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(H) Physics II Year IV Semester
Mathematical Physics III Lab (32221401)
Problems to be solved
Roots of Algebraic and transcendental equations
Secant method
1. 𝑥 3 − 2𝑥 − 5 = 0 [2, 3]
Solution: 2.0945494
2. cos 𝑥 − 𝑥𝑒 𝑥 = 0 [0.5, 2.0]
Solution: 0.5177567
3. 𝑥𝑒 𝑥 − 1 = 0 [0,1]
Solution: 0.5671376
4. 𝑥 2.2 = 69 [5,8]
Solution: 6.8523651
Ordinary Differential Equations (IVP)
Second Order ODE (IVP) using R-K fourth order method
𝑑2𝑦 4𝑥 𝑑𝑦 2
1. + 1+𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 + 1+𝑥 2 𝑦 = 0 with 𝑦(0) = 1 and 𝑦 ′ (0) = 0
𝑑𝑥 2
Verify using SCILAB inbuilt function
𝑑2𝑦 𝑑𝑦
2. − 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + 4𝑦 = 0 with 𝑦(0) = 3 and 𝑦 ′ (0) = 0
𝑑𝑥 2
Verify using SCILAB inbuilt function
𝑑2𝑦
3. +𝑦 =0 with 𝑦(0) = 1 and 𝑦 ′ (0) = 0
𝑑𝑥 2
Verify using SCILAB inbuilt function
Ordinary Differential Equations (BVP)
Shooting method
𝑑2𝑦
1. − 𝜋 2 𝑦 + 2𝜋 2 sin 𝜋𝑥 = 0 with 𝑦(0) = 𝑦(1) = 0
𝑑𝑥 2
Solution: 𝑦(𝑥 ) = sin(𝜋𝑥)
𝑑2𝑦 4𝑥 𝑑𝑦 2
2. + 1+𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 + 1+𝑥 2 𝑦 = 0 with 𝑦(0) = 1 and 𝑦(2) = 0.2
𝑑𝑥 2
Solution: 𝑦(𝑥) = 1⁄(1 + 𝑥 2 )
𝑑2𝑦
3. −𝑦 = 0 with 𝑦(0) = 1 and 𝑦 ′ (1) = 0
𝑑𝑥 2
Solution: 𝑦(𝑥) = 0.1192029 𝑒 𝑥 +0.8807971 𝑒 −𝑥
Finite Difference method
𝑑2𝑦
1. −𝑦 = 0 with 𝑦(0) = 0 and 𝑦(2) = 3.62686
𝑑𝑥 2
Solution: 𝑦(𝑥) = 0.5 𝑒 𝑥 −0.5 𝑒 −𝑥
𝑑2𝑦
2. 𝑑𝑥 2
−𝑦 = 0 with 𝑦(0) = 1 and 𝑦 ′ (1) = 0
Solution: 𝑦(𝑥) = 0.1192029 𝑒 𝑥 +0.8807971 𝑒 −𝑥
𝑑2𝑦 4𝑥 𝑑𝑦 2
3. + 1+𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 + 1+𝑥 2 𝑦 = 0 with 𝑦(0) = 1 and 𝑦(2) = 0.2
𝑑𝑥 2
Solution: 𝑦(𝑥) = 1⁄(1 + 𝑥 2 )
𝑑2𝑦
4. + 𝑦 = sin(3𝑥) with 𝑦(0) + 𝑦 ′ (0) = −1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦 ′ (𝜋⁄2) = 1
𝑑𝑥 2
3 1
Solution: 𝑦(𝑥) = −cos(𝑥) + (8) sin(𝑥) − (8) sin(3𝑥)
Partial Differential Equations (BVP)
Laplace Equation/Poisson Equation
𝜕2 𝑢 𝜕2 𝑢
1. + 𝜕𝑦 2 = 0 on 𝑅 = {(𝑥, 𝑦)| 0 < 𝑥 < 1, 0 < 𝑦 < 1}
𝜕𝑥 2
1
𝑢 (𝑥, 0) = 0, 𝑢 (𝑥, 1) =
(1 + 𝑥)2 + 1
𝑦 𝑦
𝑢 (0, 𝑦) = , 𝑢 ( 1, 𝑦 ) =
1 + 𝑦2 4 + 𝑦2
𝑦
Solution: 𝑢(𝑥, 𝑦) = (1+𝑥)2+𝑦 2
𝜕2 𝑢 𝜕2 𝑢
2. + 𝜕𝑦 2 = −[2 + 𝜋 2 𝑥(1 − 𝑥)] cos(𝜋𝑦) on 𝑅 = {(𝑥, 𝑦)| 0 < 𝑥 < 1, 0 < 𝑦 < 1/2}
𝜕𝑥 2
The Dirichlet boundary conditions are given by
𝑢(0, 𝑦) = 𝑢(1, 𝑦) = 0
1
𝑢(𝑥, 0) = 𝑥(1 − 𝑥), 𝑢 (𝑥, ) = 0
2
Solution: 𝑢(𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝑥(1 − 𝑥) cos 𝜋𝑦
𝜕2 𝑢 𝜕2 𝑢
3. + 𝜕𝑦 2 = 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 on 𝑅 = {(𝑥, 𝑦)| 0 < 𝑥 < 1, 0 < 𝑦 < 1}
𝜕𝑥 2
1 2
𝑢(𝑥, 0) = 0, 𝑢(𝑥, 1) = 𝑥
2
1
𝑢(0, 𝑦) = sin 𝜋𝑦 , 𝑢(1, 𝑦) = 𝑒 𝜋 sin(𝜋𝑦) + 𝑦 2
2
1
Solution: 𝑢(𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝑒 𝜋𝑥 sin 𝜋𝑦 + 2 (𝑥𝑦)2
𝜕2 𝑢 𝜕2 𝑢
4. + 𝜕𝑦 2 = −52 cos(4𝑥 + 6𝑦) on 𝑅 = {(𝑥, 𝑦)| 0 < 𝑥 < 1, 0 < 𝑦 < 1}
𝜕𝑥 2
𝑢(𝑥, 0) = cos(4𝑥) , 𝑢(𝑥, 1) = cos(4𝑥 + 6)
𝑢(0, 𝑦) = cos 6𝑦 , 𝑢(1, 𝑦) = cos(6𝑦 + 4)
Solution: 𝑢(𝑥, 𝑦) = cos(4𝑥 + 6𝑦)
𝜕2 𝑢 𝜕2 𝑢
5. + 𝜕𝑦 2 = 0 on 𝑅 = {(𝑥, 𝑦)| 1 < 𝑥 < 2, 0 < 𝑦 < 1}
𝜕𝑥 2
𝑢(𝑥, 0) = 2 ln 𝑥 , 𝑢(𝑥, 1) = ln(𝑥 2 + 1)
𝑢(1, 𝑦) = ln(𝑦 2 + 1) , 𝑢(2, 𝑦) = ln(𝑦 2 + 4)
Solution: 𝑢(𝑥, 𝑦) = ln(𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 )
Heat Equation
Solve the following heat equations with Initial Boundary conditions using FTCS/ BTCS/ Crank
Nicolson method.
𝜕𝑢 1 𝜕2 𝑢
1. = 16 𝜕𝑥 2
𝜕𝑡
𝑢(0, 𝑡) = 𝑢(1, 𝑡) = 0
𝑢(𝑥, 0) = 2 sin(2𝜋𝑥)
2 ⁄4)𝑡
Solution: 𝑢(𝑥, 𝑡) = 2𝑒 −(𝜋 sin(2𝜋𝑥)
𝜕𝑢 𝜕2 𝑢
2. = 𝜕𝑥 2
𝜕𝑡
𝑢(0, 𝑡) = 1, 𝑢(1, 𝑡) = 0
1
𝑢(𝑥, 0) = 1 − 𝑥 − sin(2𝜋𝑥)
𝜋
1 2
Solution: 𝑢(𝑥, 𝑡) = 1 − 𝑥 − 𝜋 𝑒 −4𝜋 𝑡 sin(2𝜋𝑥)
𝜕𝑢 𝜕2 𝑢
3. = 𝜕𝑥 2
𝜕𝑡
𝑢(0, 𝑡) = 𝑢(𝜋, 𝑡) = 0
𝑢(𝑥, 0) = sin(𝑥)
Solution: 𝑢(𝑥, 𝑡) = 𝑒 −𝑡 sin(𝑥)
𝜕𝑢 𝜕2 𝑢
4. = 𝜕𝑥 2
𝜕𝑡
1
𝑢(0, 𝑡) = 𝑢(𝜋, 𝑡) = (1 + 𝑒 −4𝑡 )
2
𝑢(𝑥, 0) = cos 2 𝑥
1 1
Solution: 𝑢(𝑥, 𝑡) = 2 + 2 𝑒 −4𝑡 cos(2𝑥)
𝜕𝑢 𝜕2 𝑢
5. = 𝜕𝑥 2
𝜕𝑡
𝑢(0, 𝑡) = 𝑢(𝜋, 𝑡) = 0
𝑢(𝑥, 0) = sin3 𝑥
3 1
Solution: 𝑢(𝑥, 𝑡) = 4 𝑒 −𝑡 sin 𝑥 − 4 𝑒 −9𝑡 sin(3𝑥)