NUMBER SYSTEM
Natural Numbers: Numbers which are used for counting the objects are called natural
numbers. They are denoted by N.
N={1,2,3… }
All positive integers are natural numbers.
Whole numbers: When ‘zero’ is included in the natural numbers, they are known as
whole numbers.
They are denoted by W.
W={0,1,2,3… }
Integers: All natural numbers, zero and negatives of natural numbers are called as integers. They
are denoted by I.
I={………………..,-3,-2,-1,0,1,2,3… }
Rational numbers: The numbers which can be expressed in the form of p/q where P and Q
are integers and[ ] are called rational numbers.
They are called by Q.
Irrational numbers: The numbers which cannot be written in the form of p/q where P and
Q are integers and are called irrational numbers.
When these numbers are expressed in decimal form, they are neither terminating nor repeating.
Real numbers: Real numbers include both rational as well as irrational numbers. Positive
or negative, large or small, whole numbers or decimal numbers are all real numbers.
Imaginary numbers: An imaginary number is a complex number that can be written as a
Real number multiplied by the imaginary unit ‘i’ which is defined by it’s properly i2= -1.
Note: Zero (0) is considered to be both real and imaginary number.
Prime number: A prime number is a natural number greater than 1 and is divisible only by 1
and itself.
e.g.2,3,5,7,11,13,17, 19 etc.
Note: 2 is the only even prime number.
Composite Numbers: A number, other than 1, which is not a prime number is called a
composite number.
E.g.4,6,8,9,10,12,14,15 etc.
Note: 1. 1 is neither a prime number nor a composite number.
2. There are 25 prime numbers between 1 and 100.
To find whether a number is prime or not:
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NUMBER SYSTEM
To check whether the number is prime or not,
We take an integer larger than the square root of the number. Let the number be‘k’. Test
the divisibility of the given number by every prime number less than ‘k’.
If it is not divisible by any of them, then the given number is prime otherwise it is a
composite number.
E.g. = Is 881 a prime number?
Sol- The appropriate square root of 881 is 30.
Prime number less than 30 are 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17,19, 23,29.
881 is not divisible by any of the above numbers, so it is a prime minister.
Co-prime numbers:Two numbers are co-prime of their HCF is1. E.g. (2,3), (3,4) , (5,7),
(3,13) etc.
Even numbers:The number which is divisible by 2 is called even number. E.g. – 2, 4, 6,
8…………….
Odd numbers: The number which is not divisible by 2 is called odd number.
e.g. = 3, 5, 7, 9…………..
Consecutive numbers: A series of numbers in which the succeeding number is greater than
the preceding number by 1 is called a series of consecutive numbers.
i.e., Difference between two consecutive numbers is 1. Some Rules on Counting Numbers
1. Sum of all the first n natural numbers
2. Sum of first n old numbers = n2
3. Sum of first n even numbers =
n(n+1) Sum of squares of first n
natural numbers
Divisibility Rules:
Divisibility by 1: all the integer numbers are divisible by 1 and it is neither prime nor
coprime.
Divisibility by 2: Number whose last digit is either even or zero is divisible by 2.
Divisibility by 3:If the sum of the digits of a number is divisible by3,the number is also
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NUMBER SYSTEM
divisible by 3.
Divisibility by 4: If the last two digits of a Number is divisibleby4orthenumberhavingtwo
or more zeros at the end, the numbers is divisible by 4.
Divisibility by 5: If a number is divisible by 5 or 0, the number is divisible by 5.
Divisibility by 6: If a number is divisible by both 2 and 3 the number is also divisible by 6.
Divisibility by 8:If the last three digits of a number is divisible by 8 or the last three
digits of a number are zeros, the number is divisible by 8.
Divisibility by 9: If the sum of all the digits of a number is divisible by 9, the number is also
divisible by 9.
Divisibility by 10: The number which ends with zero is divisible by 10.
Divisibilityby11: If the sums of digits at odd and even places are equal or differ by a
number divisible by 11, then the number is also divisible by 11.
Divisibility by 12: The number which is divisible by both 3 and 4 is also divisible by 12.
Practice Questions
1. In a division sum,the divisor is 10 times the quotient and 5 times the [Link] the
remainder is 46, the dividend is:
1) 4236
2) 4306
3) 4336
4) 5336
2. The sum of twice the square of a number and 7 times the number equals [Link] is
the number?
1) 1/2
2) 3/4
3) 3/2
4) 5/3
3. One number is 3 more than another and the sum of their square is [Link] the number.
1) 10
2) 12
3) 15
4) 20
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NUMBER SYSTEM
4. The number is 0.01 is how many times as great as the number(0.0001)2
1) 10^5
2) 10^6
3) 10^4
4) 10^3
5. In a bag there are coins of 25 paisa and10 paisa in the ratio of 5:16. If the bag contains
Rs.16 then the number of 10 paisa coin is
1) 86
2) 87
3) 88
4) 90
6. The sum of three number is [Link] the first number be twice the second and third
number be one third of the first then the second number is
1) 82
2) 72
3) 76
4) 87
7. If the number obtained on interchanging the digits of a 2 digit number is 18 more than
the original number and the sum of the digit is [Link] what is the original number?
1) 35
2) 53
3) 32
4) 34
8. Two third of a positive number and 25/216 of its reciprocal are equal. The number is
1) 12/5
2) 25/144
3) 5/12
4) 144/25
9. If 2(1/2) is added to a number and the sum multiplied by 4(1/2) and 3 is added to the
product and then divide the sum by 1(1/5),the quotient becomes [Link] is the number?
1) 5(1/2)
2) 4(1/2)
3) 2(1/2)
4) 3(1/2)
10. The sum of 3 consecutive even number is 40 more than the average of these numbers.
Which of the following is the 2nd largest number?
1) 18
2) 20
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NUMBER SYSTEM
3) 22
4) 24
11. The sum of 3 consecutive numbers is 1251, Find the largest even number?
1) 420
2) B)414
3) C)418
4) D)416
12. What is the least number that can be added to7218 make it a perfect square?
1) A)7
2) B)5
3) C)6
4) D)4
13. 25% of a number is 2 time 65% of another number. Find the ratio of the second number
to the first number?
1) A)5:26
2) B)26:5
3) C)23:7
4) D)5:23
14. What will be the Unit digit of 27!
1) A.0
2) B.1
3) C.3
4) D.4
5) E. None of these
15. If the divisor is five times the quotient and six times the remainder, if the remainder is
5 then the dividend is
1) A.225
2) B.300
3) C.185
4) D.412
5) E. None of these
16. If the sum and the product of 2 numbers are 25 and 144 respectively ,then the
difference of the number should be
1) 11
2) 9
3) 7
4) 15
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NUMBER SYSTEM
17. The sum of the two digit [Link] number obtained by reversing the digit is 27
less than the original number. Then the original number is
1) 74
2) 47
3) 65
4) 83
5) None of these
18. A number when divided by 361 gives a remainder 47. If the Same number is divided by 19
,the remainder is
1) 18
2) 11
3) 9
4) 13
5) None of these
19. The respective ratio between the two digits of a number is 5:3, if the digit at the one’s
place is twice the digit at ten’s place. What is the number?
1) 63
2) 21
3) 12
4)Can’t be determined
5)None of these
20. The sum of digits of a two digit number is [Link] ratio of the original number to the
number formed by interchanging its digits is 4:7. Find the number.
1) 60
2) 15
3) 42
4) 33
5) 24
21. When a number is multiplied by13 and13 is added to the product,the resultant is
divisible by 5. Find the smallest number possible?
1) 85
2) 130
3) 65
4) 90
5) 105
22. The difference between the digits of a two digit number is [Link] the original number is
18 more than two times the number obtained by reversing its digits. Find the original
number.
1) 94
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NUMBER SYSTEM
2) 61
3) 72
4) 49
5) 27
23. A number when divided by 462 gives the remainder as 25. When same number is divided by
14, the remainder will be?
1) 9
2) 5
3) 12
4) 11
5) 15
24. A number when divided by 837 leaves a remainder of 79. What will be the remainder
when the same number is divided by 31?
1) 11
2) 13
3) 15
4) 17
1) None of these
25. The number at or of a rational number is 4 less than the denominator . If the
numerator is increased by 15 and denominator is decreased by 4,we get [Link] the rational
number?
1) 1/5
2) 2/7
3) 3/7
4) 5/9
1) None of these
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