0, 3]
𝑓(1) = 3
2√3 16√3
𝑓 ( 3 ) = − 3 + 5 (absolute min)
𝑓(0) = 5
𝑓(3) = 50 (absolute max)
Exercise 5:
Discuss the monotonicity and find the local extreme values for each function.
2
a) 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥𝑒 −2𝑥 b) 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 √3 − 𝑥
Solution
2 2 2 𝑥(12−5𝑥)
a. 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 𝑒 −2𝑥 − 4𝑥 2 𝑒 −2𝑥 = 𝑒 −2𝑥 (1 − 4𝑥 2 ) b. 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 2√3−𝑥
To find the critical numbers, set 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 0 To find the critical numbers, set 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 0
−2𝑥 2 (1 2)
𝑒 − 4𝑥 ⟹ 𝑥 = 0.5 , −0.5 𝑥(12 − 5𝑥) ⟹ 𝑥 = 0, 2.4
𝑓 decreases on (−∞, −0.5) ∪ (0.5, ∞) since 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) < 0 and seek the value(s) of 𝑥, if any, for which 𝑓 ′ (𝑥)
1 1
𝑓 increases on (−0.5, 0.5) (− 2 , 2) since 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) > 0 does not exist: 2√3 − 𝑥 = 0 ⟹ 𝑥 = 3
The point (−0.5, −0.5𝑒 −0.5 ) is a local min point 𝑓 decreases on (−∞, 0) ∪ (2.4, 3) since 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) < 0
The point (0.5, 0.5𝑒 −0.5 ) is a local max point 𝑓 increases on (0, 2.4) since 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) > 0
The point (0, 0) is a local min point
The point (2.4, 5.76√0.6) is a local max point
Exercise 6:
Find each of the following limits, if it exists, or show that the limit does not exist.
ln 𝑥 1 cos 𝑥
a. lim+ 1+2 ln(sin 𝑥) b. lim 𝑥 tan 𝑥 c. lim+ 1−sin 𝑥
𝑥→0 𝑥→∞ 𝜋
𝑥→
2

d. lim
ln(ln 𝑥) e. lim sin 𝑥 f. lim sin−1 (tanh 𝑥)
𝑥→∞ 𝑥 𝑥→∞ 𝑥→∞

g. lim sin(tan−1 𝑥) h. lim arctan(2𝑥 ) i. lim 𝑒 −2𝑥 cos 𝑥

𝑥→∞ 𝑥→∞ 𝑥→∞
j. lim tan−1 (ln 𝑥) 𝑥2 sin 𝑥
𝑥→0+ k. lim l. lim
𝑥→∞ 2𝑥 𝑥→∞ 𝑥

𝑒 sin 𝑥 −1
m. lim 𝑥−𝜋
𝑥→𝜋

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 ln 𝑥 −∞ 1 cos 𝑥 0
lim+ = lim 𝑥 tan = ∞ tan 0 = (∞)(0) lim+ =
𝑥→0 1 + 2 ln(sin 𝑥) −∞ 𝑥→∞ 𝑥 𝑥→
𝜋 1 − sin 𝑥 0
1 2
Applying L’Hospital’s rule, Set 𝑡 = 𝑥 Applying L’Hospital’s rule,
1⁄𝑥 tan 𝑥 1 tan 𝑡 − sin 𝑥
lim+ = 0.5 lim+ lim 𝑥 tan = lim =1 lim+ = −∞
𝑥→0 2 cot 𝑥 𝑥→0 𝑥 𝑥 𝑡→0 𝑡
𝑥→∞ 𝜋 − cos 𝑥
𝑥→
= 0.5 2
The limit does not exist.

ln(ln 𝑥) ∞ lim sin 𝑥 𝜋

lim = 𝑥→∞ lim sin−1 (tanh 𝑥) =
𝑥→∞ 𝑥 ∞ 𝑥→∞ 2
The limit does not exist.
Applying L’Hospital’s rule,
1
lim =0
𝑥→∞ 𝑥 ln 𝑥

lim sin(tan−1 𝑥) = 1 𝜋 lim 𝑒 −2𝑥 cos 𝑥 = 0

𝑥→∞ lim arctan(2𝑥 ) = 𝑥→∞
𝑥→∞ 2
𝜋 𝑥2 sin 𝑥
lim+ tan−1 (ln 𝑥) = − lim =0 lim =0
𝑥→0 2 𝑥→∞ 2𝑥 𝑥→∞ 𝑥

𝑒 sin 𝑥 − 1 0
lim =
𝑥→𝜋 𝑥 − 𝜋 0
Applying L’Hospital’s rule,
𝑒 sin 𝑥 cos 𝑥
lim = −1
𝑥→𝜋 1

Exercise 7:
Determine whether each statement is true or false. Correct the false statement(s).
𝑑
1. If 𝑓 and 𝑔 are differentiable, then [𝑓(𝑥) 𝑔(𝑥)] = 𝑓′(𝑥) 𝑔′(𝑥).
𝑑𝑥
𝑑
False. 𝑑𝑥 [𝑓(𝑥) 𝑔(𝑥)] = 𝑓′(𝑥) 𝑔(𝑥) + 𝑓(𝑥)𝑔′(𝑥)
2. If 𝑦 = 𝑒 2 , then 𝑦′ = 2𝑒.
False. 𝑦 ′ = 0
𝑑
3. 𝑑𝑥 (10𝑥 ) = 𝑥 10𝑥−1 .
𝑑
False. 𝑑𝑥 (10𝑥 ) = 10𝑥 ln 10 .
𝑑 𝑑
4. 𝑑𝑥 (tan2 𝑥) = 𝑑𝑥 (sec 2 𝑥). True.
𝜋 𝑑 𝑑
5. If 𝜃 ∈ (0, 2 ), then 𝑑𝜃 (tan−1 𝜃) = 𝑑𝜃 (cot −1 𝜃).
𝑑 𝑑
False. 𝑑𝜃 (tan−1 𝜃) = − 𝑑𝜃 (cot −1 𝜃)
6. For any 𝑥 ∈ (0, 𝜋⁄2), it holds that sin−1 𝑥 + cos −1 𝑥 = 𝜋⁄2. True.

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7. Polynomial, sinusoidal, and exponential functions are closed under differentiation. True.
8. The derivative of a rational function is a rational function. True.
9. If 𝑓(𝑥) = (𝑥 6 − 𝑥 4 )31 , then 𝑓 (11) (𝑥) = 𝑓 (11) (−𝑥).
False. 𝑓 (11) (𝑥) = −𝑓 (11) (−𝑥) since 𝑓 (11) is an odd function.
𝑔(𝑥)−𝑔(2)
10. If 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥 5 , then lim 𝑥−2 = 80. True.
𝑥→2

Exercise 8:
Find the intervals over which each function is concave upward or downward. Deduce the inflection point(s), if
any.
a) 𝑓(𝑥) = 4𝑥 3 − 4𝑥
b) 𝑓(𝑥) = 8 − 6𝑥 − 𝑥 2
a. 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 12𝑥 2 − 4 and 𝑓 ′ ′(𝑥) = 24𝑥
𝑓 is concave down on (−∞, 0), concave up on (0, ∞), and (0, 0) is an inflection point.
b. 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = −6 − 2𝑥 and 𝑓 ′′ (𝑥) = −2
𝑓 is concave down for all real 𝑥. The function attains no inflection points.

Exercise 9:
Find the point on the line 𝑦 = 2𝑥 + 3 that is closest to the origin.
First approach:
The line has a slope of 2
A perpendicular line would have a slope of −0.5.
The equation of the perpendicular line which passes through the origin is 𝑦 = −0.5𝑥
Solving the equations of the two lines simultaneously, we get the point (−1.2, 0.6).
Second approach:
We seek the point (𝑥, 𝑦), which lies on the line 𝑦 = 2𝑥 + 3, and is closest to the origin.
We need to minimize the distance between the points (𝑥, 𝑦) and the origin.
The distance is 𝑑 = √(𝑥 − 0)2 + (𝑦 − 0)2 .
Instead of minimizing the distance 𝑑, it would be easier to minimize the function 𝑓 = 𝑑 2 . The minimum
for 𝑑 and 𝑑 2 should occur at the same value(s) of the independent variable(s).
The expression of 𝑑 2 is 𝑓 = 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 . However, 𝑦 = 2𝑥 + 3.
Therefore, the function 𝑓 can be repressed as
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 + (2𝑥 + 3)2 = 𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 2 + 12𝑥 + 9 ⟹ 𝑓(𝑥) = 5𝑥 2 + 12𝑥 + 9
The first derivative is 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 10𝑥 + 12
To find the critical numbers, we seek the values of 𝑥 for which 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 0 ⟹ 𝑥 = −1.2
and 𝑓 ′ (𝑥): does not exist⟹ 𝑥 ∈ { }
The set of real numbers is subdivided into two intervals.
Interval 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) 𝑓(𝑥)
(−∞, −1.2) − Decreasing
(−1.2, ∞) + Increasing
From the above table, we conclude that the function has a local minimum value at 𝑥 = −1.2.
Since the continuous function 𝑓 decreases on (−∞, −1.2) and increases on
(−1.2, ∞), therefore 𝑓 has an absolute minimum at 𝑥 = −1.2.
The corresponding value of 𝑦 is 2(−1.2) + 3 = 0.6.
Hence, the required point is (−1.2, 0.6).

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Exercise 10:
Graph the function f. Show all the details.
a) 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 (𝑥 ⁄2 − 5)2 b) 𝑓(𝑥) = ln(4 − 𝑥 2 ) refer to lecture 13, slide 14
Solution:
a) 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 ⁄4 − 5𝑥 2 + 25𝑥:
A. Domain: ℝ
B. Intercepts:
i. 𝒙 −intercepts: set 𝑓(𝑥) = 0 → (𝑥 ⁄2 − 5)2 = 0 → 𝑥 = 0, 10
ii. 𝒚 −intercept: Find the point where the graph crosses the 𝑦 −axis by setting 𝑥 = 0 → 𝑦 = 0
C. Symmetry: The function is neither even nor odd.
D. Asymptotes: No asymptotes of any type.
E. Interval of increase or decrease: 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 0.75𝑥 2 − 10𝑥 + 25 = 0.25(3𝑥 − 10)(𝑥 − 10)
To find the critical numbers, seek the values of 𝑥 for which 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 0 ⟹ 𝑥 = 10, 10⁄3
and 𝑓 ′ (𝑥): does not exist⟹ 𝑥 ∈ { }
Thus, the domain of the given function, the set of real numbers, is subdivided into three intervals.
Interval 3𝑥 − 10 𝑥 − 10 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) 𝑓(𝑥)
(−∞, 10⁄3) − − + Increasing
(10⁄3 , 10) + − − Decreasing
(10, ∞) + + + Increasing
F. Local maximum and minimum values:
The function has a local maximum at (10⁄3 , 1000⁄27) and a local minimum at (10, 0).
set 𝑓′′ (𝑥)=0
G. Concavity and points of inflection: 𝑓′′(𝑥) = 1.5𝑥 − 10 → 1.5𝑥 − 10 = 0 ⟹ 𝑥 = 20⁄3
The domain of the function, the set of real numbers, is subdivided into two intervals.
Interval 1.5𝑥 − 10 𝑓′′(𝑥) 𝑓(𝑥)
(−∞, 20⁄3) − − Concave downward
(20⁄3 , ∞) + + Concave upward
The point (20⁄3 , 500⁄27) is an inflection point.
H. Sketch the curve 𝑦

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Exercise 11:
Evaluate the following integrals.
√1+ln 𝑥
a) ∫ 𝑑𝑥
𝑥
𝑥
b) ∫ √1−4𝑥 2
𝑑𝑥
3 4
c) ∫ 𝑥 sin(𝑥 + 2) 𝑑𝑥
d) ∫ (15 𝑥 2 + 10𝑥 + 1)2.5 (3𝑥 + 1) 𝑑𝑥
2
e) ∫ 𝑦 2−3𝑦 +5 𝑑𝑦
𝑥 3 +3𝑥
f) ∫ 𝑑𝑥
𝑥 4 +6𝑥 2 +20
4 5
g) ∫−4 𝑥 sin(𝜋 2 𝑒) 𝑑𝑥

2
a) = √(1 + ln 𝑥)3 + 𝑐
3
b) −0.25√1 − 4𝑥2 + 𝑐
c) −0.25 cos(𝑥 4 + 2) + 𝑐
1
d) (15 𝑥 2 + 10𝑥 + 1)3.5 + 𝑐
35
2
−2−3𝑦 +5
e) +𝑐
6 ln 2
f) 0.25 ln(𝑥 4 + 6𝑥 2 + 20) + 𝑐
g) zero

Exercise 12:
Find the area of the region bounded by the graphs of 𝑦 = ln 𝑥 , 𝑦 = −3𝑥 , 𝑥 = 1, and 𝑥 = 4.
4
𝑥
3𝑥 4 78
∫ (ln 𝑥 + 3 )𝑑𝑥 = [𝑥 ln 𝑥 − 𝑥 + ] = 4 ln 4 + − 3 u. o. a.
1 ln 3 1 ln 3
Exercise 13:
𝜋 1
If 𝑥 ∈ [0, ], then solve cos 𝑥 < .
2 2
s. s. = (𝜋⁄3 , 𝜋⁄2]
Exercise 14:
Choose the correct answer
1. The product of the roots of the quadratic equation 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0 equals ..........
𝑏 −𝑏 𝑐 −𝑐
a) b) c) d)
𝑎 𝑎 𝑎 𝑎
2. The range of the function 𝑓 (𝑥) = 2𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 − 1 is ..........
a) [−4.125, 4.125] b) ] − ∞, 4.125] c) [−4.125, ∞[ d) ℝ
3. The equation of the tangent line to the curve of 𝑥𝑦 = 1 at 𝑦 = 0.5 is ..........
1 −1
a) 𝑦 − 0.5 = (𝑥 − 2) b) 𝑦 − 0.5 = (𝑥 − 2) c) 𝑦 − 0.5 = 4(𝑥 − 2) d) 𝑦 − 0.5 = −4(𝑥 − 2)
4 4

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